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1、第1講　特殊句式 特殊句式包括強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句、祈使句和there be句式。高考語法填空和短文改錯中對特殊句式的考查很少，但作為語法中的重難點，考生也不應(yīng)忽視，這是因為在寫作中它屬于高級句式，能否合理運(yùn)用它對取得高分起著至關(guān)重要的作用。 考點感悟 語法填空 語法填空中對特殊句式的考查并不難，主要是一些常見的基本用法。 感1.(2017·天津高考)It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors. 答案：that　此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀

2、語。 2.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, ________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than any other thing to worry about. 答案：make　此處為祈使句。 3.(2015·天津高考)Only after Mary read her composition the second time ________ she notice the spe

3、lling mistake. 答案：did　“only＋狀語”位于句首時，要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，又根據(jù)時態(tài)可知填did。 4.(2019·江西六校聯(lián)考)In that way, World Read Aloud Day ________ (do) help make a difference. 答案：does　本句主語為World Read Aloud Day，謂語動詞為動詞原形help，根據(jù)提示詞為do，可知本題考查對謂語的強(qiáng)調(diào)。又根據(jù)主語為單數(shù)第三人稱可知，應(yīng)填does。 5.(2019·江蘇模擬)Once ________ (catch) stealing in a supermar

4、ket, you'll be punished. 答案：caught　once引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中省略了 you are，故catch應(yīng)用被動形式，即填過去分詞形式。 6.(2019·鄭州模擬)________ is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with written English. 答案：There　固定句式“there is no doubt that ...”意為“毫無疑問……”。 悟1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句　注意基本句式及that/who。 2.倒裝句　分清全部或部分倒裝，注意謂語的形式。 3.省略句

5、　特別注意從句省略后動詞的非謂語形式。 4.祈使句　注意謂語動詞形式 5.there be句式　注意固定句式及be的形式。 短文改錯 短文改錯中對特殊句式的考查并不多見，涉及時也是以基本用法為主。 感1.(2019·烏魯木齊高三診斷)I sat at a table, explaining every step of the process while make tea. _____________________ 答案：make→making　在while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，當(dāng)主從句的主語一致且含有be的某種形式時可省略從句的主語和be，I與make之間是主動關(guān)系，句子補(bǔ)充完

6、整應(yīng)該是while I was making tea，本句相當(dāng)于省略了I was，故make改為making。 2.(2019·湖南聯(lián)考)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient. _____________________ 答案：which→that　本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，故應(yīng)將which改為that。 3.(2019·湖北聯(lián)考)Not until then I know my senior high sch

7、ool life had really begun. _____________________ 答案：then后加did　not until位于句首要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，又根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)用助動詞do的過去式。 4.(2019·山東模擬)There have some pieces of information that I'd like to share with you. _____________________ 答案：have→are　此處為there be句式，不存在there have這種表達(dá)。 5.(2014·四川高考)Don't panic or get out of

8、line, and trying to remain quiet and calm. _____________________ 答案：trying→try　本句為祈使句，and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動詞形式需前后保持一致。 悟1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句　注意此句型中that與who的誤用及與相似句式中連詞的誤用。 2.倒裝句　注意助動詞或系動詞的缺失或誤用。 3.省略句?、僮⒁馐÷缘那疤釛l件；②可省略時從句中動詞的形式。 4.祈使句　注意and或or的誤用及與非謂語動詞作狀語的區(qū)別。 5.there be句式　注意句式中be與have的誤用，沒有there have這種句式，另外，還要熟知ther

9、e be的固定句式。 考點素能 一 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)及注意事項 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“It＋is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”，在理解強(qiáng)調(diào)句時，考生要注意以下幾點： (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子成分通常為主語、狀語、賓語等，不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞(如強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞，常借助于do/does/did)、表語(主語補(bǔ)語)、讓步狀語、條件狀語等。連接詞一般用that，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人時，可用who/that，其他一律用that。 (2)判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，就是看把句子中的“It is/was和that/who”去掉之后，句子是否成立。若句子依然成立，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句

10、，否則就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 (3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Was＋it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ (4)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋其他部分？ (5)not ... until ...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was not until＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分。 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most. 給我們工作帶來最大益處的不是我們做了多少而是我們將多少愛投入

11、到我們所從事的事業(yè)中。 Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out？ 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1939年爆發(fā)的嗎？ When was it that you called me yesterday？ 你昨天是什么時候給我打電話的？ 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與結(jié)構(gòu)相似的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別 (1)與含主語從句的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別 It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next month. 他們下個月準(zhǔn)備去參觀長城，這是真的。 It is the Great Wall th

12、at they are going to visit. 他們打算去參觀的地方是長城。 第一個句子是一個主從復(fù)合句，其中it是形式主語；that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，that沒有任何意義，在從句中不作任何成分。第二個句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語the Great wall，It is和that沒有任何意義，只是用來構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本框架。 (2)與含定語從句的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別 It is a question that needs careful consideration. 這是一個需要仔細(xì)考慮的問題。 It is novels that William enjoys reading.

13、 威廉喜歡讀的是小說。 第一個句子是一個主從復(fù)合句，其中that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞question, that在從句中作主語；It在主句中作主語。第二個句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語novels, It is和that沒有任何意義，只是用來構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本框架。 (3)與含狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別 ①與“It is/was＋時間名詞＋when ...”的區(qū)別 “It is/was＋時間名詞＋when ...”句型中，it指時間，when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。時間名詞前無介詞。 It was 6 o'clock when I got up today. 今天我起床時已經(jīng)6點

14、了。 It was at 6 o'clock that I got up today. 今天我是6點起的床。 第一句是主從復(fù)合句，It指時刻，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時間狀語at 6 o'clock，It was和that無實際意義，去掉后句子依然成立。 ②與“It is/was＋時間段＋since ...”的區(qū)別 “It is/was＋時間段＋since ...”句型中，since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。若since和延續(xù)性動詞連用，該句型的意思是“……不做某事已有……時間了”；若since和短暫性動詞連用，該句型的意思是“……做某事已有……時間了”。sinc

15、e引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般過去時。 It is two years since I taught English. 我不教英語兩年了。 It is two years since I began to teach English. 我教英語已經(jīng)兩年了。 It is two hours that he spends on English every day. 他每天花兩個小時學(xué)英語。 前兩個句子是“It is＋時間段＋since ...”句型，since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。第三個句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語tow hours。 ③與“It was/will be＋時間段＋before ..

16、.”的區(qū)別 “It was/will be＋時間段＋before ...”句型中，it指時間，before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 It was two years before he came back from abroad. 過了兩年他才回國。 It was two years later that he came back from abroad. 他是兩年后回國的。 第一句中的It指時間，before引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句；第二句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時間狀語two years later。 二 倒裝句 倒裝是高考考查的?？键c，高考不只是單純考查倒裝，而是常把倒裝與時態(tài)、主謂

17、一致等結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行考查，增加了考查的難度，因此考生一定要把倒裝的基本用法牢記在心。倒裝分為完全倒裝與部分倒裝。 1.完全倒裝 當(dāng)作狀語的here, there, now, then, down, up, out, off等表示地點、時間或方位的副詞或表示地點的介詞短語in the room, on the way等置于句首且主語為名詞時，句子要完全倒裝。但當(dāng)主語是代詞時，主謂不倒裝。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. 約翰打開門，他從來沒見過的一位女孩站在那兒。 South of t

18、he river lies a small factory. 河的南面有一個小工廠。 2.部分倒裝 (1)only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句置于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以這種方法，我們才能學(xué)好英語。 (2)否定副詞never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no

19、 condition等置于句首時要部分倒裝。 Never before have I seen such a moving film. 以前我從未看過這么感人的電影。 (3)表示前面所說的情況也適用于后者時，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)so/neither/nor＋助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語。 They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. 他們喜歡交很多朋友，那些有殘疾的人也是如此。 (4)So＋adj./adv. ... that .../Such＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n. ...＋that ... “

20、如此……以至于……”。 So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好待在家里。 (5)Not only ... but also ... “不僅……而且……”，Not only后是主謂倒裝，but also后是正常語序。 Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助，而且也要給那些需要幫助的

21、人提供醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。 (6)在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句的表語/狀語/動詞位于句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。 Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of China. 盡管他是個孩子，但他對中國歷史知道很多。 (7)在非真實條件句中，條件句中的if省略時，助動詞had, were, should常提到主語前面，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。 Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ＝If I were a teach

22、er, I would be strict with my students. 如果我是老師，我會嚴(yán)格要求我的學(xué)生的。 三 省略句 1.狀語從句中的省略 由when, while, as, until, once, where, if, unless, as if, although/though, whether等引導(dǎo)的時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步等狀語從句中，如果從句的謂語含有be動詞，且從句的主語是it或主從句的主語相同時，此時可省略從句的主語和be動詞。 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if car

23、ried out regularly, can improve our health. 實驗表明，如果進(jìn)行得有規(guī)律，適量的運(yùn)動能強(qiáng)身健體。 2.whatever和however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可省去連系動詞 如：Amy pledged to complete her father's unfinished task, whatever the cost (was). Amy保證無論代價多大都要完成父親未竟的事業(yè)。 He refuses, however favourable the conditions (are). 無論條件多么誘人，他都拒絕了。 3.動詞不定式的省略

24、(1)在動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，為避免重復(fù)，常常省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞原形，只保留to。 —Would you like to go with us？ —I'm glad to, but I have to finish my homework. ——你愿意和我們一起去嗎？ ——我很愿意去，但我不得不先寫完作業(yè)。 (2)tell, warn, order, advise, ask等動詞的賓語后接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，可以省略to后的動詞原形。 The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him

25、 not to. 這個男孩想要在街上踢足球，但他媽媽告訴他不要如此。 4.用so或not等替代上文內(nèi)容的省略 當(dāng)由I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答語時，后面的so與not分別表示肯定和否定，賓語從句可省略。 Maybe I will be proven wrong, but I hope not. 也許我會被證明是錯的，但我希望不是那樣。 5.常用的省略結(jié)構(gòu) if ever 如果有過的話 if busy 如果忙的話 if anything 如果有一些的話 if possible 如果可能的話 if so

26、如果那樣的話 if not 如果不的話 四 祈使句 祈使句表示請求、命令、建議等，謂語動詞一律用原形。句子通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆號或句號，讀時用降調(diào)。 1.祈使句的基本用法 祈使句的肯定表達(dá)一般以動詞原形開頭，而否定表達(dá)一般以Don't開頭，需要注意的是，表示禁止時，尤其是標(biāo)語等也可用“No＋動名詞”來表示。 (1)一般直接以動詞原形開頭。 Stand up. 起立。 Be careful! 小心！ Don't park here. ＝No parking. 禁止停車。 (2)有時，為了加強(qiáng)語氣，可以在動詞之前加do。 Do study hard. 一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)。

27、 (3)用客氣的語氣時，可在句首或句尾加please，如在句末加，則please前一定要加逗號。 Go this way, please. 請這邊走。 (4)祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或句末。 Li Ming, come here. ＝Come here, Li Ming. 李明，過來。 2.必須要掌握的高考中祈使句的固定句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句 Study hard, and you'll make great progress. 努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會取得很大地進(jìn)步。 Follow your doctor's advice, or your coug

28、h will get worse. 聽從醫(yī)生的建議，否則你的咳嗽會更嚴(yán)重。 注意：對于此句式，用and還是or取決于句意。高考中，命題者一般會進(jìn)行兩方面的干擾設(shè)置，一是用but, while, yet等詞，二是句首用不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞等。 五 there be句式 there be句型是高考考查的重點語法項目，近年來高考均考查其最基本的用法，因此考生只需要掌握以下基本用法即可。 1.there be句型中的be可以有不同的時態(tài)，可以和助動詞或情態(tài)動詞連用。 There have been many great changes in our country since then.

29、 自從那時起我們國家發(fā)生了很多巨變。 2.there be句型的衍生結(jié)構(gòu)be可以用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, lie等替換。 There seems to be an announcement about the project. 關(guān)于這個項目似乎有一個通知。 There remains some confusion about the nature of online teaching. 人們對于在線教育的性質(zhì)還存在一些疑惑。 3.there be句型的主謂一致，如

30、果主語由兩個或兩個以上的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成，謂語動詞be應(yīng)和離它最近的主語保持一致。 There is a knife and two pens in the pocket. 他的口袋里有一把小刀和兩支鋼筆。 4.there be句型的常用結(jié)構(gòu) there is no doubt that ... “毫無疑問……” there is no need to do ... “沒有必要做……” there is no denying that ... “不可否認(rèn)……” there is no point/sense in doing sth. “做某事沒有意義” there is (no

31、) difficulty in doing sth. “做某事(沒)有困難” there is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that ... “(做)某事(沒)有可能性” 5.there be句型的非限定形式(there being和there to be) (1)there being是一個獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，可在句中作狀語，表原因。 There being no evidence against him, Frank is unlikely to be convicted. (＝Because there is no evidence against

32、 him ...) 由于沒有不利于他的證據(jù)，F(xiàn)rank不可能被判有罪。 there being也相當(dāng)于一個帶有邏輯主語的動詞-ing形式。在句子中可作介詞(除介詞for外) 的賓語。 Judging from there being no much furniture in the house, we know that they are very poor. 從他家沒有什么家具來看，我們知道他們很窮。 (2)there to be可以用作動詞的賓語，表示一種愿望，但目前還沒實現(xiàn)。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我期望

33、關(guān)于這件事沒有爭吵。 過關(guān)檢測(限時：30分鐘) Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to help someone in trouble. 答案：that 2.Only when he needed some money ________ he visit me. 答案：did 3.Here ________ my tips for you. 答案：are 4.Video games can be a poor influen

34、ce if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands. 答案：left 5.Work harder ________ you will find it not difficult to learn. 答案：and 6.________ Jason shared his ideas with us, we would have made more progress. 答案：Had 7.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________ ever, reaching 30

35、 ℃ in summer. 答案：if 8.There ________ (be) an old photo and some coins in the purse. 答案：was/is 9.Anyone, once ________ (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. 答案：tested 10.________ (take) the chance, or you will regret it. 答案：Take Ⅱ.單句改錯 1

36、.Was it because Jack came late for school why Mr Smith got angry？ _____________________ 答案：why→that 2.There have several advantages if you consult the persons you trust. _____________________ 答案：have→are 3.It was with the help of the local guide who the mountain climber was rescued. _________

37、____________ 答案：who→that 4.No sooner did Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. _____________________ 答案：did→had 5.As the average age of the population increase, there are more and more old people are cared for. _____________________ 答案：去掉第二個are 6.By do

38、ing so, not only I share good ideas with others but I also can learn to express myself. _____________________ 答案：only后加can 7.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. _____________________ 答案：whenever后加I 8.A few minutes earlier, otherwise

39、I could have seen the famous scientist. _____________________ 答案：otherwise→and 9.He told me she was a beautiful girl and she was clever. _____________________ 答案：第二個she前加that 10.I asked Charles to see the movie, but he didn't want. _____________________ 答案：want后加to Ⅲ.語法填空 A story about vio

40、linist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once came across a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire. When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it but learned that it __1__ (sell) to a collector. He went to the new owner's home in order to try to persuade him to sell __2__ viol

41、in. However, the collector said it was one of his valuable __3__ (possess) and he could not let it go. The __4__ (disappoint) Kreisler turned to leave, but then asked a favor. “May I play the instrument once more __5__ it is put away？” Permission was given and the great musician began to play. The

42、violin sang with a quality of music so beautiful that the collector could only listen __6__ amazement. “I have no right __7__ (keep) that to myself，” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is __8__ (you), Mr Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let the people hear it.” I want to live my

43、life that way—to take it into the world and live it __9__ (full). I'd rather be used up than die not having done whatever I could. Happiness is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when __10__ (ask) for a hand. Volunteer some time for a worthwhile organization. Spend an hour with a lonely

44、 relative. In the end, I know that my happiness will not have been about my ability or my inability. It will have been about my availability. My life is meant to be lived. 1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9.________　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文通過講述一位

45、偉大的小提琴家得到一把小提琴的故事，告訴我們應(yīng)該讓自己的生活過得充實，不要留下遺憾。 1.had been sold　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。sell的動作發(fā)生在learned之前，應(yīng)該用過去完成時；主語it指代violin，與sell之間為動賓關(guān)系，故空處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。 2.the　考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表特指，故用the。 3.possessions　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)該用名詞，possession意為“所有物”，為可數(shù)名詞，由one of可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4.disappointed　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處修飾名詞Kreisler，應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“感到失望的”，

46、故填disappointed。 5.before　考查連詞。Kreisler想在小提琴被收起來之前拉一次。 6.in　考查介詞。in amazement相當(dāng)于in surprise，表示一種吃驚的狀態(tài)。 7.to keep　考查非謂語動詞。have no right to do sth.意為“沒有權(quán)利做某事”，為固定用法。 8.yours　考查代詞。此處需要用名詞性物主代詞，指代your violin。 9.fully　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞live需要用副詞。 10.asked　考查非謂語動詞。主句為祈使句，從句省略了主語和be動詞，補(bǔ)充完整為：when you are aske

47、d for a hand，因此填asked。 Ⅳ.短文改錯 It was on a warm autumn day that my father and I walk into my new high school. After registered in the classroom, I was taken to my dormitory by the volunteer. Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later. I got to know my new roommate immediately. Alth

48、ough I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to my father, but he had to leave to home. I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently. Not until then I know my senior high school life had real begun. 答案： It was on a warm autumn day that my father and I i

49、nto my new high school. After in the classroom, I was taken to my dormitory by volunteer. Altogether I had five roommates, two of arrived later. I got to know my new immediately. Although I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to my father, he had to leave home. I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after and live independently. Not until then I know my senior high school life had begun. - 12 -