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1、二、觀點態(tài)度題 (2018·浙江,C) Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(裝配線) onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem. ModernAmeric
2、awasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmer
3、icanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory. In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocie
4、tyintoanindustrialpower. ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990. Theproblemsofexcessive(過度的) energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefea
5、rstheworst,buthopesforthebest. Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.” 語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。其主題是“人與社會”,介紹了美國經(jīng)典的“汽車文化”,它
6、對美國各方面的影響是巨大而深遠的。汽車給美國人民帶來便利的同時,也帶來了很多問題,例如能源的過度消耗、氣候變化以及污染等。素材的選擇旨在向考生傳遞一種科學的世界觀:看待事物一定要一分為二,分析利弊,趨利避害,利用事物好的方面為人類服務(wù)。 28.WhyishamburgermentionedinParagraph2? A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar. B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture. C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmerican
7、s. D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem. 答案 B 解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture...eventhehamburger.”可知,汽車塑造了某些最持久的美國文化,其中就包括漢堡。由此可知,汽車對于漢堡文化的形成,影響是非常大的。所以,在第二段中提及漢堡,就是為了表明汽車對于美國文化有相當大的影響。故選B項。 29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto? A.Declineofe
8、conomy. B.Environmentalproblems. C.Ashortageofoilsupply. D.Afarm-basedsociety. 答案 B 解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.”可知,驅(qū)動美國夢的汽車導致了全球性的生態(tài)災(zāi)難,即汽車的使用引起了環(huán)境問題。故選B項。 30.WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture? A.Ambiguous. B.Doubt
9、ful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant. 答案 C 解析 觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟) isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知,F(xiàn)riedman認為綠色經(jīng)濟是使美國保持實力的一個機遇。由此可知,他對美國的未來充滿了希望。故選C項。 一、題型解讀 所謂作者的觀點和態(tài)度,就是表達作者對某個話題、行為、事件的看法、感覺或判斷。作者的觀點和態(tài)度一般分為三大類:支持、贊同、樂觀;客觀、中立;反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里
10、行間。因此,在推斷過程中,應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭,尤其是表達感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。此類試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對某事所持的態(tài)度、觀點或看法,或推斷文中人物的語氣、性格等。設(shè)問形式常有: 1.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowards...? 2.Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...? 3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...? 二、解題技巧——“忠于措辭”定選項 1.文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的觀點或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中,注意文中作者或人物的措辭。 (1)正確掌握字
11、里行間所隱含或流露的意思,切不可用自己的觀點來代替作者或文中人物的觀點。 (2)留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語言及表達情感、態(tài)度或觀點的詞語或句子。 (3)結(jié)合平時所積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風俗習慣等的背景知識來進行合理的推斷。 (4)關(guān)注首段首尾句,推斷文章主題,確定作者觀點。 2.要分清選項中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反對或否定的詞語,再以此對照文章內(nèi)容。下面是一些常見的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語: (1)表示支持或肯定的詞語 favorable贊同的,有利的;positive積極的,肯定的,確實的;supportive支持的;approval贊成,正式批準;reasonable合
12、理的;enthusiastic熱情的等。 (2)表示反對或否定的詞語 critical批評的;negative否定的,消極的;disapproval不贊成;impractical不實際的;radical激進的;prejudiced有成見的,偏頗的等。 例如:【真題感悟】中第30題,根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟) isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知,F(xiàn)riedman認為綠色經(jīng)濟是使美國保持實力的一個機遇。由此可知,他對美國的未來充滿了希望。故選C項。 A (2019·如皋市高三
13、二模) Oursocietyisgenerallybecomingoneof6giantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanha
14、sbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement. Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob,butalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionof
15、interestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthe1fundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings. Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsome10resp
16、ects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedfor2intelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofobedienceandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain—bythepsychologists,forwhomtest
17、ingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellowcompetitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness. AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproduc
18、tionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhich
19、manandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman. 語篇解讀 本文為說明文。人們的工作和生活條件在逐漸變好,但人在社會中卻變得無足輕重。雇員憂慮的不僅是失業(yè),還因為他們無法獲得生活的真正樂趣,生活在各種各樣的憂慮與壓力之中,才無幸??裳浴R虼俗髡呓ㄗh將社會體系由一個以最大
20、限度的生產(chǎn)和消費為目的的官僚主義管理下的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系過渡到一個以充分發(fā)揮人的潛能為其全部社會工作之目的的人道主義產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。 1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis. A.anecessarypartthoughthefunctionofeachisinsignificant B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofsociety C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofsociety D.
21、anirreplaceablecomponentofsocietywhenworkingsmoothly 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。文章第一段指出,人成了社會大機器中微小的、潤滑良好的齒輪,高工資和通風良好的廠房便是潤滑油,但事實上人是無能為力的,藍領(lǐng)工人和白領(lǐng)階層都是毫無自主權(quán)的經(jīng)濟傀儡。由此推斷,雖然工作生活條件不錯,但人在社會中卻是無足輕重的,故選C。 2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat. A.theyaremorelikelytolosetheirpresentwork B.theyhavenor
22、ealsatisfactionorinterestinlife C.theyareconfrontedwiththefundamentalrealities D.theyaredeprivedofindividualityandindependence 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。文章第二段點明了工人和雇員憂慮的原因,分析上下文可知,其真正原因是情感與理智上獨立的個體、富有創(chuàng)造性的人的生存狀態(tài)被忽視,分析選項可知,A和B只是部分原因,不全面;C項與文章內(nèi)容相悖。故選D項。 3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelo
23、ngstothose. A.whoalwaysliveatthebottomofthesociety B.whotendtobehigherupintheirsocialstatus C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors D.whocoulddipfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。由文章第二、三段可知,社會底層者、社會上層者和競爭中的勝利者都無法脫離充滿競爭的生存環(huán)境,因而都生活在各種各樣的憂慮與壓力之中,所以都無幸??裳裕挥羞h離這個充滿競爭的社會的人才可能獲得幸福,故選D。
24、 4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof. A.approval B.dissatisfaction C.suspicion D.sensibility 答案 B 解析 觀點態(tài)度題。文章最后一段提到,作者建議將社會體系由官僚主義下的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系過渡到人道主義的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,由此可知,作者對現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)業(yè)體系的態(tài)度是不滿的。dissatisfaction不滿意。故選B。 B (2019·南京高三三模) Babieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirely
25、lose.Bytheageofone,theycanrecognisethe3significantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.11Whenwehavelostthis7capacityasadults,itbecomesenormouslydifficultto4distinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansuseto
26、conveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,butfewlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificantnoises—thephonemes(音素) ofalanguage—eachcoverarangeofsoundsandsovague5distinctionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages. Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydothey8shiftovertime?Newresearchsuggeststhat
27、theapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We’dratherthinkoflanguageastheproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.9Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth. Huntergathererlanguagesseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodental
28、s(唇齒音)—thosesuchasfandv—thataremadebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethem,forexample.Butinculturesthathavediscoveredfarming,theseconsonants(輔音) aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.Eith
29、erway,theyneedtochewmuchless,andtobitelesswiththeirfrontteeth.Sofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音) ones:oneexampleisthatfcametotaketheplaceofp.Romanssaid“pat
30、er”butEnglishspeakers (unlessthey’reRees-Moggs) say“father”. Beyondtheseparticularchanges,thestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning,andthemeaningcan’texistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedtothepure
31、lyphysical,asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.Thefoodweeatshapesourjaws,andourjawsinturnshapethesoundsofourlanguage.Theeasewithwhichweeatprobablyshapesourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.12Whatweeatmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage,buthowwee
32、atchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.Afamilymealisverydifferentfromasandwichattheofficedesk,evenifthecalorieisthesame.FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate (味覺). 語篇解讀 這是一篇說明文。主要敘述了人們一直以來認為語言是思想的產(chǎn)物,但是有新的研究表明飲食對于語言也會產(chǎn)生一些影響。且以f和v的發(fā)音為例,揭示了農(nóng)民們發(fā)“f”和“v”音的原因是他們喜歡吃
33、更多的熟食。同時這也強調(diào)了人類特有的一切都是物質(zhì)和精神的結(jié)合:語言必須把聲音和意義結(jié)合起來,沒有真實的物體,意義就不可能存在或傳播。 5.Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmoreeasily. A.createsignificantnoises B.classifytheformsofnoises C.understandtheGreeklanguage D.distinguishmeaningfulsounds 答案 D 解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Bytheageofone,theycanrecognizethesignificantn
34、oisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.”可知,一歲的嬰兒和成人相比更能識別出周圍的重要聲音,故選D。 6.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage? A.Lipsandteeth. B.Jobsandhabits. C.Ageandregions. D.Foodandthinking. 答案 D 解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容,尤其是其中的diet,productofthought和“Inreality,though,anygivenlangua
35、gemustbeboth.”可知,食物和思想都有助于塑造語言。因此答案選擇D。 7.Thereasonforfarmers’makingsoundsof“f”and“v”is. A.enjoyingmorecookedfoods B.bitingmorewithfrontteeth C.constantlychewingharderfoods D.growingupwithlagerlowerjaws 答案 A 解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergat
36、herers.”可知,農(nóng)民比狩獵采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品,即農(nóng)民們發(fā)“f”和“v”音的原因是他們喜歡吃更多的熟食。故選A。 8.Bywritingthispassage,theauthorintendstoreveal. A.jawshelpshapeourthought B.fooddeterminesourthought C.diethassomeinfluenceonlanguage D.languageconsistsofsoundandmeaning 答案 C 解析 觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlya
37、rbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.”和文章最后的“FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate (味覺).”可知,作者寫這篇文章想要揭示的是:飲食對語言有一定的影響,故選C。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子,并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1.Freshairisfundamentaltogoodhealth.根本的,基礎(chǔ)的 2.Useyourintelligence,
38、andyouaresuretoachievesomething.聰明才智 3.Theelevator’sroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.重要的 4.Beforebirth,babiescandistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.分辨 5.Weshouldmakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.區(qū)別,區(qū)分 (二)同義詞語替換 6.Itcomesasasurprisetolearnthatgian
39、tfishareterrifyingthe drivers.huge/big/large 7.Wecan’timaginehowpowerfulachild’scapacityforlearningis.ability 8.Weneedtoshiftthefocusofthedebate.change 9.Outwardlysheseemedconfidentbutinrealityshefeltextremelynervous. in(actual)fact/ineffect/intruth/actually/asa matteroffact (三)一詞多義 10.respect
40、vt.尊敬;尊重;遵守n.尊敬;尊重;問候;關(guān)系;方面 (1)Tomisreallygoodatcomputer.Hehasnosuperiorinthisrespect.n.方面 (2)Shehasalwaysbeenhonestwithme,andIrespectherforthat.vt.敬重 (3)Intheworldeveryoneisequalandeveryoneshouldrespectthelaw.vt.遵守 (4)Friendshipisbuiltuponrespectforeachother.n.尊重 (5)Givemyrespectstoyourparents
41、.n.問候,致意 Ⅱ.長難句理解 11.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults,itbecomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker. [句式分析] 本句為主從復合句,when引導的是時間狀語從句;thatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker為that引導的定語從句。 [精美譯文] 當我們作為成年人失去這種能力時,要區(qū)分截然不同于母語者的聲音就變得相當困難。 12.Whatweea
42、tmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage,buthowweeatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress. [句式分析] 本句話是but連接的兩個并列句;在前一分句中Whatweeat是主語從句;在后一分句中howweeat是主語從句;howwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress是兩個并列的賓語從句。 [精美譯文] 我們所吃的食物可能已經(jīng)塑造了我們語言的發(fā)音,但是我們吃的方式改變了我們的感覺和我們用語言來表達的東西。 強化練(二十) Ⅰ.單項填空 1.Onlythehop
43、ethattherescuersweregettingnearerthetrappedminers. (2019·蘇州八校高三聯(lián)考) A.suspended B.subscribed C.sustained D.suspected 答案 C 解析 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意為:救援者越來越近,這唯一的希望支撐著深陷井下的礦工們(生存的信念)。suspend懸,掛;subscribe訂閱;sustain維持,支撐;suspect懷疑。分析句子可知,thattherescuersweregettingnearer為同位語從句解釋說明hope,根據(jù)句意,希望支撐著礦工,故選C。 2.Itis
44、evidentthatJameshasmadeasimplemistakeinhisjob,butdon’tscoldhimtoomuch;heisagreenhand.(2019·海安縣高三期末) A.bycontrastB.moreof C.atrandomD.atbest 答案 D 解析 bycontrast相比之下;moreof更大程度上的;atrandom任意地;atbest最多,充其量。句意為:很明顯,詹姆斯在工作中犯了一個小錯誤,但不要過于責備他,他充其量就是個新手。故D項正確。 3.—Whatdoyouthinkofhersuggestion? —,itwouldbe
45、muchmoresensibletotalkaboutitlater. A.UsuallyB.Generally C.ActuallyD.Exactly 答案 C 解析 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為:——你覺得她的建議怎么樣?——事實上,稍后再談?wù)撨@件事情會更明智一些。usually通常地,平常地;generally普遍地,廣泛地;exactly恰好,精確地;actually事實上,實際上,一般用于說明個人觀點或者糾正他人觀點。故選C項。 4.—Ihadmycomputerstoleninmyoffice,butluckilythepolicegotitbacktome. —Howunb
46、elievable!Thethiefit. A.needhavesold B.mighthavesold C.shouldhavesold D.musthavesold 答案 B 解析 考查虛擬語氣。句意為:——我的電腦在辦公室被偷了,但幸運的是警察把它還給了我?!y以置信!小偷本來可能賣掉它的。mighthavedone在句中表示過去本可能發(fā)生但實際上并沒有發(fā)生的事。故選B。 5.tofindingwaystomakemusicaccessibletoallchildrenisMsThompsonwithatouringcompanyofprofessionalmusicians
47、. A.Devoting B.Devoted C.Beingdevoted D.Havingbeendevoted 答案 B 解析 考查固定搭配和倒裝。固定搭配:bedevotedtodoing...?;謴统烧UZ序是MsThompsonisdevotedtofindingwaystomakemusicaccessibletoallchildren...,把be動詞后面的部分提前就變成了devotedto...is...,選B。 6.—Andwhathaveyougottosay? —ThereisonepointI’dlikeyouradvice.(2019·江蘇江都、華羅庚等中
48、學聯(lián)考) A.whichB.what C.whereD.that 答案 C 解析 考查定語從句。句意為:——你有什么要說的?——有個我想聽聽你建議的地方。先行詞為point,從句中不缺主謂賓,所以關(guān)系詞作地點狀語,用where引導這個定語從句。故C項正確。 7.Thereisonlyonewaytoobtainhappinessandthatistoworryingaboutthingswhicharebeyondthepowerofourwill. A.ceaseB.recall C.acknowledgeD.guarantee 答案 A 解析 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意為:獲得幸
49、福的唯一方法就是停止擔心超越我們意志力的事情。cease停止;recall回憶;acknowledge承認;guarantee保證。根據(jù)句意可知,選A項。 8.Thepolicehaveanyonewithinformationtocomeforwardandtalktothem. A.appealedtoB.attendedto C.respondedtoD.attachedto 答案 A 解析 appealto呼吁;attendto出席,參加;respondto做出反應(yīng);attachto附屬于。句意為:警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出來與他們交談。由句意知選A。 9.Membersh
50、ipofthisclubisopentothosewhoareitsaim. A.insaluteto B.inhonourof C.inlinewith D.insympathywith 答案 D 解析 句意為:這個俱樂部的會員對那些贊同其宗旨的人開放。insaluteto向……致意,贊揚;inhonourof為紀念,為慶祝;inlinewith跟……一致,符合;insympathywith贊同,和……一致。根據(jù)句意,故選D。 10.—Whatwouldyouliketodothisweekend? —.It’suptoyou.(2019·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三聯(lián)考) A.Whate
51、verB.Definitely C.GoaheadD.Goodidea 答案 A 解析 考查情景交際。Whatever無論什么;Definitely明確地;Goahead前進;Goodidea好主意。句意為:——這個周末你想做什么?——做什么都可以。由你決定。故選A。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A High-sugardietsraiserisksforheartdisease,obesityanddiabetes,butwedolovethesweets,sohealthexpertshavetriedtosuggestalternatives,andhoneyhasbeenforemosta
52、mongthem. Honeyisactuallysweeterthansugaris,whichmeans,intheoryatleast,thatyoucouldenhanceflavorequallywithasmallerquantityofhoney.Buthoneyactuallyhasahighercaloriecount.Itmayhavemoreminerals,whichlooksbetteronalabelbut,inreality,thesearesuchtraceamountsthattheydon’tofferanyrealadvantages. Honey’s
53、reputationasamedicineisnotwhollyunfounded.Somehoneydoesindeedhaveantibacterialproperties.Onebyproductofenzymesinhoneyishydrogenperoxide,apowerfulgermkiller.Plus,honey’stextureandconsistencyaregoodforkeepingwoundsclean,andbadforbugsthatmightwanttoinfectthem.Honeyismoistanditsgooeyconsistencymeansitca
54、neasilyspreadoverandstayoverwoundswhilekeepingthetissuefrombecomingdryandfragile.Thestickysubstancemeansbacteriacannotaccumulateandmultiplyeasily.Itisparticularlywell-knownforfightingbacterialikestaph,salmonella,E.Coliandcertainbacteriathatcaninfectthegutandcauseulcers. However,scientistscanonlysay
55、thisforsureaboutMakunaandMalaysianTualanghoney.Wedon’tknowyetwhetherlocalhomegrownhoneyhasthesamepotencyorsafety.Ahotcupofteawithsomehoneystirredincertainlysoundslikeitwouldmakeyoufeelbetter.Butit’sdifficulttosayforsurethatitwill. Whenyouhaveacold,contactwithwarmwater (fromtea) mayhelptobustupphleg
56、m(痰)thatblocksyourairways.Butsomesuspecttherealsecrettothequalitiesofacuppaisinthehoney.Therearestudiesthatsuggestthathoneydoesworkaswellorbetterthancoughsuppressant(抑制性的)drugslikeRobitussin. Mostofthese,however,wereconsideredbytheacademicworldtobewidelymisinterpretedbythemedia.Oneofthefindingsthat
57、seemedtohavegiventhehoneytrendsomeadditionallegscamefromastudythatsaidtherewas“nodifference”,statisticallyspeaking,betweenhoneyandoneparticularcoughsuppressant. 11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? A.Honeyhasmoremineralsthansugar. B.Honeycanbeusedtotreatwounds. C.Thesweetnessinhoneycanfightbacteri
58、a. D.Allkindsofhoneycanactasmedicines. 答案 B 解析 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句“Plus,honey’stextureandconsistencyaregoodforkeepingwoundsclean,andbadforbugsthatmightwanttoinfectthem.”可知,蜂蜜可以用來治療傷口。故選B。 12.Whatistheauthor’sattitudewhenitcomestothefunctionsofhoney? A.Objective.B.Critical. C.Supportive.D.Skeptical.
59、 答案 A 解析 觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Therearestudiesthatsuggestthathoneydoesworkaswellorbetterthancoughsuppressant(抑制性的)drugslikeRobitussin.”和第六段第一句“Mostofthese,however,wereconsideredbytheacademicworldtobewidelymisinterpretedbythemedia.”可知,作者對蜂蜜的作用持客觀的態(tài)度。故選A。 13.Whatmightbetalkedaboutnext? A.Honeywillbewidel
60、yusedinotherfields. B.Honeywillnotberecommendedinmedicaltreatmentanymore. C.Otherstudiesshowedhoneyworkedbetterthansomecoughmedicines. D.Otherstudiesshowedneitherhoneynorsomecoughmedicinesfunctionedwell. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Oneofthefindingsthatseemedtohavegiventhehoneytrendsomeadditionallegs
61、camefromastudythatsaidtherewas‘nodifference’,statisticallyspeaking,betweenhoneyandoneparticularcoughsuppressant.”可知,文章接下來講述的應(yīng)該是“蜂蜜將不再被推薦用于醫(yī)療。”故選B。 B (2019·蘇州高三期中) Whetheryousurviveacardiacarrestmaydepend,atleastinpart,onwhichemergencymedicalservices (EMS) agencyshowsuptotreatyou,anewstudysuggests
62、. ResearchersfoundawidevariationincardiacarrestsurvivalratesdependingonwhichEMSagencyprovidedinitialtreatment,accordingtothestudypublishedinJAMACardiology.Theoddsofsurvivingtohospitaldischarge(出院)couldvarybymorethan50percentfortwosimilarpatientstreatedbytworandomlyselectedEMSagencies.“Wefoundlargeo
63、utcomevariationsbetweenEMSagenciesthatcomeafteracardiacarrestevenafteradjustingformanyfactors,”saidleadauthorMasashiOkubo,aninstructorofemergencymedicineattheUniversityofPittsburgh. ThestudydidnotrevealwhysomeEMSagenciesdidbetterthanothers,however.“Weneedtodetermineinfutureresearchwhataretheunderly
64、ingfactors,”O(jiān)kubosaid. Cardiacarrest“istheabruptlossofheartfunction,andifappropriatestepsarenottakenimmediately,itmostoftenisfatal,”explainedGreggFonarow,aprofessorofcardiovascularmedicineandscienceattheDavidGeffenSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.Healsoisco-directoroftheUCLAP
65、reventiveCardiologyProgram.“EachyearintheUnitedStates,morethan350,000cardiacarrestsoccuroutsidethehospitalsetting.” Altogether,theresearchersstudied43,656patientstreatedfrom2011to2015by112EMSagencies.Whentheylookedathowmanypatientssurvivedlongenoughtobedischargedfromthehospital,variationsamongagenc
66、ieswerequitelarge:theworstperformingagencyhad0survivorsoutof36patientstreated,or0percent,ascomparedwith66survivorsoutof228patientstreated,ornearly30percent,forthebest-performingagency. Thepatternwassimilarwhenitcametorecoveryoffunctionbythetimeapatientwasdischargedfromthehospital.Theworstperformingagencyinthiscategoryhadfavorablefunctionalrecoveryin0outof87patients,whilethebesthadfavorablefunctionalrecoveryin11outof54patients,or20percent. “Thesefindingssuggesttheremaybeimportantdifferencesinth
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