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(江蘇專版)2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 三 寫(xiě)作意圖題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版

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《(江蘇專版)2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 三 寫(xiě)作意圖題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《(江蘇專版)2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 三 寫(xiě)作意圖題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版(21頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、三、寫(xiě)作意圖題 (2019·天津,D) WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook. Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappea

2、ledtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉訶德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore? We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark

3、.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears. Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandth

4、enbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere. Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergo

5、ingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing. Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,to

6、work,ortosomemoralconcept. Manyofusequate(視……等同于) “commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopl

7、etheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson. 語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文從西班牙文學(xué)巨匠塞萬(wàn)提斯講起,告訴我們不論身處哪個(gè)年齡階段,只要有目標(biāo),并且愿意學(xué)習(xí),就可能取得成功。 51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat. A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativity B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoal C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate D.disabi

8、litycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二段內(nèi)容可知,塞萬(wàn)提斯成年后生活坎坷,但他決心寫(xiě)一本書(shū),結(jié)果這本書(shū)暢銷了350多年,有些人直到生命的最后時(shí)刻都在發(fā)現(xiàn)新的活力和創(chuàng)意。由此可推知,作者以塞萬(wàn)提斯的故事開(kāi)頭是為了告訴我們年齡不是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的障礙。 52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean? A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty. B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks. C.Misstheopportunit

9、ytosucceed. D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning. 答案 D 解析 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)所在句可知,人們?cè)谶€沒(méi)到達(dá)人生的終點(diǎn)之前就失去了繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。故選D項(xiàng)。 53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4? A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped. B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead. C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind. D.Opportuni

10、tyawaitsthosewithacautiousmind. 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。通讀第四段可知,該段是說(shuō)我們中大多數(shù)人總是減少自己生活的多樣性,困在自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域,沒(méi)有什么能給我們帶來(lái)驚喜,但是只要我們?cè)敢鈱W(xué),到處都是機(jī)會(huì)。據(jù)此可推知,機(jī)會(huì)青睞有求知欲的人。 54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5? A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering. B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity. C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

11、D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife. 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。通讀第五段可知,該段說(shuō)到我們成熟之后學(xué)會(huì)忍受自己改變不了的事,學(xué)會(huì)避免自我哀憐;知道有些人是我們無(wú)論怎么做都討好不了的,而這種想法最初會(huì)困擾我們,但最終我們會(huì)感到釋然。由此可知,作者在第五段想告訴我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)用合適的方式對(duì)待生活,因此選D。 55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage? A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife. B.Tostresstheneed

12、ofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork. C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning. D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer. 答案 A 解析 寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀全文可知,本文通過(guò)塞萬(wàn)提斯的經(jīng)歷告訴我們要讓自己成年的生活充滿意義。 一、題型解讀 各種話題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫(xiě)作意圖/目的題。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有: 1.整篇文章的寫(xiě)作意圖/目的: (1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorde

13、rto. (2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto. (3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto. (4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage? (5)Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage? (6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat. 2.某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫(xiě)作意圖/目的: (1)Theauthoruses...inthefirstparagraphto. (2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to. (

14、3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto. (4)Whydoestheauthormention...inthefirstparagraph? 二、解題技巧 1.文體特點(diǎn)推意圖 (1)記敘文:一般會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結(jié)性的語(yǔ)言,且往往有一定的哲理性,所有的敘述都是圍繞該哲理展開(kāi)。 (2)廣告類應(yīng)用文:文章中有對(duì)某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹,使用具有明顯支持傾向的語(yǔ)言。 (3)說(shuō)明文:寫(xiě)作目的有賴于對(duì)文章主旨的把握,閱讀時(shí)需要找準(zhǔn)主題句。 (4)議論文:提出論點(diǎn)——進(jìn)行論證——得出結(jié)論,作者的意圖往往隱含于最后一部分中。 2.看寫(xiě)

15、作手法找答案 (1)在文章開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題或介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。 (2)舉例或引用某人的話時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有tosupport/toshow等字眼。 例如:【真題感悟】中的第55題,文章為議論文,文章先提出論點(diǎn),再進(jìn)行論證,最后得出結(jié)論:我們要讓自己的成年生活充滿意義。 A (2019·南徐鹽常四市聯(lián)考) Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.WhenMartinLutherKing,Jr

16、.presentedhisdream,hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthiselectrifying(令人激動(dòng)的) messagerequiredemotionalintelligence—theabilitytorecognize,understand,andmanageemotions. Emotionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders,policymakers,andeducatorsasthesolutiontoawiderangeo

17、fsocialproblems.Ifwecanteachourchildrentomanageemotions,theargumentgoes,we’llhavelessbullyingandmorecooperation.Ifwecancultivateemotionalintelligenceamongleadersanddoctors,we’llhavemorecaringworkplacesandmorecompassionatehealthcare. Emotionalintelligenceisimportant,buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasob

18、scured(掩蓋) adarkside.Newevidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills,theybecomebetteratmanipulating(控制) others.Whenyou’regoodatcontrollingyourownemotions,youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknowwhatothersarefeeling,youcan1motivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests. Socialscientistshavebe

19、guntodocumentthisdarksideofemotionalintelligence.11InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges,whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion,theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinize(細(xì)致審查) themessageandrememberedofthecontent.Ironicallyaudiencemembersweresomovedbythespeechthattheyclaimedtorecall

20、moreofit. Theauthorscallthistheawestruckeffect,butitmightjustaseasilybedescribedasthedumbstruckeffect.OneobserverreflectedthatHitler’spersuasive6impactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpressemotions—hewould“tearopenhisheart”—andtheseemotionsaffectedhisfollowerstothepointthattheywould“stopthinking2

21、criticallyandjustemote”. Leaderswho7masteremotionscanrobusofourcapacitiestoreason.Iftheirvaluesareoutofstepwithourown,theresultscanbedestructive.Newevidencesuggeststhatwhenpeoplehaveself-servingmotives(動(dòng)機(jī)),emotionalintelligencebecomesaweaponformanipulatingothers.InastudyledbytheUniversityofTorontop

22、sychologistStephaneCote,universityemployeesfilledoutasurveyabouttheirMachiavellian(不擇手段的) tendencies,andtookatestmeasuringtheirknowledgeabouteffectivestrategiesformanagingemotions.Then,Cote’steamassessedhowoftentheemployeesdeliberatelyundermined(逐漸削弱) theircolleagues.Theemployees9involvedinthemostha

23、rmfulbehaviorswereMachiavellianswithhighemotionalintelligence.Theyusedtheiremotionalskillstolowerthedignityoftheirpeersforpersonalgain. ShiningalightonthisdarksideofemotionalintelligenceisonemissionofaresearchteamledbyUniversityCollegeLondonprofessorMartinKilduff.Accordingtotheseexperts,emotionalin

24、telligencehelpspeopledisguise(偽裝) onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.ProfessorKilduff’steamwrites,“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevidentnotonlyonShakespeare’sstagebutalsointheofficesandcorridorswherepowerandinf

25、luencearetraded.” Ofcourse,peoplearen’talwaysusingemotionalintelligencefornefariousends.Moreoftenthannot,emotionalskillsaresimplyinstrumentaltoolsforgoalaccomplishment.AresearchteamdiscoveredthatfounderAnitaRoddickusedemotionalintelligencetoinspireheremployeesfundraiseforcharity.AsRoddickexplained,

26、“Wheneverwewantedtopersuadeourstafftosupportaparticularprojectwealwaystriedtobreaktheirhearts.” Thereisgrowingrecognitionthatemotionalintelligence—likeanyskill—canbeusedforgoodorevil.Soifwe’regoingtoteachemotionalintelligenceinschoolsanddevelopitatwork,weneedtoconsiderthevaluesthatgoalongwithitandw

27、hereit’sactuallyuseful. 1.WhydoestheauthormentionMartinLutherKing,Jr.? A.Tohonorthegreatleaderforhiscourage. B.Torecommendhisspeechtootherleaders. C.Toimpressthereaderswithamajortopic. D.Toadvocateasocietywithfewerproblems. 答案 C 解析 寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefue

28、lledbyemotionalintelligence.”可知,人類歷史上一些最偉大的時(shí)刻是由情商推動(dòng)的,緊接著作者提到馬丁·路德·金就是為了給讀者留下深刻的印象,故C項(xiàng)正確。 2.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoadarksideofemotionalintelligence? A.Developingthecapabilitytocontrolone’sownemotion. B.Inducingpeopletodowhatbringsdisadvantagestothem. C.Appealingtotheaudiencetoconcentrateandr

29、emembermore. D.Encouragingthemovedaudiencetorecallmoreofthespeech. 答案 B 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句及最后一句可知,情商重要,但失控的熱情掩蓋了它的黑暗面,當(dāng)你知道別人的感受時(shí),你可以激勵(lì)他們違背自己的最佳利益,由此可知,誘導(dǎo)人們做對(duì)他們不利的事情屬于情商的黑暗面之一,故B項(xiàng)正確。 3.WhatisthedumbstruckeffectofHitler’semotionalintelligence? A.Hisfollowerswouldtearopentheirheartstohim. B.Hisfol

30、lowerswouldexpressemotionsstrategically. C.Hisfollowerswouldlosetheabilitytoreasonproperly. D.Hisfollowerswoulddeveloptheself-servingmotives. 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知,希特勒之所以極具說(shuō)服力,是因?yàn)樗心芰?zhàn)略性地表達(dá)自己的情緒,這些情緒會(huì)影響到他的追隨者,讓他們不再批判性地思考,而只是發(fā)泄情緒,由此可知,希特勒情商的驚人影響是使他的追隨者失去了正確推理的能力,故C項(xiàng)正確。 4.Howdopeopleusetheirem

31、otionalintelligenceforpersonalgain? A.Theydisguisetheiremotionstoearnothers’trust. B.Theyhelptheircolleaguestobuildupconfidence. C.Theypresenttheirstrategicbehaviorsonthestage. D.Theylowertheirowndignitytogainpopularity. 答案 A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(偽裝) oneset

32、ofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain”及“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevident”可知,人們通過(guò)掩飾自己的情緒贏得別人的信任來(lái)獲取個(gè)人利益,故A項(xiàng)正確。 5.Whichmaymeanthesameastheunderlinedword“nefarious”inParagraph8? A.Immoral. B.Unimportant. C.Illegal.

33、D.Uncontrollable. 答案 A 解析 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句及其后一句可知,人們并不總是利用情商來(lái)達(dá)到邪惡的目的,通常情感技巧只是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的工具,由此可知畫(huà)線詞詞義為“邪惡的,不道德的”,故A項(xiàng)正確。 6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage? A.TheBenefitsofEmotionalIntelligence B.TheWaysofDisguisingOne’sEmotions C.TheReasonsforUsingEmotionalSkills D.TheDarkSideofEmotionalIntelligen

34、ce 答案 D 解析 標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文,特別是第三段中的“Emotionalintelligenceisimportant,buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩蓋) adarkside.”可知,情商固然重要,但失控的熱情掩蓋了它的黑暗面,本文主要介紹的就是情商的黑暗面,故D項(xiàng)正確。 B (2019·南京金陵中學(xué)、海安中學(xué)、外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校四模) “Beafraid.Beveryafraid,”saysa10characterinTheFly,ahorrorfilmaboutamanwhoturnsintoanenormousinse

35、ct.It3capturestheuneaseanddisgustpeopleoftenfeelforthekingdomofcockroaches,Zika-carryingmosquitoesandcreepycrawliesofallkinds.However,ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworldassomethingtobefrightenedfor,notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears,scoresofscientificstudieshavesuggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring,d

36、roning,honeybees,butterfliesandbeetlesaredyingoff.“Ifallmankindweretodisappear”,wroteE.O.Wilson,a4respectableentomologist,“theworldwouldregenerate...Ifinsectsweretovanish,theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos.” Mostofthestudiesdescribedeclinesof50%andmoreoverdecadesindifferentmeasuresofinsecthealth.

37、Theimmediate5reactionisshock.Insectsenableplantstoreproduce,throughpollination (授粉),andarefoodforotheranimals,soacollapseintheirnumberswouldbecatastrophic. Butasecondlook8leadstoadifferentassessment.Ratherthancausingapanic,thestudiesshouldactasatimelywarningandareasontotakeprecautions.Thatisbecause

38、theworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.Reliabledataaretooscarcetodeclareaglobalemergency. Moreover,wheretheevidencedoesshowacollapse—inEuropeandAmerica—agriculturalandruralecosystemsareholdingup.Farmproductionstillremainshigh.Assomeinsectspeciesdieout,other

39、sseemtobemovingintotheniches (生態(tài)位) theyhaveleft,keepingecosystemsgoing,althoughwithlessbiodiversitythanbefore.Itishardtoarguethatinsectdeclineisyetcausingsignificanteconomicdamage. Buttherearecomplications.Agriculturalproductivityisnottheonlymeasureofenvironmentalhealth.Animalshavevalue,independent

40、ofanydirecteconomiccontributiontheymaymake.Themorespeciesmakeupanecosystem,themorestableitislikelytobe.Theextinctionofafewinsectspeciesamongsomanymightnotmakeabigdifference.Thelossofhundredsofthousandswould. Andthescaleoftheobserveddeclineraisesdoubtsabouthowlongecosystemscanremainresilient (能復(fù)原的).

41、Anexperimentinwhichresearchersgraduallypulledoutinsectpollinatorsfromfieldsfoundthatplantdiversityheldupwelluntilabout90%ofinsectshadbeenremoved.Thenitcollapsed.12Giventhelackofdata,itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.Butitwouldberecklesstofindoutbyactuallytriggering

42、one. 語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了昆蟲(chóng)危機(jī)還沒(méi)有迫在眉睫,但是需要采取預(yù)防措施。否則后果不堪設(shè)想。 7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimply? A.Ecologistshavelongbeenafraidofthosedisgustinginsects. B.Ecologistsareworriedaboutthedisappearanceofsomeinsects. C.Ecologistshavealreadygotridoftheprejudicedfeelingaboutinsects

43、. D.Ecologistsarerespectfuloftheinsect’sabilitytoregeneratethemselves. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線句及其后的內(nèi)容可知,生態(tài)學(xué)家越來(lái)越多地把昆蟲(chóng)世界看作是受到驚嚇的物體,而不是嚇人的物體。在過(guò)去的兩年里,大量的科學(xué)研究表明,數(shù)以萬(wàn)億計(jì)的嗡嗡作響的蜜蜂、蝴蝶和甲蟲(chóng)正在消失。如果所有的人類都消失了,昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)家元老威爾遜寫(xiě)道,“世界還會(huì)再生……但如果昆蟲(chóng)消失了,環(huán)境就會(huì)陷入混亂?!彼酝ㄟ^(guò)威爾遜所說(shuō)的話可以判斷出,第一段中帶下畫(huà)線的句子暗示出,生態(tài)學(xué)家擔(dān)心一些昆蟲(chóng)的消失。故B選項(xiàng)正確。 8.Whatconclusio

44、ncanwedrawfromthestudiesconductedinthepasttwoyears? A.Thoughthereisadeclineinthenumberofinsects,westillhavethereasontobeoptimistic. B.Biodiversitycancauseimmediatedamagesothatweshouldtakeprecautionsrightaway. C.Datacollectedfromallovertheworldisconvincingtoproveourenvironmentisatrisk. D.Theconse

45、quenceofdecreasingbiodiversitymaybemoreseriousthanwecanimagine. 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三、四句“Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.”可知,生物多樣性減少的后果可能比我們想象的更為嚴(yán)重。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 9.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage? A.Toshowthemagicalpowerofourmot

46、hernature. B.Toanalyzewhyinsectsareontheedgeofextinction. C.Todrawpeople’sattentiontothedecreasinginsects. D.Tourgethescientiststocollectmoredataaboutinsects. 答案 C 解析 寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀全文可知,短文說(shuō)明了昆蟲(chóng)危機(jī)還沒(méi)有迫在眉睫,但是需要預(yù)防措施。昆蟲(chóng)是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的指標(biāo)。它們的衰落是一個(gè)警告,提醒我們要注意這一點(diǎn),否則一切都太晚了。所以寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是引起人們對(duì)正在減少的昆蟲(chóng)的注意。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突

47、破 (一)閱讀下列句子,并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫(huà)線部分的意思 1.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolvedinvoluntarywork.激勵(lì) 2.Thishasgivenhimadispositiontoconsiderourtraditionscritically.批判地 3.Therobberywascapturedonpolicevideocameras.記錄下,捕捉 4.Hewasnowateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.受人尊敬的

48、 5.Ourinstinctivereactionwhensomeonecausesuspainistostrikeback.反應(yīng) (二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換 6.FrenchhadamajorimpactontheEnglishlanguage.influence 7.Shestruggledtomasterherfearofheight.control 8.Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency,whilebadonesbringtheopposite. cause/resultin/bringin (三)一詞多義 9.involvevt.包含;需

49、要;涉及;影響;使參加 (1)Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheirpositions.影響 (2)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.使參加 (3)Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalking,imitating,singingandtellingjokes.包括 10.charactern.性格,個(gè)性;特征;品性,人格;人物;角色;符號(hào);文字 (1)Idid

50、n’tknowRonhadthatmuchstrengthofcharacter.個(gè)性 (2)MichaelFishismyfavourite.He’sahoot,arealcharacter.人物 (3)Schoolswerecreatedtoteachreading,mathsandmoralcharacter.人格 (4)ThefilmisautobiographicalandthecentralcharacterisplayedbyCollardhimself.角色 (5)Acharacterisaletter,number,orothersymbolthatiswritten

51、orprinted.文字;符號(hào) Ⅱ.長(zhǎng)難句理解 11.InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges,whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion,theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent. [句式分析] 本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,主句是theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent;Inares

52、earchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ);其中l(wèi)edbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ);whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 [精美譯文] 在一個(gè)由大學(xué)教授JochenMenges主持的研究中(發(fā)現(xiàn)),當(dāng)一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人做充滿激情的演講時(shí),聽(tīng)眾不太可能細(xì)致審查內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)并記住演講內(nèi)容。 12.Giventhelackofdata,itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEurope

53、andAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse. [句式分析] 本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,主句是itisimpossibletoknowhowclose...;其中how引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句;Giventhelackofdata是介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),譯為“考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏”。 [精美譯文] 考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏,不可能知道歐洲和美洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的崩潰是何等的相近。 強(qiáng)化練(二十一) Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1.Consideredtobealessdangeroustotobacco,“e-cigs”aretakingovertheWestasmoreandmorepeopleswitchove

54、rwhentryingtokickthehabit.(2019·蘇州八校高三聯(lián)考) A.adjustment B.alternative C.advertisement D.amusement 答案 B 解析 adjustment調(diào)整,適應(yīng);alternative替代物,可供選擇的事物;advertisement廣告;amusement娛樂(lè)。句意為:隨著越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始戒煙,被認(rèn)為是危險(xiǎn)程度更小的替代物——電子煙在西方國(guó)家變得流行起來(lái)了。根據(jù)句意可知使用電子煙作為煙草的替代品,故B項(xiàng)正確。 2.—Whatwaswrong?Whydidn’tyougotothepicnicassche

55、duled? —I’msorry.Iaseriously-injuredoldmantothehospital. (2019·南京六校聯(lián)合體高三月考) A.woulddeliver B.delivered C.haddelivered D.wasdelivering 答案 D 解析 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為:——出什么事了?你為什么沒(méi)有按計(jì)劃去野餐?——我很抱歉。我正在把一個(gè)嚴(yán)重受傷的老人送到醫(yī)院。結(jié)合句意可知此處是表示在過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在做某事,所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),故選D。 3.MoreandmoreproductsoftheearlyInternetarecomingtoanend

56、.ThesameistrueinChina,too,whereTencentsaysit’llWebQQonJan.1,2019. A.shutdown B.improveon C.putforth D.setoff 答案 A 解析 句意為:越來(lái)越多的早期互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品即將走到盡頭。在中國(guó)也是如此,騰訊表示它將在2019年1月1日關(guān)閉WebQQ。shutdown關(guān)閉,停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),符合語(yǔ)境。improveon改進(jìn);putforth提出;setoff出發(fā),引發(fā)。 4.EveryoneinthetouristindustryhasmadethepointthatGovernmentassista

57、nceishelpful,whattheyactuallyneedmostisforthevisitorsthemselvestoreturn. A.asB.whenC.whileD.since 答案 C 解析 句意為:從事旅游業(yè)的每個(gè)人都強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一點(diǎn),盡管政府的援助確實(shí)有幫助,但是他們真正需要的是讓游客自己回來(lái)。while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),相當(dāng)于though和although,表示“盡管”,故選C。 5.Jennyisnotinthewaytotreatherstudents.Sometimessheistootoughonthem,andsometimesshejustallow

58、sthemeverything.(2019·海安縣高三期末) A.consistent B.conventional C.considerate D.controversial 答案 A 解析 考查形容詞詞義辨析。consistent始終如一的,一致的;conventional慣例的;considerate體貼的;controversial有爭(zhēng)議的。句意為:珍妮對(duì)待學(xué)生的方式不一致,有時(shí)她對(duì)他們太嚴(yán)厲了,有時(shí)又放任他們。故A項(xiàng)正確。 6.Thecollegeannouncedthestudentsexchangeprogram,mostofstudentshavingsubmitte

59、dtheirapplicationforms.(2019·江蘇江都、華羅庚等中學(xué)聯(lián)考) A.them B.which C.whose D.its 答案 D 解析 考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:學(xué)院宣布了交換生計(jì)劃,大部分學(xué)生已經(jīng)提交了申請(qǐng)表。由于空格后面用了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),此處應(yīng)該用形容詞物主代詞,it指代Thecollege,故D項(xiàng)正確。 7.Nextdoortoours,whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime. A.arelivingablackcouple B.liveablackcouple C.areabla

60、ckcoupleliving D.doablackcouplelive 答案 B 解析 考查倒裝句。Nextdoortoours是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),置于句首時(shí)句子要全部倒裝,即主謂倒裝。句意為:我們隔壁住著一對(duì)黑人夫婦,他們似乎已經(jīng)在這個(gè)社區(qū)定居很久了。根據(jù)句意可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故選B。 8.Allrightsreserved.Thecontentaboveshallnotbereprintedwithoutpermission,thanks. A.arbitrarily B.barely C.offensively D.optionally 答案 A 解析 考查副詞辨析。句意為:

61、版權(quán)所有,以上內(nèi)容未經(jīng)允許不準(zhǔn)隨意重印,謝謝。arbitrarily隨意地,武斷地;barely勉強(qiáng),幾乎不;offensively冒犯地,討厭地;optionally有選擇地。故選A。 9.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourfigureandhealth,themosteffectivethingtodoistoshowupatthegymeverytimeyoubethere. A.can B.will C.may D.shall 答案 A 解析 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為:如果你想改善你的身材和健康,要做的最有效的事情是每一次你能去健身房的時(shí)候就一定出現(xiàn)在那里。本題can表

62、示能力。 10.—MustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends? —Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly,butdon’tthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult. A.pullyourweight B.sealyourfate C.pushyourluck D.breakyourback 答案 C 解析 句意為:——周末我必須待在家里復(fù)習(xí)功課嗎?——上次你出人意料地通過(guò)了考試,但是這次不要碰運(yùn)氣了,因?yàn)榭荚嚂?huì)難得多。pullyourweight盡最大努力;sealy

63、ourfate決定你的命運(yùn);pushyourluck再次冒險(xiǎn),繼續(xù)碰運(yùn)氣;breakyourback拼命工作。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,答話者認(rèn)為對(duì)方上次通過(guò)考試是靠運(yùn)氣,所以在提醒對(duì)方要認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)而不能再憑運(yùn)氣,故選C項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A ElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild,”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChri

64、stmas.ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround. Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?o

65、in1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones. ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱) insouth-eastBrazilisbe

66、comingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters. ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute (ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandreb

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