(浙京津魯瓊專版)2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 四 文章出處或讀者對象題學(xué)案 新人教版
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1、四、文章出處或讀者對象題 (2019·全國Ⅲ,D) Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined
2、—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward. Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldfl
3、ashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice; iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample. Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgofortheh
4、ighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination. Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing
5、,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分) ofthesmallernumbertoit. “Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,”DrLivingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimen
6、twhatthey’redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.” 語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院科學(xué)家Margaret Livingstone帶領(lǐng)他的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論:猴子能算算術(shù),且它們對大數(shù)值的關(guān)注勝過小數(shù)值。 32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem? A.Theyfedthem. B.Theynamedthem. C.Theytrainedthem. D.Theymeasuredthem. 答案 C 解析
7、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.”可知答案為C。 33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment? A.Bydrawingacircle. B.Bytouchingascreen. C.Bywatchingvideos. D.Bymix
8、ingtwodrinks. 答案 B 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice; iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.”可知答案為B。 34.WhatdidLivingstone’steamfindaboutthemonkeys? A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.
9、 B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords. C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily. D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong. 答案 A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知,研究人員在進(jìn)行了數(shù)百次測試后發(fā)現(xiàn),猴子多半時候會選擇更高的值,這表明它們是在進(jìn)行計(jì)算,而不僅僅是記憶每個組合的值。故選A。 35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear? A.Entertainment. B.Health. C.Education. D.Science. 答
10、案 D 解析 文章出處題。根據(jù)全文可知,本文講述了科學(xué)家們通過科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出猴子能夠算算術(shù)的結(jié)論。由此可知,該文章可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學(xué)版上。故選D。 一、題型解讀 幾乎所有話題都可能涉及文章出處、文章類別或讀者對象題。設(shè)問形式常有: (1)Thispassagewouldprobably/mostlikelybefoundin. (2)Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom/outof. (3)Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom? (4)Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor. (5)Whattypeo
11、fwritingisthispassage? 二、解題技巧——內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)巧判斷 1.利用內(nèi)容判斷文章出處 (1)文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱→newspaper (2)推銷介紹新產(chǎn)品→advertisement (3)文章中有clickhere等網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語→website (4)旅游勝地方面的介紹→travelguide (5)時尚、名人或娛樂方面的介紹→magazine/journal/entertainmentsection (6)科普知識→sciencereport (7)文化教育類文章→educationsection 2.利用內(nèi)容判斷文章類別 (1)旅游景點(diǎn)方面
12、的介紹:travelguide (2)新產(chǎn)品/新書/新影片/演出介紹:advertisement (3)活動介紹:notice/announcement (4)文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱:news (5)科普知識/研究介紹:science report/studyreport 3.確定讀者對象 先確定文章主題,再根據(jù)文章具體細(xì)節(jié)判斷讀者對象。 例如:【真題感悟】中第35題,通讀整篇文章可知,該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家MargaretLivingstone帶領(lǐng)他的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對猴子進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的研究結(jié)果。這屬于“科學(xué)研究”范疇,故該文應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報紙的“科學(xué)”板塊。故選D項(xiàng)。
13、 A (2019·湖北十堰模擬) Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious,asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(無手機(jī)恐懼癥) 8affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek,researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfo
14、undthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore,shareand1accesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones,wordssuchas“hurt” (neckpainwasoftenreported) and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia. “Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedsel
15、vesandget2attachedtothedevices,”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhen9separatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile,anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure. Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety?ProfessorM
16、arkGriffiths,psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity,saysitiswhatisonthephonethat4counts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo (fearofmissingout). “WearetalkingaboutanInternet-connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives,”saysGriffit
17、hs.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.” 11Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory,wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives,isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”,itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheyc
18、an’tseewhat’shappeningonSnapchator,theybecomepanic-strickenaboutnotknowingwhat’sgoingonsocially.“Buttheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandthere’snoInternet,”saysGriffiths. 語篇解讀 本文為說明文。當(dāng)今社會的許多人成了手機(jī)控,只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會出現(xiàn)無手機(jī)恐懼癥,會感到焦慮不安,好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系。這是因?yàn)槿藗儼阎悄苁謾C(jī)當(dāng)作存儲、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。 1.Whichofthefoll
19、owingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith? A.Wewastetoomuchtimeonphones. B.Phoneshavebecomepartofsomeusers. C.Addictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer. D.Phonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三、四句,第二段中的“usersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices”及最后一段第三句可知,現(xiàn)在的
20、手機(jī)已成為許多人生活的一部分了,分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。 2.AccordingtoGriffiths,wegetnomophobiabecause. A.weareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonus B.weneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformation C.weworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoing D.wefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“...itiswhatisontheph
21、onethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo (fearofmissingout).”可知,社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓人們害怕錯過朋友們發(fā)的東西,擔(dān)心不知道朋友在做什么,分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)正確。 3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage? A.Inaresearchreport. B.Inafashionbrochure. C.Inasciencetextbook. D.Inapopularsciencemagazine. 答案 D 解析 文章出處題。本文主要敘述了當(dāng)今社會的許多人已成為手機(jī)控及他們成為手機(jī)
22、控的原因。有的人只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會出現(xiàn)無手機(jī)恐懼癥,感到焦慮不安,好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系,這是因?yàn)橹悄苁謾C(jī)是人們存儲、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。這種文章一般會出現(xiàn)在科普雜志上。故選D項(xiàng)。 B (2019·山東臨沂質(zhì)檢) Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips,yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions. VaticanMuseums:VaticanCity TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachy
23、ear,andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson,seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia,recommendschoosinga3skip-the-linetour.“Thisnotonlyletsyouavoidtheticketcounter,butalsoincludestheuseofaprivatepartnerentrance.”ExtratimetovisittheSistineChapel? Yes! BambooForest:Kyoto,Japan BambooFo
24、restisthemostworthysightinKyoto.Ifyou’re10longingtoenjoythepathwaysandtakepicturesintotalquietness,KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible—think7a.m.ifyou’reupforit.Don’tmissthesehiddentreasuresyoucanonly5witnessinJapan. ChichenItza:Yucatán,M
25、exico HometoElCastilloandtheTempleoftheWarriors,ChichenItzaisamust-see.Wanttobeattherush? Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.Ledbyanarchaeologistguide,it’sfulloffascinatinginsightsandfacts—withouttonsofpack-wearingtourists. LouvreMuseum:Paris,F(xiàn)rance TheLouvreisoneofthemo
26、stpopularmuseumsontheplanet.12Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn’tthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis,consider6purchasinga7reservedticket.Thiswillgiveyouentrytothepyramidwithinahalf-hourwindow.TheLouvreisalsoopenuntil9∶45pmonWednesdaysandFridays,ifyou’reupforsomelate-nightartvisits. 語篇解讀 本文是一則廣告。文章介
27、紹了四個旅游景點(diǎn),提供給“為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。 4.WhatisrecommendedatVaticanMuseumsbyChristieHudson? A.Queuingforfourhours. B.Jumpingthewaitingline. C.Takingaskip-the-linetour. D.VisitingtheSistineChapel. 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VaticanMuseums:VaticanCity的第一、二句“TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear,andqueue
28、scanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson,seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia,recommendschoosingaskip-the-linetour.”可知答案為C。 5.Whichofthefollowingareavailableforearlytouriststoavoidtherush? A.VaticanMuseumsandBambooForest. B.ChichenItzaandBambooForest. C.BambooForestandLouvreMuseum. D.C
29、hichenItzaandLouvreMuseum. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)BambooForest:Kyoto,Japan中的“KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible”和ChichenItza:Yucatán,Mexico中的“Wanttobeattherush? Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.”可知選B。 6.Whomightthi
30、spassagebeintendedfor? A.Visitorsinterestedinmuseums. B.Guidesatthetouristattractions. C.Peopleattheticketcounter. D.Touriststobeattherush. 答案 D 解析 讀者對象題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips,yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.”可知,這篇文章可能是寫給“為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。故
31、選D。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子,并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1.Insomelessdevelopedareas,peopleareeagertoaccesstomedicalcare.使用 2.Thoughfarawayfromherhome,sheisveryattachedtoherfamilyandfriends.依戀 3.Whatpercentageofyourclassmatesregularlyskipbreakfast,themostimportantmealoftheday?跳過,不做 (二)同義詞語替換 4.Itisnothowmuchyo
32、ureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.matters/makesadifference 5.Shehadthegiftofwordstohelphergetthroughthehardship,heartacheandmajorsocialchangesshehadtowitnessfirsthand.see 6.Tabletsareespeciallyusefulforcollegestudentsbecausestudentscanpurchasee-booksordigital(數(shù)字的) versionsoftextbooksandstorethemallino
33、neveryportableplace.buy 7.Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.booked (三)一詞多義 8.a(chǎn)ffectv.影響;使感動;使感染 (1) Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestorysharedbythehomelessboy.v.使感動 (2)Withofficialaid,thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.v.影響 (3)Diseasesaffectalmosteve
34、ryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.v.使感染 9.separateadj.單獨(dú)的,分開的v.分離;區(qū)分;隔開 (1)EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheChannel.v.隔開 (2)Thecapacitytothinkseparateshumansfromotheranimals.v.區(qū)分 (3)Useseparateknivesforrawandcookedmeat.adj.單獨(dú)的,分開的 (4)Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igotseparatedfrommyfriends.v.分離 10.longa
35、dj.長的;長期的adv.長期地;長久地v.渴望 (1)Itdidn’ttakelongtorepairthetable.adv.長期地 (2)Daisyhadalwayslongedtohelpendangeredspeciesofwildlife.v.渴望 (3)Theagreementshouldhaveverypositiveresultsinthelongterm.adj.長期的 Ⅱ.長難句理解 11.Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory,wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseithol
36、dsdetailsofourlives,isasmallpartofnomophobia. [句式分析] 本句是主從復(fù)合句,主句的謂語動詞是thinks,后面的attachmenttheoryis...asmallpartofnomophobia是賓語從句。在該賓語從句中,where 引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞theory;because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,其中的holds表示“持有”。 [精美譯文] 格里菲斯認(rèn)為,依戀理論是無手機(jī)恐懼癥的一小部分。根據(jù)依戀理論,我們對手機(jī)產(chǎn)生情感依賴,因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)掌握著我們生活的細(xì)節(jié)。 12.Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn’t
37、thewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis,considerpurchasingareservedticket. [句式分析] 本句是主從復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句,主句是一個祈使句。在該if從句中,waitingaroundinlinetogetin作主語,所以謂語動詞需要用單數(shù)形式。 [精美譯文] 如果在巴黎逗留時,你不喜歡排隊(duì)等候進(jìn)入,那就考慮提前訂票。 強(qiáng)化練(十五) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·河南六市一模) Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,ther
38、e’salwaystheriskyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.Butthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepast,thankstoJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnology. Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweat
39、herforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidity(濕度) andlightsensors(傳感器) tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder. Th
40、eforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions,suchasrain,withinaperiodoftime,suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular,itmaycloseoneormorewindows,orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarly,windowscouldbedarkenedusingelec
41、trochromic(電致變色的) glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast. Althoughitisunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon,suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere’snohumandriverpresent,thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassen
42、gers,basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming. 語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)技術(shù),它的天氣預(yù)報系統(tǒng)通過傳感器來預(yù)測天氣變化并對車輛自身進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 1.HowwillJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers? A.Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves. B.Vehiclescanfindpositionsand
43、routesthemselves. C.Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations. D.Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically. 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知,捷豹路虎最新的技術(shù)可以讓車輛像移動的天氣預(yù)報站一樣,幫助車輛預(yù)測天氣變化并調(diào)整車身以適應(yīng)變化,從而造福駕駛員。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 2.Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology? A.Itcanhelpadjusttheinside
44、temperature. B.Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays. C.Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces. D.Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine. 答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Similarly,windowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的) glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”可知,采用新技術(shù)的汽車玻璃的顏色會隨著陽光而改變。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 3.Whatcanwek
45、nowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext? A.Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining. B.Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable. C.Itcan’tpredicttheweatheraccurately. D.Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather. 答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段末句“Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnow is coming.”可知,天氣預(yù)報系統(tǒng)使得
46、無人駕駛汽車在惡劣天氣下更安全。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 4.Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom? A.Abookreview. B.Asciencereport. C.Asciencefictionstory. D.Atravelbrochure. 答案 B 解析 文章出處題。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)技術(shù),因此本文應(yīng)該出自一份科學(xué)報道。故B選項(xiàng)正確。 B (2019·遼寧沈陽市郊聯(lián)體一模) DowomenmakeBETTERastronauts?Russialocksanall-femalecrewinspacesimulator(太空模擬器) f
47、oreightdaystofindout.SixRussianwomenhavebeensentintoaspaceshiptobeginauniqueexperimenttestinghowanall-femalecrewwouldrelatetoothersonatriptotheMoonandback. “It’sinterestingforustoseewhatisspecialaboutthewayafemalecrewcommunicates,”saidSergeiPonomaryov,theexperiment’sleader.“Itwillbeparticularlyinte
48、restingintermsofpsychology,”saidtheinstitute’sdirectorIgorUshakov.“I’dliketowishyoualackofconflicts,eventhoughtheysaythatinonekitchen,twohousewivesfindithardtolivetogether,”headded. Thevolunteersincludescientificresearchers,adoctorandapsychologist.Thetestperiodsimulates(模仿) aflighttotheMoonandback,
49、withthewomencarryingout10experimentscoveringpsychologyandhumanbiology.Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace,ValentinaTereshkova,in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.Lastyear,itsentitsfourthfemaleastronautintospace,YelenaSerova.SerovacomplainedofagreatdealofmediainterestinhowshewouldwashherhairaboardtheInternati
50、onalSpaceStation,pointingoutthatmaleastronautsdidnotfacethesamelineofquestioning. Thewomenfoundthemselvesfieldingquestionsatapressconferenceabouthowtheywouldactwithoutmenormakeupforeightdays.“Weareverybeautifulwithoutmakeup,”saidparticipantDaryaKomissarova.HercolleagueAnnaKussmaulwasmoredirect:“Wea
51、redoingwork.Whenyou’redoingyourwork,youdon’tthinkaboutmenandwomen.”Theyplantospendtheirfreetimewatchingfilms,readingandplayingboardgames.TeamleaderYelenaLuchnitskayasaidsheexpectedthewomentodealwithanyconflict. 語篇解讀 本文屬于科普說明文,主要介紹了俄羅斯做的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于女性是否能成為更好的宇航員的實(shí)驗(yàn)。 5.Inwhichcolumncanyoufindthispassageon
52、awebsite? A.Education. B.Entertainment. C.Science. D.Economy. 答案 C 解析 文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,文章涉及太空實(shí)驗(yàn)的問題,所以可推知,從網(wǎng)站的“科學(xué)”欄目中能夠看到此文。故選C。 6.What’sthepurposeoftheexperiment? A.Toshowthatwomencandobetterthanmen. B.Totestwhetherwomencanbegoodastronauts. C.Togatherinformationabouttheconditionsinspace. D.To
53、measurethedistancefromtheearthtothemoon. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第三句可知,本實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的在于驗(yàn)證女性在太空中如何表現(xiàn)及她們能否成為更好的宇航員。故選B。 7.WhatdoweknowfromwhatIgorUshakovsaid? A.Womencannotlivepeacefullyinspaceatall. B.Theremaybeconflictsamongthewomenastronauts. C.Thefemalecrewwilldealwitheachotherinanewway. D.Beinginth
54、esamekitchenhelpsthewomenlivetogether. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,IgorUshakov提到有些人說在一個廚房里兩個家庭主婦都無法很好相處,那么在太空中女宇航員在空間極其有限的情況下可能會偶爾沖突。而且關(guān)鍵信息句“I’dliketowishyoualackofconflicts”也表達(dá)出了IgorUshakov對女宇航員間發(fā)生小摩擦的預(yù)估。故選B。 8.Whichofthefollowingwasoncesentintospace? A.SergeiPonomaryov. B.DaryaKomissarova. C.A
55、nnaKussmaul. D.ValentinaTereshkova. 答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace,ValentinaTereshkova,in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.”可知,ValentinaTereshkova曾經(jīng)被送入太空。故選D。 C (2018·浙江新高考名校聯(lián)考信息卷五) Evenbeforewewereborn,weknewourmother’svoiceandcoulddistinguishitfromothervoices.That’soneofth
56、ekeyfindingsofanongoingresearchprojectbyCanadianandChineseresearchers.Theresearchsuggeststhatwhilewearestillinthewomb(子宮),ourbrainsarelearningspeechpatternsandlayingthegroundworkforlanguageacquisition.“Beforebirth,thebrainisbeingsetuptolearnlanguage,”saysBarbaraKisilevsky,whoconductedtheresearch. I
57、thadalreadybeenknownthatnewbornbabiesshowapreferencefortheirmother’svoice,butherlatestresearchshowstheyalsopreferthatfamiliarsoundwhilestillinthewomb.KisilevskycarriedoutthefirstlegoftheresearchinChina,becauseshealreadyhadaresearchprojectunderwaythereandthisfitnicelywiththatwork. Workingwithresearc
58、hersatZhejiangUniversity,Kisilevskytested60womeninthefinalstageofpregnancy.Allthemothersweretape-recordedastheyreadapoemoutloud.Thenthemothersweredividedintotwogroups.Halfthefetuses(胎兒) heardtherecordingoftheirownmother.Theotherhalfheardthatofanothermother,butnottheirown. Inbothcases,thepoemcauseda
59、changeinthebaby’sheartrate.Theheartrateacceleratedamongthosewhoheardtheirownmother’svoice,anddeceleratedamongthosewhoheardavoiceotherthanthatoftheirmother’s. Decelerationoftheheartrateis“anattentionmechanism(機(jī)制)”,Kisilevskysays.Theheartbeatamongfetuseswhoheardanunfamiliarvoicesloweddown,shesays,bec
60、ausetheywerepayingcloseattentiontoavoicetheydidnotrecognize.Thefactthattheheartbeatchangedinbothcases—upforMom,downforsomeoneelse—showsthefetuses“noticedbothvoices”,shesays,andcouldtellonefromtheother. Bytheway,thepoemisimmaterialhere.Kisilevskysuspectsshewouldhavehadthesameresultsifthemothershadbe
61、enreadingaphonebook.“It’snotthecontentthatthefetusesrecognized,”shesays.“Weallhaveourownwayoftalking.Westopatdifferenttimes,takebreathsatdifferenttimes,andthat’swhattheyarerecognizing.” 語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)胎兒對聲音的識別的研究。 9.Whatledtothechangeinfetuses’heartrateacccordingtotheresearch? A.Theirfa
62、miliaritywiththevoice. B.Thequalityoftherecordings. C.Theircuriosityabouteverything. D.Thecontentofthepoemrecorded. 答案 A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知,胎兒在聽到不熟悉的聲音時,它們的心跳會減慢,因?yàn)樗鼈儼迅嗟淖⒁饬Ψ旁诹怂鼈儾荒茏R別的這個聲音上。由此可知,在研究中,胎兒對聲音的熟悉度的不同導(dǎo)致了它們心率的變化。故選A。 10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? A.Adultstalkinawayqui
63、tedifferentfrombabies. B.Kisilevskyfirmlybelievesherfindingsareapplicable. C.Speechpatternsarewhatfetusesrecognizeintellingvoices. D.Differentexperimentalmaterialscanleadtodifferentresults. 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容,尤其是最后兩句可知,胎兒在辨別聲音時識別的是人們的說話方式,即他們的語言模式。故選C。 11.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwerea
64、dthispassage? A.Medicine. B.Lifestyle. C.Education. D.Science. 答案 D 解析 文章出處題。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)胎兒對聲音的識別的研究,它最可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學(xué)專欄上。 Ⅱ.七選五 (2019·廣東深圳高級中學(xué)適應(yīng)性考試) Youforgottosetyourwake-upalarm.Asyouslowlycometorealizethatyou’regoingtobeextremelylateforschoolorwork,youbegintogetintoapanic.12Soyouleavehom
65、estressed,hungryandthirsty.Ifyouoftenstartyourdayinsuchastressedstate,thenyou’llbesuretobenefitfromthesuggestionsbelow. Wakeupontime.Wakingupontime(orevenearly) isnecessarytostartyourdaypositively.13Andyouwon’tneedtorusharoundatthelastminute. Makeyourbed.Makingyourbedisprobablythelastthingyouthink
66、aboutwhenyouarepreparedinthemorning.Thishabitmaybeokayforstudents,butifyouwanttoincreaseyourmotivationandproductivity,youshoulddefinitelymakeyourbed.14 Takea10-minutewalkinthemorning.Ifyouhaveadog,thenthiswillbeaneasytaskforyou.However,evenifyoudon’townadog,whynottrywalkingfor10minutesoutsideeverymorning? 15 16Organizedpeopletendtodothiswork.Ithelpsthemkeeptrackofwhatneedsdoingathome,workandbeyond.Themorningtimeisperfectforcheckingyourto-dolist.Youmayalsofindthatyoucandeletesomeitemst
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