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1、 Unit 4　Earthquakes [寫得準(zhǔn)] [用得活] [積得多] 1.burst vi.　　　　　爆裂；爆發(fā) 　 　　 n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā) 2.sincerely adv. 真誠地；真摯地 3.ruin n. 廢墟；毀滅 　vt. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn) 4.destroy vt. 破壞；毀壞；消滅 5.rescue n．& vt. 援救；營救 6.trap vt. 使陷入困境 　n. 陷阱；困境 7.disaster n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍 8.shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處 9.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱

2、藏 10.damage n．& vt. 損失；損害 11.shock vt.& vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng) n．休克；打擊；震驚→shocking adj.令人震驚的→shocked adj.震驚的 12.express vt.表示；表達(dá) n．快車；速遞→expression n．表達(dá)；表情 13.extreme adj.極度的→extremely adv.極度地 14.judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決→judgement n．意見；判斷力；審判 15.injure vt.損害；傷害→injury n．傷害；損害→injured adj.受傷的 16.elect

3、ricity n．電；電流；電學(xué)→electric adj.用電的；帶電的→electrical adj.與電有關(guān)的；電學(xué)的 17.frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬→frightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening adj.令人恐懼的 18.congratulation n．祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→congratulate vt.祝賀 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.I’ve known him for years and I trust his judgement (judge)． 2.The news of the sudden death of the you

4、ng famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans shocked (shock)． 3.Her family was extremely (extreme) poor and all she had was one pair of shoes. 4.After she heard the news, there was an excited expression (express) on her face. 5.Don’t forget to praise them sincerely (sincere) when some

5、one does something good. 6.The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten) 7.In the terrible crash of school bus, many children were injured,_and even some suffered severe injuries to the head and arms. The injured were rushed to the nearest hospital.(injure)

6、 8.The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate) 1.“自然災(zāi)害”相關(guān)單詞一覽 ①disaster n．　　　災(zāi)難；不幸 ②earthquake n. 地震 ③drought n. 旱災(zāi)；干旱 ④eruption n. (火山)噴發(fā) ⑤hurricane n. 颶風(fēng) ⑥tsunami n. 海嘯 2.“破壞”家族 ①dama

7、ge n．& vt. 損失；損害 ②destroy vt. 毀壞；毀掉 ③ruin n．& vt. 毀滅；廢墟 3.表示“程度”的副詞集錦 ①extremely 極度地 ②entirely 完全地 ③completely 完全地；徹底地 ④perfectly 完美地 4.“-ing/-ed”結(jié)尾的形容詞聚焦 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ [寫得準(zhǔn)] [用得活] [積得多] 1.right_away　　立刻；馬上 2.think_little/nothing_of 以為……沒什么了不起 3.at_an_end 結(jié)束；終結(jié) 4.in

8、_ruins 嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪 5.dig_out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn) 6.a_(great)_number_of 許多；大量的 7.be_proud_of 以……而自豪 8.judging_from 從……判斷 9.be_trapped_in 陷入 10.be_buried_in 埋頭于 選用左欄短語填空 1.Judging_from his happy look on the face, he must have passed the exam this time. 2.We were shocked at the news that a_(great)_numb

9、er_of firefighters were killed in the explosion in Tianjin. 3.I must warn you that my patience is almost at_an_end. 4.I was_trapped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday. 5.When I came in, he was_buried_in playing computer games in his study. 1.表示“立刻；馬上”的詞語薈萃 ①right away?、趓ight now

10、 ③at once ④in no time ⑤immediately 2.“埋頭于；專心于”的多種表達(dá) ①be buried in　 　 ②be occupied in ③be absorbed in ④be engaged in ⑤be devoted to ⑥concentrate on ⑦apply oneself to ⑧put one’s heart into ⑨fix/focus one’s attention on [背原句] [記句式] [會(huì)仿用] 1.In the farmyards, the chickens and e

11、ven the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家大院里，雞，甚至連豬都緊張得不想吃食。 too ...to ... 意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義。 我們本打算旅游兩天，但是太忙了，抽不出時(shí)間。 We had intended to take a two-day trip，but we were_too_busy_to_ afford it. 2.It seemed as if the world was at an end！ 好像世界末日到了！ as if “好像”。后常接表語從句或方式狀語從句，若表示非真實(shí)情況常用虛擬語氣。 我

12、童年的一切仿佛剛剛發(fā)生一樣。 It seemed as if everything in my childhood had_just_happened. 3.All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。 本句是部分否定。All ...not ...＝Not all ...“并不是所有的……都……”。 并非所有的肢體語言在不同的國家里都有相同的意思，例如點(diǎn)頭。 Not_all_body_language_means/All_body_language_doesn’t_mean the same thing in different countries,

13、such as nodding. 1．burst (burst, burst) vi.爆裂；爆發(fā) n．突然破裂；爆發(fā) [教材原句]　In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來。 (1)burst in/into　　　　　　　 闖入；突然破門而入 突然哭起來/笑起來 burst with anger 勃然大怒 (3)a burst of 一陣…… ①She burst out crying (cry) for a while,

14、and burst into laughter (laugh) for another moment, which left us at a loss. 她一會(huì)兒突然哭起來，一會(huì)兒又突然笑起來，這使我們一頭霧水。 ②He burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry. 他沒敲門就闖進(jìn)房間，這使我非常生氣。 2．ruin n．[U]毀滅；毀壞；崩潰；[常用復(fù)數(shù)]廢墟；遺跡 vt.(使)毀壞；成為廢墟 [教材原句]　In fifteen terrible seconds a large

15、city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒內(nèi)，一座大城市就成為一片廢墟。 (1)lie/be in ruins　　　　　 成為廢墟 fall into ruin 毀滅；滅亡；崩潰 be reduced to ruins 淪為廢墟 (2)ruin oneself 毀掉自己；自取滅亡 ruin one’s health/fame/future/pleasure 毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)/前途/好心情 ①A large number of companies and buildings were in ruins (ruin) after the expl

16、osion on August 12, 2015. 許多公司和建筑物在2015年8月12日的爆炸后成為一片廢墟。 ②If you’re addicted to computer games, you’ll ruin yourself (you). 玩電腦游戲成癮，你會(huì)毀了自己。 3．injure vt.損害；傷害 [教材原句]　Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他們中有2/3在地震中傷亡。 (1)injured adj.　　　　　　　 受傷的 the injured 傷員 (2)

17、injury n. 傷；傷口；傷害 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 傷害某人 ①But now, because my left foot was_injured (injure) in the football game, I cannot go with you as planned.(2014·北京高考書面表達(dá)) 但現(xiàn)在，由于我的左腳在足球比賽中受傷了，我不能像計(jì)劃的那樣和你一起去。 ②When we reached the scene of the accident, we were told that the injure

18、d (injure) had been sent to the nearest hospital. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)事故現(xiàn)場時(shí)，我們被告知傷員已經(jīng)被送往最近的醫(yī)院。 ③Dog owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury (injure) to other people or cause damage to their property. 如果寵物傷害他人或損害他人的財(cái)產(chǎn)，狗的主人應(yīng)該對此負(fù)責(zé)。 4．bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使專心；使沉浸；隱藏 [教材原句]　The army organized teams to dig

19、 out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 解放軍組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，將死者埋葬。 　　　　　　　 埋頭于；專心于 (2)bury one’s face in one’s hands 雙手掩面 ①Ever since he moved there, he has_buried (bury) himself in his research work. ＝Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried (bury) in his research work. 自從搬到那里以

20、后，他一直專注于研究工作。 ②Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn’t aware that all the others had left. 他專心學(xué)習(xí)，沒有意識(shí)到其他人都早已離開了。 5．judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決 [教材原句]　Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 五個(gè)裁判聽了你的演講，他們都同意這是今年最好的。 (1)judge ...fr

21、om/by ...　　 從……來判斷 judge between right and wrong 判斷是非 as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為 (2)judging by/from 從……上看；根據(jù)……判斷 ①If he had played a part in the film, he would have_been_judged (judge) to be the best actor this year. 如果他當(dāng)時(shí)出演了那部電影的話，他就會(huì)被評定為今年的最佳男演員了。 ②Judging (judge) from the above

22、story, we can draw the conclusion that we don’t judge a book by/from its cover. 從上面的故事判斷，我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論：我們不要以貌取人。 [名師指津]　judging from/by表示“從……來看；根據(jù)……來判斷”，用在句首時(shí)為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語和時(shí)態(tài)的影響。 Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)全練 1．單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子 ①It’s a wonder that the worker trapped (trap) underground for a week was found alive. ②We se

23、nt our congratulations (congratulate) to her when she passed the exam. ③(2013·江蘇高考單選改編)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins (ruin), the city took on a new look. ④What the newspaper reported did a great injury to her fame. ⑤All my students were shocked (sho

24、ck) at hearing the news that Bill devoted all his money to charity. ⑥As_far_as_I_can_judge (據(jù)我判斷), it is you rather than he are to blame for the accident. 2．一句多譯 聽到這，全班同學(xué)大笑起來，我同桌的臉變紅了。 ①Hearing this, the whole class burst_into_laughter and my deskmate’s face turned red. ②Hearing this, the whole

25、 class burst_out_laughing and my deskmate’s face turned red. Ⅱ.重難點(diǎn)多練 bury面面觀 (1)用bury的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried (bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat. ②He sank down on the ground, burying (bury) his face in his hands. (2)一句多譯 由于他埋頭于書本，所以不知道外面下雨了。 ③Because he

26、 buried_himself_in_ his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside. ④Because he was_buried_in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside. ⑤Burying_himself_in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside. ⑥Buried_in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside. Ⅲ.閱讀詞匯專練 根據(jù)語境選出sho

27、ck的詞性和詞義 (A)n.令人震驚的事　　　　　　 (B)n.休克 (C)vt.使觸電 (D)vt.使震驚 1．Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked.__C__ 2．It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.__D__ 3．Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.__B__ 4．It was s

28、uch a shock when they announced the winner was Cart.__A__ 1．a(chǎn)t an end結(jié)束；終結(jié) [經(jīng)典例句]　The long hot summer was at last at an end.(朗文P327) 漫長的酷暑終于過去了。 (1)at the end of　　　　　 在……盡頭；在……末端 by the end of 到……結(jié)束時(shí)；到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹? (常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用) in the end 最后；終于 使……結(jié)束 come to an end 完成；結(jié)束 (3)make (bot

29、h) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入為出 (4)end up with 以……結(jié)束 end up doing 最終在做某事 ①Go straight and you’ll find the hospital at_the_end_of_the_road. 一直往前走，你會(huì)在這條路的盡頭找到這家醫(yī)院。 ②The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points. 會(huì)議結(jié)束了，他記錄了很多要點(diǎn)。 ③At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he

30、 ended up apologizing (apologize)． 最初他拒不承認(rèn)有任何責(zé)任，到頭來還是道了歉。 2．a(chǎn) (great) number of許多；大量的 [教材原句]　Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 造成如此多的人員死亡是因?yàn)榈卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)人們正在睡覺。 ＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語 (2)the number of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語 ＋不可數(shù)名詞 ＋ ①Now a great number of college

31、 graduates are (be) seeking to get a high-paid job. But the number of posts available for them is (be) often not enough. 如今很多大學(xué)畢業(yè)生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但適合他們的崗位的數(shù)量卻經(jīng)常不足。 ②A great deal of money was_donated (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.(2014·廣東高考寫作) 一位普通的工人向

32、一所大學(xué)捐贈(zèng)了大量的金錢，這引起了公眾的關(guān)注。 ③With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away. 由于越來越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被沖走。 [名師指津]　“l(fā)arge quantities/amounts of＋n.”作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，而“a large quantity/amount of＋n.”作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 3．It seemed as_if the world was at an end! 好像世界末日到了！ It s

33、eemed (to sb.) that/as if ...“(對某人來說)似乎……”。 (1)如果所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的情況是真實(shí)的或是極有可能發(fā)生的情況時(shí)，句子要用陳述語氣。 (2)當(dāng)說話人所陳述的是不真實(shí)的或極少可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣。 (3)如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句的主語相同，且含有be動(dòng)詞，可省略從句主語和be動(dòng)詞，這樣as if 后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語或分詞。 ①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going_to_move. 快點(diǎn)！看起來火車要開了。 ②It was John w

34、ho broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had_done (do) it？(2014·重慶高考單選) 是約翰打破的窗戶，你為什么說我??？就好像是我做的一樣。 ③When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it were_broken (break)． 當(dāng)把鉛筆的一部分放進(jìn)水里時(shí)，它看上去好像斷了。 ④He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something. 他張開嘴好像要說什么。 4．All hope was

35、 not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。 該句是表示部分否定的句型。all ...not ...＝ not all ...，意為“并非所有的……都……”。 ①It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them. ＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all_of_them_aren’t_fit_for_them. 并非所有的求職者都能找到工作，因?yàn)?/p>

36、并非所有人都勝任這些工作。 (1)英語中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定詞not連用，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。 (2)英語中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定”。 ②I agree wi

37、th most of what you said, but I don’t agree_with_everything. 我同意你說的大部分內(nèi)容，但我并非同意你講的一切。 ③Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall. 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次參觀長城。 Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)全練 1．單句語法填空 ①Lily had to take a taxi because the box was too heavy to carry all the way home. ②The

38、 meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room. ③George is organized, easy-going, hard-working and intelligent.In a word, I can’t think too highly (high) of him. ④But fortunately, all the people took action right away and did their best to help them out of the disaster. ⑤Smell the f

39、lowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams. 2．句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①You must be very careful when you do your homework. →You can’t_be_too_careful when you do your homework. ②As a matter of fact, all the boys are not interested in playing football. →As a matter of fact, not_all_of_

40、the_boys_are_interested_in playing football. 3．運(yùn)用所學(xué)短語完成下列語段 An explosion broke out at midnight. ①A_great_number_of (大量的) firefighters were sent to the scene ②right_away (立刻). The fire spread so quickly that the building ③lay_in_ruins (成為廢墟) in no time. ④Judging_from (從……判斷) the situation, many peo

41、ple ⑤were_trapped_in (被困在) the fire.The firefighters did all they could to put out the fire and tried to carry the trapped people out. Ⅱ.重難點(diǎn)多練 1．a(chǎn) number of相關(guān)短語多棱鏡 (1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①In the past ten years a number of high buildings have_arisen (arise) where there was nothing but ruins. ②Large amou

42、nts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year. ③Large quantities of water have_been_piped (pipe) to the dry area since last year. ④As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps (keep) rising these days. (2)高考小作文 ⑤隨著學(xué)習(xí)英語的人越來越多，在漢語的上下文里理解英語并不是很困難。(2014·江蘇高考書面表達(dá)) With_the_num

43、ber_of_English_learners_on_the_rise,_it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. 2．a(chǎn)s if面面觀 (1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had_done (do) something very clever. ②School started, but I felt more and more as if I we

44、re (be) in a foreign country now. ③She walked here and there on the playground as if looking (look) for something. (2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞) ④The old man was lying on the ground as if he was hurt badly. →The old man was lying on the ground as if hurt badly. Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．It was an extremely (extreme) dif

45、ficult and dangerous task. 2．Trapped (trap) in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, waiting to be rescued. 3．What you said in the class meeting yesterday was indeed an injury to the girl’s pride. 4．With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins (ruin)．

46、 5．Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind into it. 6．On arriving there, we expressed our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success. 7．The mother, along with her two children, was_rescued (rescue) from the sinking boat by a passing ship. 8．It’s a great honour for me

47、 to be invited to make a speech here. 9．My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot. 10．Anyone who upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Judged from what he said just now, he must be an honest

48、 man.Judged→Judging 2．He was on the point of starting out while Harran cut in. while→when 3．Following the girl, we went into a hall, on which walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists. which→whose 4．It was far from Beijing, where was more than 200 kilometers away.where→which 5．The gi

49、rl was sitting on the bench in the park, buried her head in the novel.buried→burying 6．I gave him some advice, and luckily he thought high of it. high→highly 7．The little girl was so frightening that she burst out crying. frightening→frightened 8．As China develops fast and steady, a number of f

50、oreigners is learning Chinese as a second language.is→are Ⅲ.用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下列寫作訓(xùn)練 (一)依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全短文 On August 3rd, 2014, a very powerful earthquake struck Ludian, Yunnan Province. The whole nation was very surprised at the news.What frightening scenes! In a few seconds, the whole town lay_in_ruins (成為一片廢墟)

51、. It_seemed_as_if_the_world_was_at_an _end (好像世界末日到了)! A_great_number_of (大量的) houses fell down. Water and electricity were cut off. Many people were_buried (被掩埋) under the ruins! ①Judging_from (從……來判斷) the situation, there were a number of trapped_people (被困人員) waiting for the rescue. ②Fo

52、rtunately, not all the people gave up hope. They took action right_away (立刻). Therefore (however/therefore /moreover) Ludian gradually returned to normal with the help of people from the whole country. (二)按要求將詞匯句式升級(jí) 1．用本單元高級(jí)詞匯替換加黑短語 (1)a very powerful→an extremely powerful (2)very surprised→shocked 2．按要求改寫句式 (1)用定語從句改寫句① Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people who_were_waiting_for_the_rescue. (2)用全部否定句改寫句② Fortunately, none_of_the_people_gave_up_hope. 12