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1、2022年高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題（1）學(xué)案 外研版必修4 2 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀(guān)存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)。 2 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的用法 2 在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主要有以下幾種情況： ? 從句 主句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 (be 的過(guò)去式用were) would(could/should/might)＋動(dòng)詞原形 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 would(could/should/might)＋have＋過(guò)去分詞 與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/should＋動(dòng)

2、詞原形/were to＋動(dòng)詞原形 would(could/should/might)＋動(dòng)詞原形 2 If she knew English，she wouldn’t ask me for help. 2 如果她懂英語(yǔ)的話(huà)，她不會(huì)找我?guī)兔Φ摹? 2 If I were you，I would go to hospital. 2 如果我是你，我會(huì)去醫(yī)院的。 2 If I had known her number，I would have called her. 2 如果我知道她的電話(huà)號(hào)碼的話(huà)，我就給她打電話(huà)了。 2 If it were to snow this evening，

3、they would not go out. 2 如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。 2 注意：(1)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，助動(dòng)詞had或should，可以把if省略，而把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 2 Were it necessary，I might resign. 2 如果需要的話(huà)，我可以辭職。 2 Should they have patience，they could do the work well. 2 如果他們有耐心的話(huà)，他們就可能把這項(xiàng)工作做好。 2 Had he worked harder，he would have got thro

4、ugh the exams. 2 他當(dāng)時(shí)要是學(xué)習(xí)努力點(diǎn)的話(huà)，就會(huì)通過(guò)這些考試了。 2 Were she to move right now，she would get there on Sunday. 2 她要是馬上動(dòng)身的話(huà)，星期天就可以到那兒了。 2 (2)當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 2 If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now. 2 如果你剛才接受我的建議，你現(xiàn)在會(huì)好些。 2 If y

5、ou had studied hard before，you would be college student now. 2 如果你從前努力學(xué)習(xí)，你現(xiàn)在會(huì)是一名大學(xué)生。 2 無(wú)“條件”虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子 2 無(wú)“條件”是指沒(méi)有if或I wish等引起表?xiàng)l件的句子，而是用其他形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，如介詞、形容詞、名詞、代詞、連詞、動(dòng)詞、分詞、從句或上下文等。常用來(lái)表示“無(wú)條件”的詞有：with；without，but for，or，but，otherwise，even，in case of，what if(如果……將如何/倘若)。 2 But for your help，we couldn’t ha

6、ve succeeded. 2 要不是你的幫助，我們是不會(huì)成功的。 2 She wasn’t feeling well，otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.她感到不舒服，不然她不會(huì)那么早離開(kāi)會(huì)場(chǎng)的。 2 Given more time，we would do it better. 2 再給些時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。 2 用于賓語(yǔ)從句中 2 (1)用于wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中 2 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用were或動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用had＋過(guò)去分詞或would/could have done；表示將

7、來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would/should (could，might)＋動(dòng)詞原形。 2 I wish she were here.她在這兒就好了。 2 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 2 但愿你明天跟我們一起去。 2 I wish she had taken my advice. 2 那時(shí)她要是聽(tīng)我的話(huà)就好了。 2 (2)用在表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：suggest，advise，propose，mand，request，insist，remend等，賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should＋動(dòng)詞原

8、形，should可以省略。 2 She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 2 她堅(jiān)持要預(yù)訂座位。 2 He demands that he (should) be told everything. 2 他要求將一切告訴他。 2 注意：如果上述動(dòng)詞作其他意思解釋?zhuān)蛘哒f(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為是事實(shí)，要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。比如，當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明”解，insist不表“堅(jiān)決要求”，而作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”解，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 2 He insisted that he was not involved in the cas

9、e. 2 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己同那個(gè)案子沒(méi)有牽連。 2 (3)would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，為一般過(guò)去式，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望；過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的愿望。Frankly speaking，I’d rather you didn’t do anything about it for the time being.坦白地說(shuō)，我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對(duì)于此事什么也不要做。 2 I would rather I had returned the book yesterday. 2 我真希望昨天把這本書(shū)還了。 2 用在主語(yǔ)從句中 2 It is desired/suggested

10、/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity＋that從句，從句中謂語(yǔ)要用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。 2 It’s suggested that the old man (should) be sent to hospital immediately.有人建議應(yīng)將老人立即送進(jìn)醫(yī)院。 2 It’s a pity that he (should) be so careless. 2 很遺憾，他竟這么粗心。 2 用在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中 2 advice，demand，order，request，sugg

11、estion，proposal，requirement，remendation等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)要用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。 2 He give an order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 2 他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。 2 Their desire was that a treaty (should) be signed at once. 2 他們的愿望是馬上簽訂協(xié)約。 2 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if (as though)，even if (even though)從句中 2 He

12、talks as if he knew all about it. 2 他說(shuō)起來(lái)好像全知道似的。 2 Even if he were here，he couldn’t solve the problem. 2 即使他在這里，也解決不了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 2 1．(xx年福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I________the first prize in the English Writing petition. 2 A．would not win　　　　　　　 2 B．would not have won 2 C．would w

13、in 2 D．would have won 2 【解析】　句意為：要沒(méi)有我英語(yǔ)老師的幫助，我不會(huì)在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作比賽中獲得第一名。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法，根據(jù)句意，可知主句應(yīng)該使用否定式，而本句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故答案為B項(xiàng)。 2 【答案】　B 2 2. (xx年浙江卷)The doctor remended that you________swim after eating a large meal. 2 A．wouldn’t B．couldn’t 2 C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 2 【解析】　 句意為：醫(yī)生建議你不應(yīng)該在飽

14、餐之后游泳。remend后的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“(should)＋do”。 2 【答案】　D 2 3. (xx年安徽卷)But for their help，we________the program in time. 2 A．can not finish B．will not finish 2 C．had not finished D．could not have finished 2 【解析】　句意為：如果不是他們的幫助，我們就不能及時(shí)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句意，選用could not have finished表示與過(guò)去相反。 2 【答案】　D 2 4.

15、(xx年天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it______break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense. 2 A．would B．should 2 C．could D．might 2 【解析】　句意為：這臺(tái)打印機(jī)質(zhì)量很好。如果第一年使用壞了，我們保修。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的條件句有三種，就此句而言，應(yīng)為：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should br

16、eak down。 2 【答案】　B 2 5. (xx年山東卷)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we________it without you. 2 A．can manage B．could have managed 2 C．could manage D．can have managed 2 【解析】　句意為：感謝你上周的辛勤工作。我想要不是你辛勤的勞動(dòng)，我們不可能做成。without you表達(dá)的是“如果沒(méi)有你艱苦工作的話(huà)”，結(jié)合句子前后內(nèi)容，本題表達(dá)的是與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以選擇B項(xiàng)。

17、 2 【答案】　B 2 6. (xx年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)________he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race. 2 A．If B．Since 2 C．Though D．When 2 【解析】　考查與過(guò)去情況相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句用if...had done，主句用．..would/could have done...。 2 【答案】　A 2 7. (xx年山東卷)They ________ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they’d never have been abl

18、e to afford to go. 2 A．had got B．got 2 C．have got D．get 2 【解析】　本題考查混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本題前面部分是事實(shí)，后半句是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 2 【答案】　B 2 8. (xx年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday. 2 A．was happening B．happens 2 C．has happened D．happened 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由as if引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再結(jié)合前面的remember

19、s可知與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2 【答案】　D 2 9. (xx年福建卷)If it were not for the fact that she________sing，I would invite her to the party. 2 A．couldn’t B．shouldn’t 2 C．can’t D．might not 2 【解析】　fact后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，用于對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步的解釋。她不會(huì)唱歌是一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。can’t意為“不會(huì)”，表示不具備某種能力。 2 【答案】　C 2 10. (xx年湖北卷)________ fir

20、ed，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. 2 A．Would you be B．Should you be 2 C．Could you be D．Might you be 2 【解析】　這道題是虛擬條件句的倒裝。虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were，should或had時(shí)，可省略if，再把were，should或had移到從句的句首，實(shí)行倒裝。句意為“即使你被解雇了，醫(yī)療保障和其他福利也不會(huì)受到影響”。 2 【答案】　B 2 1．(xx年濰坊檢測(cè))The order came th

21、at the medical supplies________to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon. 2 A．would be sent B．should send 2 C．be sent D．must be sent 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞(如order，suggest，mand等)后面接從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句謂語(yǔ)用should＋do，should可以省略。 2 【答案】　C 2 2．(xx年福建四地六校第三次聯(lián)考)The headmaster remended that we______

22、__to school on time for the afternoon English reading. 2 A．had e B．would e 2 C．e D．came 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。在此，remend表“建議，勸告”，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，且should可以省略。 2 【答案】　C 2 3．(xx年皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考)Without the help of my English teacher，I________the first prize in the English Speaking petition. 2 A．

23、would win B．would have won 2 C．would not win D．would not have won 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這是一個(gè)隱含虛擬條件句，含有if my English teacher hadn’t helped me with my spoken English之意，表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，故用與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。 2 【答案】　D 2 4．(xx年長(zhǎng)春第一次調(diào)研)It is required that the students______mobile phones in their school，so sel

24、dom________them using one. 2 A．should not use；you will see 2 B．not use；will you see 2 C．mustn’t use；will you see 2 D．not use；you will see 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝語(yǔ)序。英語(yǔ)中表示命令、建議或要求的動(dòng)詞或名詞后面的從句中通常使用should do形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略。seldom是否定副詞，位于句首時(shí)，句子要采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。 2 【答案】　B 2 5．(xx年海淀一模)—If you________to my b

25、irthday party last Saturday，you would have met our old friend Jim. 2 —Oh，what a pity! 2 A．came B．had e 2 C．would e D．would have e 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從語(yǔ)意分析，這是非真實(shí)條件句中對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的虛擬，主句謂語(yǔ)用should/would/could/might have done，條件句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，答案應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。 2 【答案】　B 2 6. (xx年日照二模)“If I________taking drugs，I would be a

26、successful businessman now，” said the dying heroin addict. 2 A．didn’t start B．haven’t started 2 C．hadn’t started D．shouldn’t start 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此題是一個(gè)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，從句是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句指說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。 2 【答案】　C 2 7. (xx年福建檢測(cè))—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of

27、the rain. 2 —What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I________it. 2 A．wouldn’t have missed 2 B．wouldn’t miss 2 C．didn’t miss 2 D．hadn’t missed 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以主句用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)。 2 【答案】　A 2 8. (xx年南通二模)—Sorry indeed，I________to your birthday party if... 2 —Forget it.I know you wer

28、e out on business. 2 A．must e B．would e 2 C．must have e D．would have e 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此處表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，if后面省略了過(guò)去完成時(shí) (補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是if I had not been out on business)，所以主句中應(yīng)該用should/would/could/might have done結(jié)構(gòu)，因此選D項(xiàng)。 2 【答案】　D 2 9. (xx年合肥三模)It is required in some colleges that lights in students’dorms__

29、______off by 11 o’clock. 2 A．be switched B．would switch 2 C．should switch D．must be switched 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在“It is vital/necessary/important/strange/unusual/natural/surprising/suggested/required/ordered＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (should)do的形式，而switch off與lights之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2 【答案】　A 2

30、 10. (xx年合肥二模)—Did you make it at last? 2 —Yes.But for your help，it________a serious loss. 2 A．would cause B．must have caused 2 C．would have caused D．may cause 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：——你們最后成功了嗎？——成功了，要不是你的幫助，我們的損失就大了。but for...要不是……。 2 【答案】　C 2 11. (xx年濰坊一模)How I wish I________my mouth before

31、 I shouted at my mum! 2 A．shut B．have shut 2 C．had shut D．would shut 2 【解析】　該題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish后跟從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)楹竺媸沁^(guò)去時(shí)，故此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 2 【答案】　C 2 12. (xx年青島一模)—My uncle suggests I________abroad. 2 —I would rather you________at home. 2 A．go；stay B．went；stayed 2 C．go；stayed D．w

32、ent；stay 2 【解析】　suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)，從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，結(jié)構(gòu)是“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。would rather后面跟從句時(shí)，從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。 2 【答案】　C 2 13. (xx年?yáng)|北三校第二次聯(lián)考)—Why do you look so upset? 2 —I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I________more about her. 2 A．care B．cared 2 C．had cared

33、 D．had been cared 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。If only表示“要是……就好了”，后面的句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done的形式。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。 2 【答案】　C 2 14．(xx年?yáng)|北三校第一次聯(lián)考)—Why are you so late? 2 —I got stuck in the traffic jam，or I________earlier. 2 A．a(chǎn)rrived B have arrived 2 C．would arrive D

34、．would have arrived 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。答語(yǔ)的意思是“我遇到交通堵塞了，否則我本來(lái)可以早一點(diǎn)到的”。言外之意是如果不是交通堵塞，就可以早點(diǎn)到達(dá)，因此此處是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，相當(dāng)于“If I hadn’t got stuck in the traffic jam，I would have arrived earlier.”。 2 【答案】　D 2 15．(xx年南昌二模)—Why didn’t you buy the gold ring? 2 —I________，but I didn’t have the money. 2 A．would have B．bought 2 C．would like to D．had bought 2 【解析】　考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。上文問(wèn)的是沒(méi)有買(mǎi)的理由，下文自然是對(duì)過(guò)去的事情的原因的陳述，but I didn’t have the money給出的是事實(shí)，換句話(huà)說(shuō)，如果有錢(qián)的話(huà)，“我”就會(huì)買(mǎi)。所以選A。此處可以變形為：I would have bought it if I had had the money. 2 【答案】　A