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1、新視野大學英語第三版 book 2 unit 1 翻譯 英譯中： English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods : Old English, Middle Engli

2、sh and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the Bri

3、tish Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American

4、cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet. 人們普遍認為英語是一種世界語言，經(jīng)常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。與其他語言一樣，英語也發(fā)生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個主要階段：古英語，中古英語和現(xiàn)代英語。英語起源于公元5世紀，當時三個日耳曼部落入侵英國，他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀和現(xiàn)代社會初期，英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17世紀初，它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現(xiàn)。歐洲幾百年的探險和殖民過程導致了英語的重大變化。今天，由于美國電影、電視、貿(mào)易和技術(shù)、包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大

5、受歡迎，美國英語的影響力尤其顯。 中譯英： 中國書法(calligraphy)是一門獨特的藝術(shù)、是世界上獨一無二的藝術(shù)瑰寶。中國書法藝術(shù)的形成，發(fā)展與漢文字的產(chǎn)生與演進存在著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長的演變發(fā)展過程中，一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨特的藝術(shù)。書法能夠通過作品把書法家個人的生活感受、學識、修養(yǎng)、個性等折射出來，所以，通常有“字如其人”的說法。中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶，而且在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨放異彩。 Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure

6、in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed

7、 into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person". As one of the treasures o Chinese culture, Chinese ca

8、lligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art. 新視野大學英語 第三版 book 2 unit 2 課后翻譯 英 翻 中 A M00C (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. M00Cs are a recent development in distance education and have no

9、w become a surging trend in higher education. These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, M00Cs provide interactive user forums to support

10、interactions between students and professors. M00Cs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course ; inspire people to "try on" subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself ; provide multiple ways

11、to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal ( 多模式的 ) learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles ; and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses. 慕課是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，它旨在通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)廣泛參與和開放接入。慕課是遠程教育邁出的最新一步，現(xiàn)已在高等教育領(lǐng)域迅速引領(lǐng)潮流。通過這些課程，大學可以擴大

12、影響的范圍，從影響成千上萬住在城里付學費的學生，擴展到惠及全球上百萬的學生。除了擁有傳統(tǒng)的課程資料，慕課還給使用者提供互動論壇，支持學生和講師之間的交流。慕課能夠促進參與者之間的交流，使得多種觀點、知識和技能涌現(xiàn)到課堂上來；它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程，至是嘗試新的教育方式；它提供多種學習課程資料的方式，鼓勵多模式學習，以各種 學習風格滿足學習者的需求；另外，慕課促進教學的改善，使技術(shù)在面對面授課中得以更好地應用。 中 翻 英 近年來，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我國的數(shù)字化教育資源建設(shè)取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的數(shù)字化學習平臺，數(shù)字化教學在教育中發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用。和傳統(tǒng)教

13、學方式相比，數(shù)字化教學方式有很大的優(yōu)勢。一方面，數(shù)字化教學使教學資源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了學習者的學習時間和空間，人們可以隨時隨地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進入數(shù)字化的虛擬學校學習。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學習成為可能。 In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up th

14、eir own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible ; on the other ha

15、nd, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning. unit 3 課后翻譯 英翻中 As an important par

16、t of the American culture value system, "individualism" is admired by most American people. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members. In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is no

17、t to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically. What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual. With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with i

18、t the responsibility: to accept the consequences of the choices. Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had a s

19、trong effect on the family. 作為美國文化價值體系的一個重要組成部分，"個人主義"受到大多數(shù)美國人的推崇。美國人認為家庭作為一個群體，其主要目的是促進家庭各成員的幸福。與許多其他文化相比，美國家庭成員的主要職責，不是在社會上或經(jīng)濟上提高整個家庭的地位。人們通常認為，什么是對個人最好的要比什么是對家庭最好的更為重要。與自由相伴而來的是照顧自己的責任，因為所選擇的自由承載了責任，即必須接受自己的選擇所帶來的后果。許多美國人給他們的孩子很多的自由，因為他們希望孩子們能夠獨立和自力更生。在美國人強調(diào)個人自由的同時，父母與孩子間平等的信念也對美國家庭產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。 中翻

20、英 孝道（filial piety）是中國古代社會的基本道德規(guī)范（code of ethics）。中國人把孝視為人格之本、家庭和睦之本、國家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家倫理思想的核心，它成了中國社會千百年來維系家庭關(guān)系的道德準則。它毫無疑問是中華民族的一種傳統(tǒng)美德。孝道文化是一個復合概念，內(nèi)容豐富，涉及面廣。它既有文化理念，又有制度禮儀（institutional etiquette）。一般來說，它指社會要求子女對父母應盡的義務(wù)，包括尊敬、關(guān)愛、贍養(yǎng)老人等等。孝道是古老的"東方文明"之根本。 Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient

21、 Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands o

22、f years. It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by

23、 the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient "Oriental civilization". unit 4 課后翻譯 英翻中 Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love and romance usually by e

24、xchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers. There are different origins regarding the festival. One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods. On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christi

25、an, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness. The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed "From your Valentine". Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones. Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in differ

26、ent ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people. 美洲和歐洲各國都會慶祝2月14日的情人節(jié)。這是一個充滿愛情和浪漫的節(jié)日，戀人之間通常都會交換情人卡和愛情信物

27、。關(guān)于這個節(jié)日的起源有著不同的說法。一個傳說是羅馬人把一個叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關(guān)進了監(jiān)獄，因為他拒絕相信羅馬神。2月14日那天，瓦倫丁被處死，不僅因為他是基督徒，而且因為他曾治愈了一位監(jiān)獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名“你的瓦倫丁”的告別信。后來，2月14日就成了一個人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節(jié)日?，F(xiàn)在，人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節(jié)，他們發(fā)送賀卡、鮮花，贈送巧克力或其他禮品，或共進浪漫的晚餐?，F(xiàn)在這個節(jié)日已流行世界各地。在中國，這個節(jié)日也正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。 中翻英 農(nóng)歷七月初七是中國的七夕節(jié) (Qixi Festival)，是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個節(jié)

28、日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動，年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此，七夕節(jié)被認為是中國的“情人節(jié)”(Valentine's Day)。七夕節(jié)來自牛郎與織女（Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的傳說。相傳，每年的這個夜晚，天上的織女都會與牛郎相會。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河 （the Milky Way）相會。姑娘們也會在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧，以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時代的變遷，這些活動正在消失，唯有標志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間。 July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Fe

29、stival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese "Valentine's Day". The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of C

30、owherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy ma

31、rriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk. unit 5 課后翻譯 英翻中 The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period

32、of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth

33、through the establishment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds

34、 producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view a

35、nd distant civilizations acknowledging each other. 大發(fā)現(xiàn)年代，也被稱為大勘探年代，是歐洲進行全球勘查的一個歷史時期，始于15世紀初并一直持續(xù)到18世紀。這一時期通常被認為是中世紀和近代之間的橋梁，當時西方帝國主義剛興起，歐洲各王國之間正在經(jīng)濟上互相競爭，他們想通過建立貿(mào)易路線和殖民地來尋找財富。在這一時期眾多偉大的探險家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗?哥倫布，因為他發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸。歐洲的海外擴張導致了殖民帝國的崛起，舊大陸與新大陸的接觸也促成了兩邊的互相交換：大量的植物、動物、食物、文化等得到遷移。這代表了歷史上生態(tài)、農(nóng)業(yè)和文化在全球范圍內(nèi)最重大的

36、活動之一。歐洲大勘探讓繪制全球性的世界地圖成為可能，從而使人們看到一個新的世界與古老的文明正遙相呼應。 中翻英 絲綢之路（Silk Road）是我國古代一條連接中國和歐亞大陸（Eurasia）的交通線路，由于這條商路以絲綢貿(mào)易為主，故稱"絲綢之路"。作為國際貿(mào)易的通道和文化交流的橋梁， 絲綢之路有效地促進了東西方經(jīng)濟文化交流和發(fā)展，對世界文明進程有著深遠影響。當前，在新的歷史條件下，我國提出了"一帶一路"（One Belt, One Road）（即"絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶"和"21世紀海上絲綢之路"）的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想。"一帶一路"以合作共贏為核心，強調(diào)相關(guān)各國的互利共贏和共同發(fā)展。這一戰(zhàn)略一經(jīng)提出即受到沿

37、線各國的積極響應。 The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name "the Silk Road". As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cult

38、ural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of "One Belt, One Road" (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Mar

39、itime Silk Road). The strategy of "One Belt, One Road" focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road. un

40、it 7 課后翻譯 英翻中 The color and style of a wedding gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants. For example, in Western cultures brides often choose a white wedding dress, while in China the traditional wedding dress is in red. Though white has become the most preferred colo

41、r for wedding gowns across the world today, this was not a widespread trend before the Victorian era. White became a popular option in 1840, when Queen Victoria wore a white gown at her wedding. The official wedding photograph was widely published, and many brides chose white to become the followers

42、 of the Queen. Many people believed that the color white symbolized virginity, though this was not the original intention. As far as the style is concerned, wedding dresses were once typically short in the front with a longer train in the back. This tendency continued until the late 1960s, when it b

43、ecame popular to revert to long, full-skirted designs. 婚紗禮服的顏色和款式可取決于婚禮參與者的宗教和文化。例如，在西方文化中新娘通常會選擇白色的婚紗，而在中國，傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)婚禮服是紅色的。雖然白色已成為當今婚紗禮服在世界各地最受青睞的顏色，可是這在維多利亞時期之前并不是一個普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成為了一個受歡迎的選擇，那年維多利亞女王在她的婚禮上穿了一件白色的禮服。官方的婚禮照片被廣泛刊登后，很多新娘都仿效女王選擇白色。很多人相信白色象征著童貞，盡管這不是她們選擇白色的初衷。就款式而言，婚紗禮服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是長長的裙擺。這

44、種趨勢一直持續(xù)到20世紀60年代后期，那個時期全長裙邊的設(shè)計恢復了流行。 中翻英 中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)，因而有很多與絲綢相關(guān)的藝術(shù)，刺繡（embroidery）就是其中的一種。刺繡是中國民間傳統(tǒng)手工藝之一，至少有兩、三千年的歷史。從事刺繡的多為女子，因此刺繡又被稱為"女紅"（women's needlework）。刺繡在中國受到了人們廣泛的喜愛。刺繡可用來裝飾衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套（pillowcase）等物品上繡上美麗的圖案，也可制作成特別的飾品（ornament）。中國有四大名繡: 蘇州的蘇繡、廣東的粵繡、湖南的湘繡以及四川的蜀繡。各種繡法不僅風格有差異，主題也各有不同。在這其中，蘇州

45、的蘇繡最負盛名。 China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts. Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called "women's needle

46、work". Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people. It can be used to beautify clothing and things. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament. There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme. Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.