《（通用版）2019高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二板塊 完形填空 第二講 句群精讀活用方法穩(wěn)抓保分題目講義》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（通用版）2019高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二板塊 完形填空 第二講 句群精讀活用方法穩(wěn)抓保分題目講義（9頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第二講句群精讀，活用方法，穩(wěn)抓保分題目 通過第一步的通覽文章，明白了文章大意、內(nèi)容梗概后，接下來便是精讀文章，做題的過程。完形填空80%以上的題目都是基礎(chǔ)題目，也就是上文提到的句內(nèi)、句組層次題。對(duì)于這些題目，使用“題文齊讀法”在文章的通讀環(huán)節(jié)可預(yù)判解答一部分，但這些題目最終答案的確定則需要精讀文章，做到解題有理有據(jù)、有法可依。 句內(nèi)層次題的解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解題信息就可直接做答。對(duì)于此類題目，考生可以邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復(fù)原。 方法1 利用習(xí)慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)解題 完形填空中經(jīng)常會(huì)考查一些習(xí)慣搭配、固定結(jié)構(gòu)和固定句式，這時(shí)考生就需要運(yùn)用

2、習(xí)慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)來解題。 [典例]　(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)I was 43.thrilled! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44.meet. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. 45．A.bathed　　　　　　 B．clean C．deep D．formed [分析]　選A　本題可以利用習(xí)慣搭配解題。此處意為“海灣沐浴在陽光中”，be bathed i

3、n為固定搭配，表示“沐浴在……中”。 方法2 利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景解題 完形填空的語篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識(shí)?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己掌握的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會(huì)大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，從而輕松地做出正確判斷。 [典例]　(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Getting a little 46.closer,_I realized one kayak (皮劃艇) was in 47.trouble. “Something's not 48.right！” I took off my T

4、-shirt and __49__ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50.shaking violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped __51__ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52.occurred

5、to me. Those brown eyes were very 53.familiar. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I 54.knew. That stranger was my son! 49．A.stared B．sank C．dived D．fell 51．A.lead B．persuade C．carry D．keep [分析]　49.選C　51.選C　這兩道題可以利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景解題。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，第49題我注意到一個(gè)皮劃艇出了

6、意外情況，我自然是脫掉T恤衫，“跳進(jìn)”水里救人，dive意為“跳水”；第51題作者和一位教練雙臂連接，兩個(gè)人一起應(yīng)該是將這個(gè)不省人事的年輕人“抬”出了水面，用carry表示“抬”。 方法3 利用對(duì)應(yīng)成分分析法解題 完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關(guān)系，它使句子的各個(gè)成分之間形成一定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。考生可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系找出與未知填空相對(duì)應(yīng)的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。 [典例]　(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networkin

7、g website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.” 59．A.smart B．calm C．sweet D．fair [分析]　選C　本題可以利用對(duì)應(yīng)成分分析法解題。 從上述分析可以看出，第59題與kind形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。因?yàn)橛衋nd這一并列連詞，并且and前后意思應(yīng)該一致，表示“他做這件事真是太友好和善良了”。故選C。 方法4 利用邏輯關(guān)系解題 此

8、方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案，主要應(yīng)用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語；二是考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。 [典例]　(2016·全國卷Ⅲ) We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, __28__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 29.accident. 28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus [分析]　選C　本題可以利用邏輯關(guān)系解題。本空考查連詞。連詞的作用就是

9、將其前后文的已知信息銜接起來，因此可以利用邏輯關(guān)系來解題，即通過分析該未知填空前后文的已知信息的邏輯關(guān)系來確定本題應(yīng)該填入表達(dá)何種邏輯關(guān)系的連詞。 通過上述分析得知本空前后文的已知信息是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此答案是but。and表示并列關(guān)系；then表示順承關(guān)系；thus表示因果關(guān)系。 方法5 利用語境暗示分析法解題 上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評(píng)價(jià)、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關(guān)系。在句內(nèi)層次題中，我們通?？梢酝ㄟ^上下文語境暗示，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。 [典例]　(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)The instructors called for a

10、n ambulance. __55__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner. 55．A.Fortunately B．Frankly C．Sadly D．Suddenly 56．A.return B．relax C．speak D．leave [分析]　55.選A　56.選D　這兩道題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文的“after a brief stay in hospital”

11、，“well enough”和“l(fā)ater the family met up for dinner” 這些暗示中我們可知Ben“很幸運(yùn)”，“被允許出院”。 句組層次題是比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級(jí)的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時(shí)需前瞻后顧，綜合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。 方法1 利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題 復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來表達(dá)某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境，利用文章中的語義復(fù)現(xiàn)來選擇正確的答案。

12、 [典例1]　(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, 41.wrong number！” and move on. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something 43.special. 42．A.received　　　　　　 B．translated C．copied

13、D．printed [分析]　選A　本題可以利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。第42空是上文“get”的同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A項(xiàng)。 [典例2]　(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experien

14、ce at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手語)． 41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal [分析]　選A　本題可以利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。第41空是上文“explore”的近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A項(xiàng)。 方法2 利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題 在高考完形填空文章中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時(shí)重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速

15、確定某些題目的正確答案。 [典例]　(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41.last seen him. So imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. 42．A.delight B．relief C．a(chǎn)nger D．

16、worry [分析]　選A　本題可以利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題。前文提到作者已經(jīng)13年沒見過自己的兒子了，因此當(dāng)兒子發(fā)來郵件說他想來看望作者時(shí)，作者應(yīng)該是感到高興(delight)，故A項(xiàng)符合語境。 方法3 利用邏輯關(guān)系解題 在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。 [典例]　(2016·全國卷Ⅱ) Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (裝置) on your desk.And they've never actually 41.met you.Ev

17、erything they know about you 42.came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away.__43__ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the 45.telephone is. 43．A.Thus B．Yet C．Then D．Indeed [分析]　選B　本題是典型的考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系的題目，可以利用邏輯關(guān)系解題。 通過上述對(duì)本空前后文已知

18、信息的分析，能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)上下文之間是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此答案可以確定為選項(xiàng)B.Yet。thus“因此”；then“隨后”；indeed“的確，確實(shí)”。 方法4 利用語境暗示分析法解題 在句組層次題中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文的語境暗示來解題，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。 [典例]　(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44.informing him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the __45__ of a baby.

19、“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis 46.responded. The baby was born and update texts were ing_in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. 45．A.wake-up B．recovery C．growth D．a(chǎn)rrival [分析]　選D　本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文“The baby was born”這一暗示信息可知，一對(duì)夫婦正在等待寶貝的降臨，因此選arrival“到來

20、，降臨”。 [課堂應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)]　 Most people say “I'm sorry” many times a day for a host of trivial (瑣碎的) things.These apologies are easy and usually readily __1__， often with a response like, “No problem.” __2__， when “I'm sorry” are the words needed to

21、 right truly hurtful words or acts, they can be the hardest ones to __3__.And even when an apology is offered with the best of intentions, it can be seriously __4__ by the way in which it is worded.A poorly worded apology can __5__ lasting anger and __6__ an important relationship. I admit to a lif

22、etime of challenges when it comes to __7__， especially when I thought I was right or __8__.But I recently __9__ that the need for an apology is less about me than the person who is __10__ by something I said or did or failed to do.I also learned that a sincere apology can be extremely __11__ for the

23、 recipient (接受者) as well as the __12__. After learning that a neighbour who seemed __13__ due to my small errors, I wrote a __14__ and apologized for my __15__.I said I wasn't asking for __16__， merely hoping that we could have a harmonious __17__， and then delivered the letter with a jar of my hom

24、emade jam. Expecting nothing __18__， I was greatly relieved when my doorbell rang and the neighbour __19__ me for what I had said and done.I felt as if I'd not only got rid of a(n) __20__ but made a new friend, which is indeed how it played out in the days that followed. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。不找任何借口，帶著誠意與

25、尊重為自己的過失道歉，不僅會(huì)減少一個(gè)敵人，而且會(huì)多交一個(gè)朋友。 1．A.accepted　　　　　　　 B．found C．proved D．remembered 解析：選A　根據(jù)該空后的“often with a response like, ‘No problem.’”可知，大多數(shù)人每天為各種微不足道的小事說許多次“對(duì)不起”，這些道歉容易做到，通常也易于“接受(accepted)”。 2．A.Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 解析：選C　根據(jù)上文中的“easy”與下文中的“hardest”的對(duì)比可知，該空前后兩個(gè)句子之間是

26、語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故However符合語境。 3．A.say B．gain C．forget D．control 解析：選A　根據(jù)該空前的“to right truly hurtful words or acts”可知，但是當(dāng)“對(duì)不起”是為了彌補(bǔ)確實(shí)很傷人的話語或行為時(shí)，就會(huì)成為最難“說(say)”出口的話。 4．A.described B．weakened C．recorded D．trusted 解析：選B　根據(jù)下文中的“poorly worded”與選項(xiàng)中的“weakened”近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)可知，即便你是本著最大的善意道歉，也有可能因?yàn)榇朕o不當(dāng)而被“削弱(weakened

27、)”。 5．A.depend on B．look on C．take in D．result in 解析：選D　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，措辭不當(dāng)?shù)牡狼笗?huì)“導(dǎo)致(result in)”持久的憤怒，也會(huì)“破壞(destroy)”一段重要的關(guān)系。 6．A.continue B．manage C．judge D．destroy 解析：選D　參見上題解析。 7．A.lying B．dreaming C．a(chǎn)pologizing D．praising 解析：選C　根據(jù)空后“especially when I thought I was right”可知，作者承認(rèn)“道歉(apologi

28、zing)”是人生的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是當(dāng)他認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的，或被“誤解(misunderstood)”時(shí)。其中right與misunderstood是并列關(guān)系。 8．A.admired B．worried C．misunderstood D．delighted 解析：選C　參見上題解析。 9．A.discovered B．expected C．promised D．feared 解析：選A　根據(jù)“But”提示和該空前后語境轉(zhuǎn)折可知，“that the need ...failed to do”是作者最近“發(fā)現(xiàn)(discovered)”的道理。 10．A.moved B．hu

29、rt C．a(chǎn)ttracted D．criticized 解析：選B　根據(jù)該空后的“by something I said or did or failed to do”可知，被自己所言、所行或未能做到的事“傷害(hurt)”到的人，更需要“我”的道歉。 11．A.simple B．impossible C．beneficial D．interesting 解析：選C　根據(jù)下一段的具體事例可知，真誠的道歉不論對(duì)接受者還是“給予者(giver)”而言，都是非常“有好處的(beneficial)”。 12．A.quitter B．giver C．lover D．rescuer

30、 解析：選B　參見上題解析。上文“recipient”和選項(xiàng)中的“giver”之間是反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。 13．A.excited B．puzzled C．embarrassed D．a(chǎn)nnoyed 解析：選D　根據(jù)該空后的“due to my small errors”以及“apologized for”語境暗示可知，鄰居因作者的一些小錯(cuò)誤而“感到惱火(annoyed)”。 14．A.letter B．book C．story D．poem 解析：選A　根據(jù)第17空后的“delivered the letter”提示可知，作者寫了一封“信(letter)”。此處為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

31、 15．A.jokes B．mistakes C．excuses D．decisions 解析：選B　根據(jù)第13空后的“small errors”和選項(xiàng)中的“mistakes”之間是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，故作者為自己的“錯(cuò)誤(mistakes)”道歉。 16．A.introduction B．suggestion C．forgiveness D．encouragement 解析：選C　根據(jù)該空后的“merely hoping that we could have a harmonious __17__”以及下一段中的“Expecting nothing”可知，作者并不請(qǐng)求“原諒(

32、forgiveness)”。 17．A.occupation B．relationship C．community D．situation 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文可知，因作者的錯(cuò)誤破壞了他與鄰居之間的關(guān)系，那么作者道歉的初衷只是希望保持一種和諧的“關(guān)系(relationship)”。 18．A.in total B．in turn C．in brief D．in return 解析：選D　聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容可知，作者并不期待任何“回報(bào)(in return )”。 19．A.thanked B．changed C．comforted D．helped 解析：選A　根據(jù)該空前的“greatly relieved”可知，鄰居“感謝(thanked)”作者所說的話和所做的事。 20．A.worker B．relative C．neighbour D．enemy 解析：選D　根據(jù)該空后的“but”轉(zhuǎn)折可知，該空與“a new friend”形成對(duì)比，故enemy符合語境。此處“friend”與“enemy”是反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。 9