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1、 Unit 3 Under the sea Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Rubbish from the shipping lanes(航道) frequently washes up on UK beaches.Occasionally dangerous chemical containers appear prompting local beach collapses.The incident on the East Sussex coast on 27 August became even more serious. Although media reports focused on the

2、 beach at Birling Gap,air pollution monitors(監(jiān)視器) tell us that the affected area was much bigger.An obvious sharp rise in ozone(臭氧) was found on Eastbourne sea front at 4:45 pm and then about 30 minutes later at Lullington Heath,8km to the west and 5km inland from Birling Gap — an area of over 40 sq

3、uare km. Around 150 people received hospital treatment but the symptoms(癥狀) varied with the different concentration(濃度) of ozone discovered,suggesting that the gas was not actually ozone or that it was ozone plus something else. The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear incident prompted the development of compu

4、ter systems to observe air pollutants.These models use weather models to trace where the wind takes the polluted air.They can also be run backwards to see where it came from.During the previous 24 hours,the polluted air had traveled from the middle of the English Channel,and came ashore east of East

5、bourne,then floated west along the coast before heading out to sea again.The source was somewhere along this path. Smokes from traffic and ships are unlikely to be the cause since they are present all the time and such an incident has never occurred before.Other ideas include leaks from goods on a

6、ship. 【語篇導讀】本文是環(huán)保類文章。講述了來自航運通道的海上垃圾導致了8月27日East Sussex 海岸的污染事件,該事件致使150 人住院治療,患者的癥狀因污染空氣中臭氧濃度的不同而不同。有人認為引起此次事故的另一個原因是船上貨物的泄漏。 1.What is the area of the places in which the air is polluted by the rubbish from the shipping lanes? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.20km2. B.40km2. C.5km2. D.8km2. 答案B 解析細節(jié)理解題。

7、根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“An obvious sharp rise in ozone(臭氧) was found...—an area of over 40 square km.”可知,B項“40 km2”正確。 2.What led to the patients’ various symptoms? A.The different concentration of ozone. B.Too much ozone in the polluted air. C.The rubbish from the shipping lanes. D.The different distance f

8、rom the rubbish. 答案A 解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“the symptoms(癥狀) varied with the different concentration(濃度) of ozone discovered”可知,A項“不同的臭氧濃度”正確。 3.In which way is the polluted air observed? A.By using planes to trace it. B.By calculating how far and wide it can travel. C.By using computer systems. D.B

9、y tracing where the wind takes it and where it came from. 答案D 解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“...trace where the wind takes the polluted air.They can also be run backwards to see where it came from.”可知,D項“通過跟蹤風把污染的空氣吹到哪里并追蹤它的出處”正確。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Payeng’s tree-planting project began when he was 16,when flooding wiped a

10、way a large part of forest.Wildlife was left without enough 　1　,and Payeng watched 　2　creatures begin to die off from heat.Deeply　3　,Payeng determined to grow trees all his life.? “I　4　 the forest department and asked them if they could grow trees on the sandbar(沙洲).They said nothing would 　5　 ther

11、e.　6　,they asked me to try growing bamboo.It was 　7　,but I did it.What’s more,there was nobody interested to help me,”Payeng said.? Payeng started his forest by 　8　 bamboo saplings(幼樹)every morning and evening.He even brought red ants to the sandbar to help　9　the soil.When his bamboo trees grew,Pay

12、eng decided to slowly　10　other species of trees into the sandbar.? Through his　11　 act,Payeng changed the sandbar into a thick,green forest that　12　 numerous birds and wild animals.Payeng’s forest went largely 　13　 until 2008,when a team of state officials 　14　 it.? “We were surprised to find such

13、 a big　15　on the sandbar,” Gunin Saikia,Assam’s Assistant Conservator of Forests,said.“We are 　16　 at Payeng.He has been at it for 30 years.”? Now,Payeng makes a 　17　 with his family in the forest he planted by raising cows and selling milk,and he has his 　18　 set on planting a second forest on ano

14、ther 1,300-acre sandbar.? “It may take another 30 years,but I am　19　 about it,” Payeng said 　20　.? 【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了環(huán)保人士Payeng 堅持種樹30年,在沙洲里創(chuàng)造了一片令人驚嘆的森林。 1.A.food B.water C.shade D.space 答案C 解析結合上文可知,洪水沖走了一大部分森林。由下文“...creatures begin to die off from heat”可推知,野生生物沒有足夠的樹蔭。故選C項。 2.A.dangerous

15、B.helpless C.aimless D.fierce 答案B 解析聯(lián)系上下文可知,野生生物因為沒有足夠的樹蔭而死于炎熱,所以此時它們應該感到很無助。故選B項。 3.A.moved B.hurt C.attracted D.saddened 答案D 解析根據(jù)上文可知,森林遭到破壞,野生生物因為沒有足夠的樹蔭而感到無助。Payeng應該對此感到悲傷。sadden意為“使悲傷,使難過”,符合題意。 4.A.informed B.blamed C.disturbed D.contacted 答案D 解析根據(jù)語境可知,Payeng應該是聯(lián)系林業(yè)部門,反映情況。故選D項。 5.A.

16、grow B.live C.occur D.work 答案A 解析根據(jù)語境可知,林業(yè)部門認為沒有什么可以在沙洲中生長。grow意為“生長”,符合題意。 6.A.Therefore B.Instead C.Otherwise D.Fortunately 答案B 解析根據(jù)上文可知,林業(yè)部門認為樹木無法在沙洲中生長。因此他們反而建議Payeng種植竹子。故選B項。 7.A.pleasant B.hopeful C.meaningful D.painful 答案D 解析根據(jù)語境可知,Payeng是環(huán)保人士,由此可推知,當他聽到無法通過種樹來改變沙洲環(huán)境時,他的感覺應該是痛苦的。pain

17、ful意為“痛苦的”,符合題意。 8.A.watering B.cutting C.counting D.observing 答案A 解析根據(jù)常識及語境可知,Payeng通過每天早晚為竹子幼苗澆水開始創(chuàng)造森林。故選A項。 9.A.change B.destroy C.add　　 D.improve 答案D 解析根據(jù)上文Payeng將紅蟻帶到沙洲中可知,他希望就此改良土壤。improve意為“改善,提高”,符合題意。故選D項。 10.A.throw B.introduce C.put D.send 答案B 解析根據(jù)語境可知,竹子開始生長之后,Payeng決定慢慢引入一些其他的樹

18、種。introduce...into為固定用法,意為“將……引進,加入”。故選B項。 11.A.unique B.ridiculous C.strange D.stubborn 答案A 解析根據(jù)上文可知,Payeng通過種植竹子來創(chuàng)造森林,因此他的方法是獨特的。故選A項。 12.A.bears B.includes C.shelters D.hides 答案C 解析根據(jù)下文中“numerous birds and wild animals”可知,綠色的森林可以為鳥兒和野生動物提供遮蔽處。故選C項。 13.A.unaccepted B.unnoticed C.discovered

19、D.disapproved 答案B 解析根據(jù)上下文可知,Payeng的森林直到2008年才被注意到。not...until為固定短語,意為“直到……才”。故選B項。 14.A.studied B.researched C.came from D.came across 答案D 解析根據(jù)語境可知,Payeng的森林一直未被注意到,直到一些官員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)它。短語come across意為“偶然遇到”,符合語境。故選D項。 15.A.forest B.hero C.bamboo D.tree 答案A 解析根據(jù)語境可知,官員驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)沙洲里居然有這么一大片森林。故選A項。 16.A.p

20、roud B.disappointed C.amazed D.mad 答案C 解析根據(jù)上文中的“surprised”可知,官員不只是對沙洲里的森林感到驚訝,對它的創(chuàng)造人也感到驚訝。be amazed at為固定短語,意為“對……感到驚訝”,符合語境。故選C項。 17.A.living B.difference C.wonder D.plan 答案A 解析根據(jù)下文“by raising cows and selling milk”(靠養(yǎng)牛和賣牛奶)可知,Payeng和他的家人靠在森林里養(yǎng)牛和賣牛奶謀生。make a living為固定短語,意為“謀生”,符合題意。故選A項。 18.A

21、.company B.home C.limits D.goals 答案D 解析根據(jù)下文“planting a second forest on another 1,300-acre sandbar”可知,此處應指Payeng給自己設定的目標。goal意為“目標”,符合題意。故選D項。 19.A.anxious B.optimistic C.worried D.curious 答案B 解析根據(jù)上文“but”表轉折可知,雖然種出另一片森林可能要花費他另一個三十年, 但是Payeng對此持樂觀態(tài)度。故選B項。 20.A.determinedly B.hesitantly C.calmly

22、 D.loudly 答案A 解析根據(jù)上文可知,Payeng對種出另一片森林充滿信心,因此此處指Payeng堅定地說道。determinedly意為“堅定地”,符合題意。故選A項。 Ⅲ.語篇填空 (2018·全國Ⅱ) Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011,the country 1.　　　　　　 (grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2.　　　　　 past 25 years

23、,while rice has increased only 7 percent.? A taste for meat is 3.　　　　　　(actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.Another reason for corn’s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4.　　　　　　(improve) water quality.Corn

24、 uses less water 5.　　　　　　 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.This switch has decreased 6.　　　　　　(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.? According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7.　　　　　　(globe) fertilize

25、r consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8.　　　　　　(start) a soil-testing program 9. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carb

26、on dioxide.China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10.　　　　　(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.? 答案與解析 【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國的農作物——玉米的產量逐年增加的原因。種植玉米,不僅可以喂養(yǎng)牲畜,而且因為其生長過程澆水施肥較少,還可以減少對環(huán)境的污染,進而保護環(huán)境。 1.

27、has grown　考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的時間狀語“Since 2011”可知,此處應用現(xiàn)在完成時,且該句的主語是“the country”,故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 2.the　考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知,此處特指“過去的25年”,故應用定冠詞the表示特指。 3.actually　考查副詞。根據(jù)后文的介詞短語“behind the change”可知,此處應用actual的副詞形式,故填actually。 4.to improve　考查非謂語動詞。此處是不定式做目的狀語,故填to improve。句意:政府鼓勵農民種植玉米而非稻米,目的是提高水質。 5.than　考查形容詞

28、的比較級。根據(jù)前面的less可知,此處是形容詞的比較級,故缺少連接詞than。 6.pollution　考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“decreased”可知,空處應該是名詞做賓語,意思是“減少污染”,故填pollution。 7.global　考查形容詞。此處fertilizer consumption是名詞詞組,其前面需要用形容詞修飾,故填globe的形容詞形式。 8.started　考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語“between 2005”可知,此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,故用一般過去時。 9.that/which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,且在從句中做主語,修飾先行詞a soil-testing program,故填that或which。 10.feeding　考查特殊句式。while doing sth.“當做某事的時候”,它是while sb. is/was doing sth.的省略形式,故此處應填feeding。 6