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1、2022年高中英語《Unit 4 Sharing》語法探究 新人教版選修7 限定性定語從句 課前自學（ SBP32 Discovering useful structures） 語法知識精講 一.關系代詞 所作成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主語 who which that/as 賓語 whom which that/as 定語 whose/of whom whose/of which 關系代詞指物時只用that不用which的情況. 1．當先行詞為all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much

2、等不定代詞時. Tell me everything that you know. 2．當先行詞被very, both, the only, all, every, no any, little, much, some修飾時. This is the only coat that I have. 3．當先行詞被形容詞的最高級修飾時. This is the most beautiful city that I visited. 4. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時. This is the first lesson that we have this term. 5.當先行詞既包括人又

3、包括物時. He hasn’t sent us the workers and equipment that we need. 6.當主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時. Which is the coat that you like best? 7.當先行詞在句中作表語時,無論先行詞是人還是物. China is no longer the country that she was. 二.由“介詞 + 關系代詞”引導的定語從句多用于正式文體，能作此用法的關系代詞主要是which，其次是whom. prep + whom/which 該結構中的whom代指前面提到的人

4、，which代指前面提到的事物。例如： I don’t know the old woman to whom I gave the umbrella yesterday. 我不認識我昨天送給雨傘的那位老人。 在限制性定語從句中，如果含有作地點狀語的in/on/at which結構，該結構中的介詞也可以移到句末；這時關系代詞that, which在口語和非正式文體中經常省略。例如： This is the factory which/that I once worked in. This is the hotel (which/that) they are staying at. 三

5、.關系副詞引導的定語從句. 1.關系副詞when, why, where在定語從句中分別代替表示時間,地點,原因的先行詞,并分別在從句中作時間,地點,原因狀語.另外關系副詞也可根據(jù)其在句中的搭配關系,轉換成”介詞+關系代詞”的結構.如下: 關系副詞 被代替的先行詞 在從句中的作用 When/that 表示時間的名詞 時間狀語 Where 表示地點的名詞 地點狀語 Why/that 表示原因的名詞(只用reason) 原因狀語 He came at a time when (=at which) we needed help. The day will e when

6、 (=on which) we’ll win the final victory. We know the place where (=in which) our teacher lives. Do you know the reason why (=for which) he was so sorry? 2.使用關系副詞時應注意的問題. (1)time作先行詞時,如前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時,不用when引導定語從句,要用that或省去不用.如果time之前無序數(shù)詞或last,則用when或that引導. The last time (that)I saw him was in xx. (2)當先行詞為表示方式的the way時,從句不能用how來引導,應用that或in which,或將它們全部省略. We admired the way (that) he solved the problem. I don’t like the way (in which) you spoke to her. They didn’t do it the way (that) we do now.