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1、第3講? 說明文 　　 說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式，要求用簡(jiǎn)潔明快的語言來解說事物、闡明事理，從而給讀者提供知識(shí)的一種文體。近幾年高考說明文多數(shù)以圖表、表格或文字的形式給出提示，并往往融合應(yīng)用文體進(jìn)行考查，一般分為場(chǎng)所路線介紹、事物介紹、方式方法或計(jì)劃安排介紹三大類。時(shí)態(tài)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。寫說明文宜采用三段式： 第一段：主要介紹要說明的對(duì)象及說明的目的。 第二段：說明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步驟。 第三段：進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括。 1．說明方位、路線常用語 (1)．.. is located at the foot of/by the side of/to the east o

2、f/to the north of ... (2)In front of it is ..., with ... on its left and ... on its right. (3)Turning to the left, you will see ..., behind which is ... (4)Walking past ..., you will see the building that appears in front of you is ... (5)Along the road are lines of trees, casting dense shade

3、 on the sidewalk. (6)A walk around ... is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes. (7)On your left lies a(n) ..., with all kinds of ... in it. (8)Next to the door against the wall there is a(n) ..., in which we sit to watch TV every evening. 2．說明事物的特點(diǎn)或優(yōu)勢(shì)常用語 (1)．.. is a new kind of ... produc

4、ed by ..., which is ... (2)Made of ..., it is light, small, and easy to carry. (3)Containing much top and new technique, ... is famous for its excellent quality and reasonable price. (4)It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold and has mild weather. (5)Built in the 16th century, the

5、 castle has witnessed what's coming and going in history. 3．說明文格式模板 From the chart, we can learn that ________ (圖表/圖畫內(nèi)容), which reveals/reflects ________ (稍作評(píng)價(jià))． There are at least two good reasons accounting for ________ (事件). For one thing, ________ (從社會(huì)角度說明/論證). For another thing, ________ (從

6、個(gè)人角度說明/論證). For example, ________ (以自己、朋友等為例加以說明). Last but not least, ______________ (從反面角度說明/論述)． As a result, the worrying situation is urging us to ____________ (建議或措施). Only in this way can we ____________ (展望結(jié)果). In conclusion/In brief, ____________ (再次說明觀點(diǎn)). We should ______________ (進(jìn)一步說明)．

7、 下面的柱狀圖(bar chart)顯示了你校上周針對(duì)“用電腦、手機(jī)和紙媒學(xué)習(xí)”的調(diào)查結(jié)果。請(qǐng)你用英語給21st Century報(bào)社寫一篇短文，報(bào)道你校的調(diào)查結(jié) 果，并對(duì)此結(jié)果發(fā)表你的看法。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Editor， We made a survey in our school last week and I'd like to tell you something about the results.

8、 　 　 　 　 [審題謀篇通思路] 本題是關(guān)于“用電腦、手機(jī)和紙媒學(xué)習(xí)”的調(diào)查結(jié)果的寫作，可分為三段： 第一段：說明本文的目的——呈現(xiàn)上周調(diào)查的結(jié)果。 第二段：分析圖表中數(shù)據(jù)的含義——使用各種學(xué)習(xí)方式與手段所占的比

9、例。 第三段：得出結(jié)論——紙媒學(xué)習(xí)還是占主流。 [修訂提升爭(zhēng)高分] Dear_Editor，We_made_a_survey_in_our_school_last_week_and_I'd_like_ to_tell_you_something_about_the_results. As is shown in the bar chart, students using paper-based materials to study occupies 47%, followed by the percentage of 38% students, who get used to (用高

10、級(jí)詞匯替換：1.get_accustomed_to) using all the three means of study. 11% of the students surveyed prefer to use computers. Students who think smartphones can be beneficial to their study account for the rest of 4%. It is apparent that the traditional way of study that students read books and take notes w

11、ith a pen is still the choice for most students. (用apparently改寫：2.Apparently,_the_traditional_way_of_study_that_students_read_books_and_take_notes_with_a_pen_is_still_the_choice_for_most_students.) Computers or phones usage is supposed to do harm to eyesight and it is the reason why a small number

12、of students choose. (用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句改寫：3.Computers_or_phones_usage_is _supposed_to_do_harm_to_eyesight,_which_is_the_reason_why_a_small_number_of_students_choose.) As far as I am concerned, if used properly, all these means of study can benefit us. 過關(guān)檢測(cè)(限時(shí)：25分鐘/篇) (一) 請(qǐng)觀察所給的圖畫，并根據(jù)你對(duì)該圖畫的理解寫一篇英語短文，內(nèi)

13、容包括： 1．簡(jiǎn)要描述圖畫，并說明該圖畫所揭露的現(xiàn)象； 2．分析該現(xiàn)象的利弊(至少各一點(diǎn))； 3．提出自己的看法。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)； 3．文章中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校及本人姓名。 As is vividly shown in the picture, a boy is happy with the fact that 　 　

14、 　 　 　　 　 　 [精彩范文] As_is_vividly_shown_in_the_picture,_a_boy_is_happy_with_the_fact_that he can depend on the Internet to finish tasks without any difficulty.

15、Nowadays, students can get easy access to much information they need on the Internet. On the one hand, students find it convenient to surf the Internet for useful information, where problems can be solved with the help of several clicks. On the other hand, turning to the Internet too much may cause

16、 students to use their heads less. As a result, it's likely that students will not develop their potential to the full, which is not beneficial to their overall development. In my opinion, it is vital that students should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages. They should know clearly when o

17、r under what circumstance they turn to the Internet. Most importantly, they should learn to be creative. (二) 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的示意圖及其說明寫一篇100詞左右的短文，介紹No.1 Middle School。 說明： 1.①～④籃球場(chǎng)(basketball court)　⑤餐廳?、迣W(xué)生宿舍　⑦教師宿舍?、唷峄▔?flower bed)； 2.所有大樓四周都種有樹木和花草； 3.學(xué)校占地約8.7公頃。

18、 　 　 　 　　 [精彩范文] No.1 Middle School, located in the west of the city on the bank of Chengx

19、i River, covers an area of about 8.7 hectares. When you enter the school, you can see a big flower bed in front of you, and two large buildings—the library on your right and the teaching building on your left. Walking on further, you will find the gym, the most beautiful building on campus, in fron

20、t of which there is another round flower bed. Behind it, there lie four basketball courts. Next to the courts is the sports ground. Along its east side stand three buildings—the dining hall and two dormitories for the students and teachers respectively. All the buildings are surrounded by trees an

21、d flowers. It is really a beautiful school. 強(qiáng)化特訓(xùn)11　 書面表達(dá)(五)(限時(shí)：25分鐘/篇) [1] 現(xiàn)在，越來越多的年輕人喜歡在網(wǎng)上點(diǎn)餐或打電話叫外賣，不愿意自己做飯，就這一現(xiàn)象結(jié)合下面的提示，寫一篇短文。 1.陳述現(xiàn)象； 2.說明此現(xiàn)象的原因(至少兩點(diǎn))； 3.你個(gè)人的看法和選擇。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.行文連貫，語篇完整； 3.文中不得透露個(gè)人真實(shí)信息。 參考詞匯：外賣店，外賣餐館take－out restaurant

22、 　 　 　 　　 [精彩范文] Nowadays, a growing number of young people would rather order food on the In

23、ternet or call a take－out restaurant for meals than cook at home. It's not surprising for them to do so. For one thing, with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious. In their eyes, it is unnecessary to take time to cook. For another thing, home cooking food is si

24、mpler in kind and less delicious, especially for those who are particular about food. In my view, our health is closely related to what we eat. The busier we are, the more attention we should pay to food. Therefore, I prefer to cook food at home and go on a balanced diet. [2] 假定你是李華，是晨光中學(xué)的高三學(xué)生。在距

25、離高考100天的心理課上，老師給出四種物件，讓你選出自己最想保留的一件東西，和最不想要的一件東西。請(qǐng)寫出活動(dòng)中你的選擇并陳述理由，每件東西至少兩個(gè)理由，并說明活動(dòng)意義。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3.文章開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：物件 item Facing the four items put forward by my psychology teacher, I, a Senior Three student, 　

26、 　 　 　 　　 　 [精彩范文] Facing_the_four_items_put_forward_by_my_psychology_teacher,_I,_a_Senior_Three_student,_w

27、ould like to keep the textbooks and abandon the cellphone. The reasons can be listed as follows. With 100 days to go, I know, compared with other things, study must come first. I will make full use of my textbooks to improve myself to get closer to my dream every day. What's more, textbooks are the

28、 best things for me to get equipped with basic knowledge. As for the cellphone, it is the last thing to keep, for it is the biggest distraction for me. I realize being lost in a cellphone is a waste of time. Also, we, as a rule, are forbidden to use cellphones in class. I love this activity, which

29、makes me realize what I should focus on and what I should drop now. [3] 假設(shè)你是某校學(xué)生，寒假期間，你就老百姓關(guān)心的“民生”問題進(jìn)行了一次問卷調(diào)查，下面是這次問卷調(diào)查的結(jié)果。請(qǐng)根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容寫一個(gè)調(diào)查報(bào)告，并著重選擇兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，分析人們滿意或不滿意的主要原因。原因部分要求自己設(shè)想。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．文章的開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：保險(xiǎn) insurance; 民生 people's livelihood During the winter holiday, I conducte

30、d a survey on the people's livelihood in my hometown. 　 　 　 　

31、 　　 　 　 [精彩范文] During_the_winter_holiday,_I_conducted_a_survey_on_the_people's_livelihood_in_my_hometown. As is apparently shown in the chart above, 80% of the people surveyed express the satisfaction with the medical insurance and public transportation, while only 40% of them are satisfie

32、d with the prices. Employment gets the lowest satisfaction rate—only 30%, which is caused by the global financial crisis. People complain that food prices have gone up too rapidly. And so expensive are houses in the city that families with low incomes can't afford to buy one. As far as education is

33、concerned, much progress has been made. Most people approve of it, because most pupils needn't pay for the education fee. Some students are even supplied with free lunch at school. In a word, the government has been making great efforts to improve the people's livelihood, but much work remains to be done. - 8 -