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1、選修7 ?Unit?4?Sharing 重難點大串講 一． 詞匯串講 1． arrangement n. 安排；排列 Could you arrange a dinner party of ten persons? 你能安排10個人的晚餐會嗎？ 固定搭配：arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事；make arrangements for為……做安排 I have made arrangements for my journey to England. 我已為去英格蘭的旅行準(zhǔn)備好了。 2． relevant??adj. 有關(guān)的；貼切的

2、；恰當(dāng)?shù)? It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the local life. 我很榮幸告訴你一些和當(dāng)?shù)厣钕嚓P(guān)的信息。 When I am faced with a difficulty，I usuall choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.當(dāng)我面對困難時，我常常選擇參考相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)資料或網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 3．a(chǎn)djust/?'d??st/ ?vt.&vi. ①(使)適應(yīng)；(使)校準(zhǔn)；(使)調(diào)整 ②整理；使有條理

3、She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out. 她出門之前仔細地整了整衣服和頭發(fā)。 adjust(oneself) to (doing) sth ?(使某人)適應(yīng)(做)某事 adjustment/?'d??stm?nt/?n.[C]&[U]調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié) make an adjustment/adjustments to ?調(diào)整……(以適應(yīng)……) adjustable?adj. 可調(diào)節(jié)的；可調(diào)整的 4．participate??vi. (與in連用)參與；參加 Use an effective tea

4、ching style that allows people to participate in their learning. 運用一種有效的培訓(xùn)風(fēng)格讓人們參與到學(xué)習(xí)中去。 5．otherwise??conj. 否則；不然 ?adv. 用別的方法；其他方面 Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.否則的話，你可能會有這樣的問題，像紅眼、眼痛或更嚴(yán)重的情形。 6．privilege??n. 特權(quán)；榮幸 Having been born t

5、o privilege in old Hollywood，she was carrying on a family tradition by acting. 她出身于過去好萊塢的名門，繼承了當(dāng)演員的家族傳統(tǒng)。 7．donate??v. 捐贈；捐獻 She is willing to donate money to a worthy cause.她愿為高尚的事業(yè)捐款。 (1)donate...to... ?把……捐給…… 同義短語：subscribe to，donate to，contribute to等。 (2)donation ?n. 捐款；捐贈 donor ?n. 捐贈者；輸

6、血者 8．voluntary?? adj. 自愿的; 志愿的; 無償?shù)? n. 志愿者 v.自愿做; voluntarily adv.自愿/志愿地 The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的禮物不是給你所愛的人保存的，而是給那些有真正生活需要的人的一種無償捐助。 固定搭配： volunteer for sth.自愿提供某物 volunteer to do自愿做某

7、事 be voluntary to do sth.自愿做某事 We run the meals－on－wheels service on a voluntary basis. 我們根據(jù)自愿的原則，開展上門送飯的服務(wù)。 9． distribute??vt. 分配；散布；分開　distribution ?n. 分配；分發(fā) They distributed their products and the distribution took them a long time. 他們分發(fā)了他們的產(chǎn)品，這花了他們很長時間。 10．operate??vi. ①操作；運轉(zhuǎn) ②起作用；奏效 ③(常與o

8、n連用)動手術(shù)；開刀?vt. ①操作；開動 ②經(jīng)營③對……動手術(shù) For most people，it's almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse... 對大多數(shù)人而言，沒有鼠標(biāo)幾乎無法操作電腦…… operation ?n. [C] &[U]①操作；工作；運轉(zhuǎn) ②手術(shù)?③作戰(zhàn)(行動) operator ?n. [C]話務(wù)員；操作員；經(jīng)營者；企業(yè)主 11. be dying to do sth. 極想；渴望 I know you are dying to hear all about my life here.

9、 我知道你極想了解我在這兒的生活情況。 表示“渴望做某事”的還有l(wèi)ong to do sth.，desire to do sth.，be eager to do sth.，have an desire to do sth.等；表示“極想得到某物”的有l(wèi)ong for，be dying for，be thirsty for，have a strong desire for等。 After a long dry season, the trees are dying/ thirsty for water. (迫切需要水分). 12. dry out干透；使(浸水之物)干透 ( vi. & v

10、t. ); dry up (指河流等)干涸;擦干( vi. & vt. ) Your clothes will take a long time to dry out. 你的衣服要很久才能干透。 11.in need在困難中；在窮困中 We should do all we can to help those in need.我們應(yīng)該盡力幫助有困難的人。 固定搭配：in need of 需要 There is no need to do sth. 沒必要做某事 13. hear from sb. 收到某人的來信 Hearing from Fernando will give

11、you an opportunity to learn about another culture. 收到費爾南多的信將會給你了解另一種文化的機會。 hear from的賓語是人，不是letter。 They will be delighted to hear from you. (收到你的來信的). 二． 句型串講 1. To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. 老實說, 我懷疑我是否給這些孩子的生活帶來什么影響。(B7 P29) to be honest

12、 老實說; 說實話; 說實在的 相同用法： to be exact 確切地說；to be fair 公平地說 He came back home very late last night, or early this morning to be exact (確切地說). make a difference to… 對……有影響/起作用 類似短語：have an effect on… 對……有影響; make much/a great difference 有很大影響; make no/ a little/ difference沒有影響 The Internet has made a

13、 great difference to people all over the world (給世界人民帶來了巨大的影響). 2．It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family. 與湯貝一家度過一天, 真是榮幸之至。(B7 P30) It is / was a privilege to do sth. 做某事是件榮幸/難得的事 It is a great privilege (很榮幸) for me to give you a talk here. 3.8.As my students have no

14、concept of doing experiments. ?n.【哲】概念，觀念， 思想， (基本)原理， 定則， 意想 1）How do you reform ethical concept ?如何改變倫理觀念？ 2）We learn the fundamental strategic concept of Maozedong我們學(xué)習(xí)毛澤東的根本戰(zhàn)略思想。 3）Knowledge management is a concept. 知識管理是一種概念。 4）We should understand Changes in the concept of nationalism? 我們應(yīng)

15、該理解愛國主義內(nèi)涵的變遷。 5）The concept that human beings have two basic natures, the physical and the spiritual. 二元論認(rèn)為人有兩個基本屬性，物質(zhì)的和精神的屬性的觀念。 have no concept 沒有思想或觀念 Communication diagrams have no concept of the asynchronous message since its focus is not on message ordering. 交互圖并不關(guān)心異步信息傳遞，在交互圖中沒有異步的概念。

16、 4.Which took a fortnight to arrive. fortnight n.兩星期 1）In a fortnight's time I will be home. 兩星期后我會在家的。 2）He told me that my new teacher was coming in a fortnight's time.他告訴我我的新老師將在兩周后到這兒來。 3）Her daughter's birthday is Monday fortnight. 兩星期后的星期一便是她女兒的生日。 4）It's a fortnight to Teachers’Day. 離教師

17、節(jié)還有兩星期。 5）He asked for leave of a fortnight's holiday 他請了兩個星期的休假。 6）I saw him a fortnight ago. 我在兩個星期前見過他 7) The play folded within a fortnight. 那話劇演了兩個星期就停演了 a fortnight? 前一篇,舉報? In Brief Again后一篇： in a fortnight? 在兩周時間內(nèi) In a day or two. 在一兩天內(nèi)。 In two weeks from today. 離今天兩周的時間內(nèi)。 a fortnight

18、 sailing? 雙周班A Friday（Tuesday / Thursday）sailing 周五班 A bi-weekly sailing 周雙班 two weeks , fortnight 5. up to 一直到, 等于, 從事于(壞事), 忙于, 勝任, 能做, 適合, 適于 be up to sth = be busy doing sth. 忙于 It is up to sb to do sth 由某人負(fù)責(zé)做某事 1) He can earn up to $ 60,000 per year他每年可掙六萬美元。 2）She lived at home up to /

19、until her parents came back. 他一直住在家里等到他的父母回來。 3）I’m not sure if she is really up to that job. 我不能肯定她是否真的勝任哪項工作。 4）It’s up to her to decide whether or not to go on the course.是否上這門課她自己決定。 6. I’m still trying to adapt to these conditions but, one thing is … adapt (oneself) to 適應(yīng)，適合；adapt oneself t

20、o … 使自己適應(yīng)… 1）The new students are very slow to adapt to the rules. 新生對于那些規(guī)定適應(yīng)得很慢。 2） You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in. 在社會中生活就要遵循社會行為準(zhǔn)則. 3）Over the years, we all learned to adjust, to become more comfortable with each other, and to adapt to our new family arrangement. 年復(fù)一年，

21、我們都學(xué)會了調(diào)整自己，學(xué)會了彼此寬容，學(xué)會了適應(yīng)我們新的家庭規(guī)則。 4）You adapt to change quickly. 你很好地適應(yīng)變化。 5）.Develop enterprise how to adapt new situation 開發(fā)企業(yè)如何適應(yīng)新形勢 6）He is someone unable to adapt to their circumstances. 他是不能適應(yīng)他們環(huán)境的人。 adapt (oneself) to 的to是介詞，后跟名詞或動詞-ing形式。類似的詞組有 be used to? 習(xí)慣于?? be related to 與——有關(guān)??? l

22、ead to? 導(dǎo)致/通向 devote oneself to獻身于，投身于? contribute to? 為……作貢獻?? access to 接近/進入(某地的)方法? look forward to 盼望 pay attention to注意，集中注意力?? give rise to 引起 be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于?? be addicted to 沉溺于 have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to the school. 7. one thing is for sure ,I’ve b

23、ecome more imaginative in my teaching for sure for certain -adv.確實, 毫無疑問；肯定地 1)?He'll come for sure. 他肯定會來的。 2)?That ' s for sure! 這是毫無疑問的！ 3)?Let me ask for sure. 我來問問吧。 4)?No sure remedy for a cold 沒有包治感冒的靈丹妙藥 5)?I don't know for sure. 我不能肯定。 6)?Not sure what's for dinner? 不知道晚飯吃什么? 常用短語：

24、as sure as 和...一樣肯定無疑, 千真萬確地 [口]每次; 每當(dāng), 無例外 be sure of注意, 一定要做到, 使有把握? be sure that 注意, 一定要做到, 使有把握 be /feel sure of oneself 自信; 滿懷信心?? I am sure [口]的確, 真的; 一定 for sure 一定要, 必須, 必然, 毫無疑問, 肯定地, 有把握地 make sure務(wù)必要做到; 一定要做到 弄明白? not so sure [口]不一定, 沒把握 That's for sure. 那是肯定的。to be sure 自然, 固然 當(dāng)然, 的

25、確, 一定,真的! 一點不假! 1)?I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把錢放在盒子里了。 2)?Please make sure that the house is locked before you leave. 請你確信是鎖上房間后才離開的。 3)?I'm not sure about the practicality of their plan. 我還無法確定他們的那個計劃的可行性如何。 4)?We are sure to benefit from the new timetable. 我們肯定會得益于新的作息時間表。

26、 5)?There's sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house finds the window's broken. 房子的主人發(fā)現(xiàn)窗子被人打破時準(zhǔn)會大吵大鬧的。 2. imaginative--adj.想象的; 富于想象力的; 幻想的, 虛構(gòu)的 1) She is an imaginative child. 她是個想像力豐富的孩子。 2) His imaginative power came into play. 他的想象力開始起了作用。 三． 語法串講 1、定語從句的作用：修飾名詞或代詞，即對名詞或代詞進行限定或補充說明。

27、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞 關(guān)系詞：連接定語從句和主句的引導(dǎo)詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。 2、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句： 從形式上看，有逗號就是非限制性定語從句，沒有逗號就是限制性定語從句。 從意義上看，也是有區(qū)別的，區(qū)別在于限定二字上。請分析以下句子: He has a girlfriend who works abroad. He has a girlfriend, who works abroad. He never wears clothes which make him different from others. He never wears cl

28、othes, which makes him different from others. 注意：非限制性定語從句中，不可使用關(guān)系代詞that 3、關(guān)系詞的作用 關(guān)系詞和主句的關(guān)系：指代主句中的先行詞(被修飾的名詞) 關(guān)系詞和從句的關(guān)系：在從句中充當(dāng)具體句子成分,充當(dāng)主語時從句謂語與先行詞保持一致。 The teacher along with the students is (be) discussing Reading Skills that was (be) newly published in the US. 注意：關(guān)系詞指代先行詞，已經(jīng)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，不可再用代詞重

29、復(fù)指代。 4、關(guān)系詞的選擇 (1) 關(guān)系代詞：在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語 人：who \ whom \ that \ whose \ as 物：which \ that \ whose \ as (2) . 關(guān)系副詞：在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間、地點、原因狀語 時間：when 地點：where 原因：why (先行詞只能是reason) 注意：定語從句的世界里沒有what和how！ 總結(jié): 從句中缺名詞用關(guān)系代詞；不缺名詞用關(guān)系副詞 (3) 關(guān)系代詞as用于以下兩種情形 (1)先行詞被such, as many(much)和the same修飾，從句用as引

30、導(dǎo)。 Such books as you bought are useful. The computer is just the same as I bought 10 days ago. (2)先行詞為整個句子的定語從句用as或which引導(dǎo)。 ①意義上：as 含有“正如……一樣”；which則表示“這一點，這件事”。 ②位置上：as 從句可位于句首，也可在置于句末，還可插于句中；which從句只可置于句末。 He didn’t pass the exam, as/ which we had expected. He didn’t pass the exam, which we

31、 had not expected. The child stayed out all night, which made his parents very concerned. The earth, as is known to all, is round. As is often the case, we may suffer defeat every now and then. As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (4) 指人時關(guān)系詞wh

32、o(m)與that的區(qū)別。 (1)當(dāng)主句是there be句型時，關(guān)系詞一般用who(m)。 There was someone who had entered the room before the noon. (2)先行詞是anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等詞時，關(guān)系詞用who(m)。 One who falls in love can be a fool. (3)當(dāng)主句是who(m)作疑問詞時，關(guān)系詞用that，反之，先行詞是that/those時關(guān)系詞用who(m). Who is the girl that is standi

33、ng by the window? Those who break the law will be punished. (4)whom在從句中只作賓語，口語中常被who取代。但前面有介詞時，只能用whom Do you know the girl with whom the teacher is talking? (5) 在非限制性定語從句中，只能用who和whom (逗號后) She has a son, who works in a foreign language school. (5) . 定語從句中不能用which作關(guān)系代詞的幾種情況: (1)當(dāng)先行詞為 all, l

34、ittle, much, few, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞時，關(guān)系詞用that不用which。 I have forgotten everything that he told me this morning. (2)當(dāng)先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that，而不用which。 The most beautiful place that I have ever been to is Jiuzhaigou. (3)當(dāng)先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that, 而不用which。 This is the first tim

35、e that we have met. (4)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the right, the last等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which。 American audiences will see the same movie that was shown in Asia. (5)當(dāng)先行詞被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that,而不用which。 All the things that you told me are lies. (6)當(dāng)主句是以which,

36、 who, what開頭的特殊問句時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞一般用that,而不用which。 Who is the girl (that is) sitting by the lake? (7)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. (6) 定語從句中不宜用that的一般情況： (1) 在非限制性定語從句中 (逗號后) (2) 在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時 (介詞后) Chan’s restaurant on Baker Stre

37、et, which used to be poorly run, is now a successful one. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. 5、定從解題技巧 Step1：先判斷是否定語從句 (注意：定從的世界里沒有what和how) Step2：優(yōu)先考慮as和whose，代進去看合不合適 Step3：如果從句缺名詞，填關(guān)系代詞；如果從句不缺名詞，填關(guān)系副詞，只要先行詞不是reason, 此時“非時間即地點”——如果先行詞不

38、是時間，不管是不是地點，都看做地點。” 四． 話題串講 （一）話題綜述 本單元的話題是Sharing，主要涉及幫助弱者、志愿服務(wù)、合作分享等。通過聽、說、讀、寫等各種活動學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的語言知識，使學(xué)生了解世界上很多地方依然很落后，從而懂得同情，學(xué)會分享。了解一些志愿者工作的信息，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生互助合作的精神和社會責(zé)任感。結(jié)合針對短文話題的探討激發(fā)學(xué)生的國際意識，通過各種渠道力所能及地為貧困地區(qū)的孩子做出自己的貢獻。 （二） 話題詞匯 1.I am glad to do sth 2.make friends with sb 3.I come from… which is.. 4.It i

39、s one’s honor to do sth 5.Introduce sth/sb to sb 6.what’s more 7.let me tell you something about… 8.be good at doing sth 9.enjoy doing sth 10.I ’d like to participate in... 11.offer one’s help to sb 12. try one’s best to do sth 13.donate sth to sb 14.devote oneself to (三） 話題句型? 1. An

40、 increasing number of cases are being reported every day. 2. it’s thought that H1N1 flu spreads in the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses do, that is, spreading from person-to-person, mainly through the coughs and sneezes of people who are sick with the virus。 3. Faced with this sev

41、ere disease, here are some everyday measures we should take to stay healthy. 4. So, don’t be nervous and just keep calm as usual. 5. When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness. 6. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remembe

42、r it forever. 7. What they did has brought joy to other people and enriched their own lives. （四）話題典例 某英語周報近期開設(shè)了“三月學(xué)雷鋒”人物專欄，并號召各學(xué)校推薦先進人物事跡。請你以王平的身份給報社編輯寫一封信，介紹你姐姐王靜的一些情況，書信中需包含以下要點： 1. 姐姐去年到偏僻的鄉(xiāng)村擔(dān)任了志愿教師。 2. 介紹姐姐的工作環(huán)境和工作內(nèi)容。 3. 姐姐對志愿工作的看法。 4. 我的觀點。 【參考范文】 　Dear editor, I am writing to

43、introduce my sister Wang Jing, who participated in a voluntary activity and went to a remote village as a volunteer teacher last year.It is a poor village which is suffering from shortages of electricity and water. Most children have to walk a long way to school, and many of them have no textbooks.

44、 It is difficult for my sister to teach the students because she can’t understand the local dialect.My sister sometimes feels tired. However, she still believes she is making great difference to her students’ lives. She has donated all to help those children in need, regarding this voluntary work as

45、 a privilege, not a burden.I am so proud of her and given opportunities, I am willing to follow her example and help others out. I hope my introduction will meet with your requirements. It would be great if more people have the chance to know my sister and join in voluntary activities. Yours sincerely, Wang Ping 12