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1、Unit 4 Earthquakes 課時作業(yè) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·邯鄲模擬C)Have you ever noticed tiny raised areas on the branches of a tree？These may have been insects.These small insects feed on tree sap(汁液)．Insects on urban trees are notably more abundant than those on rural trees.As a result，urban trees suffer from heavy

2、 infestations(害蟲橫行)，and are often unhealthy or die.To protect and restore urban trees' health，we need to determine the factors that make these tree pests more successful in urban habitats. Living organisms interact closely with their environment.The warmer，more drought－stressed trees harbor more su

3、ccessful pests than cooler，less drought－stressed trees.As cities and natural habitats become hotter and drier，damaging insects will become more abundant on urban trees. Trees within urban forests are valuable economically and for the environmental sustainability(可持續(xù)性)of the region.More than half of

4、 the world's population lives in cities.Across the globe，people are moving into cities at a faster rate than ever.Rapid growth may turn cities into places with harder conditions.Although cities are primarily made of buildings，roads，parking lots，and vehicles，there are still plants in them.The trees w

5、ithin a city are referred to as the urban forest.Urban forests offer very big benefits to human and environmental health.They improve air and water quality，provide habitat for wildlife，cool down temperatures and beautify our environment.They make cities livable. However，being a city tree is not eas

6、y.Heat released by human activities is trapped in cities.As a result，temperatures in urban areas are often warmer than their surrounding rural areas.We call this urban warming or the urban heat island effect.Urban habitats are mostly made of surfaces of asphalt(瀝青)and concrete.These surfaces reduce

7、the amount of rainwater that reaches tree roots.As a result，urban forests may suffer，which can negatively affect people and the environment. What can we do to restore urban forests？Regular irrigation when possible may help keep pest populations under control.Planting tree species that are suitable

8、to handle heat and drought stress would also reduce the occurrence of insect pest outbreaks. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了城市中的森林使城市宜居，但是人類的活動對城市的樹木產(chǎn)生了極大的影響，所以我們應該為保護城市樹木采取行動。 1．What makes tree pests more successful in the city than in rural areas? A．The warmer and rainy habitat. B．The hotter and drier habitat.

9、 C．The cooler and drier habitat. D．The hotter and rainy habitat. 【答案】　B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段As cities and natural habitats become hotter and drier，damaging insects will become more abundant on urban trees.可知，使城市中的害蟲比農(nóng)村地區(qū)更多的原因是越來越熱和干燥的棲息地。故選B。 2．Urban forests make cities livable by ________. A．providing

10、people enough clean water B．improving the living environment C．offering people economic benefits D．lowering the temperatures 【答案】　B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段They improve air and water quality，provide habitat for wildlife，cool down temperatures and beautify our environment.They make cities livable.可知，要通過改善居住環(huán)境

11、使城市森林使城市宜居。故選B。 3．According to the text，what results in the city trees' suffering? A．Natural disasters.　　B．Invisible forces. C．Human activities. D．Natural evolution. 【答案】　C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段主要講了人類的活動對城市的樹木產(chǎn)生了極大的影響，因此，城市森林可能受到損害，這也可能對人和環(huán)境產(chǎn)生不利影響。故選C。 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Th

12、e Importance of the Urban Trees B．How to Protect the Urban Trees C．Urban Trees Are in Great Danger D．Let's Act for the Protection of Urban Trees 【答案】　D　標題判斷題。本文主要介紹了城市中的森林使城市宜居，但是人類的活動對城市的樹木產(chǎn)生了極大的影響，所以我們應該為保護城市樹木采取行動。故選D。 B (2018·天津D)Give yourself a test.Which way is the wind blowing？How many

13、kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door？If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，you'll have no trouble answering these questions. Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.A child's day is filled with fascination，newness and wonder.Curiosity gave us all a nat

14、ural awareness.But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear；we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激)，new ideas.Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple，although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits. The first step in awakening senses is

15、to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.This blocks awareness.One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students，I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream.The students began complaining about how cold it would be.We reached the

16、stream，and they unwillingly walked ahead.They were almost knee－deep when they realized it was a hot spring.Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first. Another block to awareness is the obsession(癡迷)many of us have with naming things.I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird，immediately lo

17、oked it up in field guides，and said，a “ruby－crowned kinglet” and checked it off.They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing. The pressures of “time” and “destination” are further blocks to awareness.I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp－ground

18、 with just enough time to get there before dark.It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit，to take a moment to see what's around them.I asked them what they'd seen.“Oh，a few birds，” they said.They seemed bent on their destinations. Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait.Next time you t

19、ake a walk，no matter where it is，take in all the sights，sounds and sensations.Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇議論文。跟兒童相比，成年人的觀察能力有所退化。那究竟是什么阻礙了我們重新學習觀察周圍世界的藝術呢？作者給出了答案——一是慣于預測，二是癡迷于命名事物，三是只想趕時間，到達目的地。作者建議我們花點兒時間去觀察和等待，這樣，我們就會看到生活的一個新的方面。 5．Ac

20、cording to Paragraph 2，compared with adults，children are more ________. A．a(chǎn)nxious to do wonders　 B．sensitive to others' feelings C．likely to develop unpleasant habits D．eager to explore the world around them 【答案】　D　細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第二段中的“Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adul

21、ts.(我們大多數(shù)人在孩提時代比成人后觀察得更多)”可知，孩子們更渴望探索他們周圍的世界，故答案為D。其他三項無中生有。 6．What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A．To avoid jumping to conclusions.　 B．To stop complaining all the time. C．To follow the teacher's advice. D．To admit mistakes honestly. 【答案】　A　推理判斷題。 該段中作者講述了自己的一次經(jīng)歷——學生聽“我”說“我們

22、”要過山里的一條小溪，他們就開始抱怨它很涼，不愿意往前走，但實際上這條小溪很淺，而且是溫泉。作者想借此經(jīng)歷告訴我們不要草率下結(jié)論，與本段關鍵詞stop predicting相符。故答案為A。jump to conclusions匆忙下結(jié)論；貿(mào)然斷定。 7．The bird watchers' behavior shows that they ________. A．a(chǎn)re very patient in their observation　 B．a(chǎn)re really fascinated by nature C．care only about the names of birds

23、 D．question the accuracy of the field guides 【答案】　C　推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第四段的第一句知本段講的是人們癡迷于給事物命名。觀鳥者看到一只鳥，知道它的名字后就不再去注意它，也不再去了解它正在做什么。這表明他們只關心鳥的名字，故答案為C。 8．Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey? A．The natural beauty isn't attractive to them. B．They focus on arriving at t

24、he camp in time. C．The forest in the dark is dangerous for them. D．They are keen to see rare birds at the destination. 【答案】　B　推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第五段的第一句可知，“時間”和“目的地”的壓力阻擋了人們對大自然的感知，因為急著按時趕到目的地，人們無暇顧及沿途的風景，故答案為B。 A項“自然美景對他們沒有吸引力”，曲解文意；C項“黑暗中的森林對他們而言很危險”，無中生有；D項“他們很想在目的地看到珍稀鳥類”，無中生有。 9．In the passage，th

25、e author intends to tell us we should ________. A．fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B．get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C．open our mind to new things and ideas D．try our best to protect nature 【答案】　A　推理判斷題。 根據(jù)最后一段中的take in all the sights，sounds and sensations知，作者建

26、議我們下次散步時，不管在哪里，都應該欣賞周圍的風景，聆聽周邊的聲音，好好感受我們周圍的世界，故答案為A。B項“擺脫我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械囊恍牧晳T”，非文章主旨；C項“樂于接受新事物和新思想”，無中生有；D項“盡我們最大的努力保護大自然”，無中生有。 Ⅱ.完形填空 As scientists learn more about the causes of earthquakes，they become better able to predict them.First of all，they know that quakes are __1__ to occur in areas where th

27、e tectonic(地殼構(gòu)造的)plates push __2__ each other.They __3__ these areas closely，using different instruments.They __4__ the vibrations(震動)of the earth with seismographs(地震儀)，which __5__ on rolls of paper all movements，both large and small.Scientists usually use the Richter scale(里氏震級)，__6__ after a famo

28、us seismologist，for these measurements.When an earthquake measures over 4.5 on the Richter scale，it is __7__ enough to cause damage.Scientists have determined that a(an)__8__ is not likely to have a large __9__ when many small quakes have been __10__.When the small quakes stop，then pressure __11__ a

29、nd a strong quake is more likely. There are several other __12__ to predict earthquakes.Scientists can measure the tiny __13__ in the tilt(傾斜)of the land that happen before an earthquake occurs.Increases in the amount of radon(氡)，a substance found in deep __14__，as well as a high level of water in

30、the wells，can also __15__ that an earthquake is likely to occur.In addition，scientists have found that some animals，like dogs，behave __16__ before an earthquake: they become __17__ and howl. Seismologists have __18__ predicted several earthquakes，such as the earthquake which occurred in Zhangjiakou

31、，China in 1998.__19__，not all earthquakes are predictable，and a system for predicting is not yet __20__. 1．A.possible　　　 B．likely C．probable　　 D．hopeful 【答案】　B　sb./sth.is likely to do sth.意為“某人/某物有可能做某事”。probable，possible常用it作主語。 2．A.over　　　 B．up C．on　　 D．a(chǎn)gainst 【答案】　D　push against sth.意為

32、“對某物施加壓力，擠壓某物”。 3．A.study　　　 B．learn C．search　　 D．watch 【答案】　A　本句意“使用不同的儀器，他們密切地研究這些地區(qū)”。 4．A.take　　　 B．observe C．measure　　 D．notice 【答案】　C　根據(jù)文意，他們測量地球的震動。 5．A.write　　　 B．record C．note　　 D．report 【答案】　B　地震儀將地球所有運動都記錄在紙上。 6．A.called　　　 B．given C．signed　　 D．named 【答案】　D　name sth./sb

33、.after sb./sth.意為“以某人/某物的名字命名某人/某物”。 7．A.strong　　　 B．big C．large　　 D．clear 【答案】　A　此句句意“當測量的地震超過里氏4.5級時，它就可引起強烈破壞”。 8．A.land　　　 B．plate C．a(chǎn)rea　　 D．place 【答案】　C　area指地圖上或圖表上所標明的或可以實際看到界限的某一地區(qū)或地界。 9．A.accident　　　 B．earthquake C．disaster　　 D．damage 【答案】　B　此處指科學家判斷大地震發(fā)生的可能情況。 10．A.shaking

34、　　　 B．occurring C．producing　　 D．planning 【答案】　B　occur意思為“發(fā)生”。 11．A.builds　　　 B．a(chǎn)ppears C．happens　　 D．a(chǎn)dds 【答案】　A　build(up)意思為“變得更大、更多或更強”。 12．A.methods　　　 B．things C．ways　　 D．ideas 【答案】　C　本文介紹的是科學家們預測地震的方法。 13．A.facts　　　 B．a(chǎn)mount C．figures　　 D．changes 【答案】　D　此句句意“科學家們能預測出地震發(fā)生前陸地發(fā)生

35、傾斜的微小變化”。 14．A.holes　　　 B．wells C．river　　 D．water 【答案】　B　后面有提示：as well as a higher level of water in the wells。 15．A.mean　　　 B．say C．tell　　 D．explain 【答案】　A　mean意為“意味著”。increases in the amount of radon是主語。 16．A.normally　　　 B．regularly C．strangely　　 D．curiously 【答案】　C　某些動物在地震前會表現(xiàn)得很“反常”

36、，用strangely。 17．A.excited　　　 B．pleased C．wild　　 D．nervous 【答案】　D　nervous意思為“緊張不安的，膽小的”。 18．A.luckily　　　 B．correctly C．sometimes　　 D．surprisingly 【答案】　B　本句意“科學家們已經(jīng)準確地預測了幾次地震，如1998年發(fā)生在中國張家口的地震”。 19．A.However　　　 B．Besides C．Though　　 D．Instead 【答案】　A　上下句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關系。 20．A.improved　　　 B．chang

37、ed C．perfected　　 D．finished 【答案】　C　本句意“(然而)，不是所有的地震都是可以預測的，預測地震的體系還不完善(perfect)”。 Ⅲ.短文改錯 (2019·襄陽模擬)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11

38、處起)不計分。 To show our love for poor kids lived in earthquake－h(huán)it areas，our school hold a special activity the other day in our school lecture hall.Its purpose was to making sure those poor kids have a warm winter.All the teachers and students in our school took an actively part in this activity.We ga

39、ve away 400 pieces of clothes and 200 pairs of shoe altogether.After be sorted，they will be sent to those in the need.I believe what they did will make a great difference to those poor kids.Although we all learn to care for others，the world will be more comfortable to live. 【答案】　 To show our love

40、for poor kids in earthquake－h(huán)it areas，our school a special activity the other day in our school lecture hall.Its purpose was to sure those poor kids have a warm winter.All the teachers and students in our school took an part in this activity.We gave away 400 pieces of clothes and 200 pairs of

41、altogether.After sorted，they will be sent to those in need.I believe what did will make a great difference to those poor kids. we all learn to care for others，the world will be more comfortable to live. 1．此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故把lived →living。 2．根據(jù)the other day可知句子用一般過去時態(tài)，故把hold→held。 3．此處是動詞不定式做表語，故把

42、making →make。 4．形容詞修飾名詞，故把actively →active。 5．根據(jù)200 pairs of可知名詞用復數(shù)形式，故把shoe→shoes。 6．a(chǎn)fter 是介詞，它后面應該用動名詞，所以把be改為being。 7．固定搭配：in need 需要，故把中間的the去掉。 8．句意：我相信我們所做的將會對那些可憐的孩子產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。故把they→we。 9．句意：如果我們都學會關心他人，我們將會更舒適地生活在這個世界上。根據(jù)句意可知此處是if引導的條件狀語從句，故把Although→If。 10．句意：如果我們都學會關心他人，我們將會更舒適地生活在這個

43、世界上。此處主句主語是the world，live是不及物動詞，故在live后加in，這時句子的主語就是in的賓語。 Ⅳ.書面表達 根據(jù)提示運用本模塊所學知識完成下面小作文，并背誦成文。 1．平均起來，每年都會發(fā)生各種各樣的自然災害，甚至有些會出乎人們的意料。(on average；take place) 2．昨天，一場強烈的颶風突然襲擊了該地區(qū)，導致很多房屋和車輛被毀，甚至有兩人被埋在倒塌的房屋下。(violent；strike/hit；cause；ruin；bury) 3．幸運的是，事后人們及時把他們救了出來。(luckily/fortunately) 4．在將來，有可能有經(jīng)驗

44、的專家能夠準確地(accurately)預測一些可怕的自然災害。(possibility；experienced；terrifying) __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________

45、________________________________________ 【參考范文】 On average，all kinds of natural disasters will take place every year，and even some are beyond people's expectations.A violent hurricane suddenly struck/hit the area yesterday，causing the ruin of many houses and cars.What's worse，even two persons were buried under the collapsed houses.Luckily/Fortunately，people came to save them from the ruins of the houses after it occurred.There is a possibility that experienced experts will be able to forecast some terrifying natural disasters accurately in the future. 11