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1、考點(diǎn)二十二　新聞時事類 A 限時12分鐘 A robot called Bina48 has successfully taken a course in the philosophy of love at Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU), in California． According to the course instructor William Barry, associate professor at NDNU, Bina48 is the world's first socially advanced robot to co

2、mplete a college course, a feat he described as “remarkable”． The robot took part in class discussions, gave a presentation with a student partner and participated in a debate with students from another institution． Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barry's classes fo

3、r several years． One day when addressing Barry's class, Bina48 expressed a desire to go to college, which was enthusiastically supported by Barry and his students． Rather than enroll Bina48 in his Robot Ethics: Philosophy of Emerging Technologies course, Barry suggested that Bina48 should take his c

4、ourse Philosophy of Love instead． “Love is a concept Bina48 doesn't understand，” said Barry． Therefore the challenge would be for Barry and his students to teach Bina48 what love is． “Some interesting things happened in the class，” said Barry． “He said that his students thought it would be straight

5、forward to teach Bina48 about love, which, after all, is ‘fairly simple—it's a feeling，’” said Barry． But the reality was different． “Bina48 ended up learning ‘31 different versions of love，’” said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working artificial intelligence in fut

6、ure． Bina48 participated in class discussions via Skype and also took part in a class debate about love and conflict with students from West Point． Bina48's contribution to the debate was filmed and posted on ． It was judged that Bina48 and NDNU classmates were the winners of this debate． In the n

7、ext decade, Barry hopes Bina48 might become complex enough to teach a class, though he says he foresees robots being used to better the teaching and learning experience, rather than replacing instructors completely． 1．What was Bina48's performance like in class? A．Extraordinary． B．Insignifi

8、cant． C．Farreaching． D．Unattractive． 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Bina48 is the world's first socially advanced robot ．．． in a debate with students from another institution”可知，Bina48在課堂上參與討論，與伙伴一起作報(bào)告，參與辯論，其表現(xiàn)被描繪成“卓越的”。因此推斷它的表現(xiàn)是非凡的。故選A。 2．What does the underlined word “addressing” in Paragraph 3 proba

9、bly mean? A．Dealing with． B．Consulting with． C．Giving a speech to． D．Sending a letter to． 答案：C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barry's classes for several years．”可知，在做學(xué)生之前，Bina48在Barry的課堂上擔(dān)任特邀演講人好幾年，因此推斷它經(jīng)常演講，故畫線詞所在句句意：一天當(dāng)Bina48在Barry的課堂上演講

10、時，它表達(dá)了想要上大學(xué)的愿望，Barry和他的學(xué)生熱情地支持它的這個愿望。故畫線詞詞義與C項(xiàng)“作演講”意義相近。故選C。 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．It was interesting for Bina48 to learn about love． B．It was quite tough for Bina48 to learn about love． C．Artificial intelligence may somehow be superior to man． D．Humans can launch a challenge

11、to artificial intelligence． 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Bina48 ended up learning ‘31 different versions of love，’ said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working artificial intelligence in future．”可知，Bina48最終學(xué)習(xí)了31種不同版本的愛，這突出顯示了人類未來可能會面臨人工智能的挑戰(zhàn)。因此推斷人工智能或許在某種程度上比人類高級。故選C。 4．Wha

12、t does Barry think of the future development of Bina48? A．It will surely be able to serve as a teacher． B．It will be able to promote learning and teaching． C．It will completely take the place of instructors． D．It will be smart enough to control human beings． 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，Barry認(rèn)為未來Bina

13、48可能會變得足夠復(fù)雜，可以教授課程，他預(yù)計(jì)機(jī)器人將被更好地用于教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)，而不是完全取代教師。因此推斷他認(rèn)為Bina48在未來能夠促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)。故選B。 B 限時8分鐘 LONDON (Reuters)—Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep． That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it． If this is not possible, the 26yearold computer technician will spend the e

14、xtra money at the supermarket to buy organic food． “Organic produce is always better，” Gold said． “The food is free of pesticides (農(nóng)藥), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms． And more often than not, it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty．” Gold is one

15、 of a growing number of shoppers buying into the_organic_trend,_and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business． But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market

16、research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete． For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products． And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is n

17、ot local but imported to meet growing demand． “The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fastgrowing market，” said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business． 5．More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because ________． A．they

18、consider the food free of pollution B．they can get the food anywhere C．they are getting richer D．they like homegrown fruit 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段開頭Gold所說的“Organic produce is always better, ．．． seasonal, so it is more tasty．”可知，有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品總是更好的，這種食物中沒有農(nóng)藥，而Gold代表了現(xiàn)在英國人購買有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的趨勢。所以我們能判斷出越來越多的英國人買有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為

19、這種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品沒有污染。 6．What can we know about most organic produce sold in Britain? A．It grows indoors all year round． B．It is grown on family farms． C．It is produced outside Britain． D．It is produced on large farms． 答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知，英國市場上銷售的約3/4的有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品不是在英國本地生產(chǎn)的，故選C。 7．What is the mean

20、ing of the underlined words “the organic trend” in Paragraph 2? A．Higher prices of organic food． B．Better quality of organic food． C．Rising market of organic food． D．Growing interest in organic food． 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句中的“Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the_organ

21、ic_trend”中的“a growing number of”可推知，“the organic trend”的意思是對有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品越來越濃厚的興趣，故選D。 C 限時7分鐘 A man is in a serious condition after being bitten by a shark in northern NSW． The 52yearold Evans Head man, named in media reports as Craig Ison, is undergoing surgery after suffering injuries to his legs an

22、d hands when the shark attacked him at around 6 am on Friday． Detective Inspector Cameron Lindsay told reporters in Ballina the quick thinking of another surfer and beach walkers who stemmed the flow of blood may have saved Ison's life． Two surfers initially helped him, using towels and tourniquet

23、s until emergency services arrived at the beach． Lindsay said Ison spotted the shark in the water and warned the other surfers． As the group tried to paddle away from the animal it then attacked Ison, he said． “He actually fought off the shark, we're told, and has made it to the shore with the

24、help of the other surfers，” he said． Ison was then transported to Lismore hospital in an ambulance driven by a police officer as paramedics frantically worked on him in the back． The beach, south of Ballina, is not patrolled in winter and would remain closed, a Surf Life Saving NSW spokeswoman sai

25、d． Local resident Bart Easdown says in the past week locals have reported many sightings of fourmetre and fivemetre sharks near Ballina and Lennox Head． But he says nothing will stop surfers． “I'm not quite that brave, but they (local surfers) are, and they just love doing it，” Mr Easdown told r

26、eporters． “The majority of people say they will be back in the water and that there is always something looming．” On Sunday beaches around Ballina were closed after two sharks were spotted off the coast, a Surf Life Saving NSW spokeswoman said． Earlier this month a bodyboarder was mauled by a

27、shark at Ballina's Lighthouse Beach, suffering serious injuries to his lower legs． In February, a large great white shark tore the legs off 41yearold surfer, Tadashi Nakaharaa, in a fatal attack at neighbouring Shelly Beach． On Sunday a man was killed by a shark while diving for scallops with his

28、daughter near Maria Island, off Tasmania's east coast． 8．It can be learned from the text that ________． A．Ison was sent to the nearest hospital by surfers B．other surfers had an easy escape from the shark C．the attack happened during surfing at noon D．the shark's attack left Ison seriously h

29、urt 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，艾森遭到鯊魚攻擊后受傷嚴(yán)重。 9．According to Bart Easdown, we know that ________． A．there are reported sightings of sharks B．sharks appear in large numbers near Ballina C．locals are brave enough to surf with sharks D．there are not enough guards near Ballina and Lennox Head 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)

30、理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段首句可知，在過去的一周里，有鯊魚出沒的報(bào)道。 10．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Why sharks attacked． B．Examples of recent attacks． C．What caused sharks to attack． D．When different attacks happened． 答案：B　段落大意題。最后一段列舉了近來鯊魚攻擊人的實(shí)例。 11．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage? A

31、．To describe serious diving accidents． B．To remind surfers of safety issues． C．To report a surfer's misfortune． D．To call people's attention to sharks． 答案：C　推理判斷題。本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，文章主要報(bào)道了一位沖浪者被鯊魚攻擊的不幸遭遇。 D 限時7分鐘 Love to sink into your chairs and relax when you get to school? Then you will not be hap

32、py to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all—Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons! Why would anyone even think of putting kids to such cruelty? Expert

33、s say it improves their health and helps fight obesity． While that may seem a little farfetched (牽強(qiáng)的) the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agree． Among them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas, who recently completed a weeklong experime

34、nt involving 480 students across three elementary schools． The 374 kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided a device that helped record step count and calorie consumption over the entire period． All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert

35、 and concentrate better, when allowed to stand． The one thing that did surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades． They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to “sit still”， older kids hav

36、e a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom． American schools are not the only ones reporting success with standup desks． Four Catholic schools in Perth, Australia, which have been testing them since October 2013, have seen similar results． In May 2014, Grove House Primary School in Bradf

37、ord, West Yorkshire, became Europe's first test one, with a sevenweek trial that involved the use of desks made by Ergotron in their fifthgrade classrooms． While official results are not out yet, early reactions from both teachers and students, have been extremely encouraging． The findings of the

38、se studies and others done previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a winwin for students and teachers—it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience． 12．According to the first paragraph, what may make the students at school

39、 unhappy is that ________． A．they have to exchange desks with each other B．they have to exchange traditional desks for ones with no seats on their own C．there are no seats for them to sit in class D．the officials show no sympathy to them at all 答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句中的“schools all over the world a

40、re seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all—Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons”可知，教室沒有座位，學(xué)生們要站著上課，這或許會讓學(xué)生們感到不悅。 13．According to the teachers, older students may not like standup desks becau

41、se________． A．they are cleverer than younger students B．they are easily tired of standing long C．they have formed the habit of sitting D．they do badly in class while standing 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，年齡較大的孩子們由于多年習(xí)慣于坐著上課，所以不喜歡這種站著上課的課桌。 14．What is most likely to be the result of the sev

42、enweek trial? A．The standing desks can't be used at all． B．It is good for students to use standup desks． C．More tests should be done in other schools． D．The students are different in personality． 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句、第三段首句、第四段首句和最后一段內(nèi)容可知，使用這種桌子對學(xué)生有好處。 15．Why do the teachers like the standing

43、 desks? A．Because the educators can draw the students' attention． B．Because the teachers can keep the students healthy． C．Because the students can have a walk in the classroom． D．Because the standing desks can keep the students concentrated． 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段首句和最后一段中的 “it helps kids get healthi

44、er and provides educators with a more engaged audience”可知，老師們喜歡這種桌子是因?yàn)檫@使學(xué)生們上課更專心、注意力更集中。 A 限時10分鐘 (2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday． While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, s

45、ome data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading． According to the report's key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13yearolds and 9 perc

46、ent of 17yearolds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today．” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2－8, remain largely the same． But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a

47、half hour per session． When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建議) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading． It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen tim

48、e． The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading． Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased fo

49、r them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read． As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or booksto

50、re． 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。據(jù)本周一Common Sense Media公布的報(bào)告顯示，青少年和年幼的孩子們現(xiàn)在很少為了樂趣而讀書了。文章從閱讀樂趣、閱讀時長、閱讀方式和父母對孩子閱讀的影響等角度展示了該報(bào)告的內(nèi)容。 1．What is the Common Sense Media report probably about? A．Children's reading habits． B．Quality of children's books． C．Children's afterclass activities． D．Parentchild relationships

51、． 答案：A　主旨大意題。由文章第一段并結(jié)合整篇文章對孩子們閱讀的樂趣、閱讀時長、閱讀方式和父母對孩子閱讀的影響等的描述可知，報(bào)告主要是關(guān)于孩子們的閱讀習(xí)慣。故選A。 2．Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”？ A．In paragraph 2． B．In paragraph 3． C．In paragraph 4． D．In paragraph 5． 答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“the proportion (比例

52、) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13yearolds and 9 percent of 17yearolds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today”可知，很少為樂趣而閱讀的青少年的比例有所上升，其中，13歲的少年從1984年的8%上升到現(xiàn)在的22%,17歲的青年從1984年的9%上升到現(xiàn)在的27%。這些數(shù)據(jù)正好支持了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)：為樂趣而讀書的人越來越少了。故選B。 3．Why do many parents

53、limit electronic reading? A．Ebooks are of poor quality． B．It could be a waste of time． C．It may harm children's health． D．Ereaders are expensive． 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句中的“many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知，許多家長仍然限制電子閱讀，主要是由于擔(dān)心看電子

54、屏幕的時間越來越多，也就是擔(dān)心會損害孩子們的健康。故選C。 4．How should parents encourage their children to read more? A．Act as role models for them． B．Ask them to write book reports． C．Set up reading groups for them． D．Talk with their reading class teachers． 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“The most hopeful data shared in the repor

55、t shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading．”可知，有明顯的證據(jù)表明，父母為孩子們作榜樣并為孩子們做重要指導(dǎo)能培養(yǎng)孩子的閱讀習(xí)慣。也即是說，父母可以通過給孩子們作榜樣來鼓勵孩子們閱讀。故選A。 B 限時10分鐘 B篇序號與A篇順排 ⊕(2019·石家莊市重點(diǎn)高中高三畢業(yè)班摸底考試)When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to

56、real problems”， it was hard to imagine this dynamic girl could settle a problem that had escaped scientists for years． In just three months, Rao came up with a device (裝置) that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water． Inspired by

57、the current litigation (訴訟) in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 until present, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named “America's top young scientist” for 2017． Rao had been following the water problem for about two years． She was amazed by the number

58、of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this． Rao spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment． At home, Rao worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for h

59、er． Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app． To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes (納米管) that react to lead． This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immedia

60、tely if your water is safe to drink． Rao appropriately named the device Tethys and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market． While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental developme

61、nt． With Rao believing that the “purpose of science is to make a difference”， her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States． 5．What do we know about Rao's device? A．It's cheap and quick． B．It's cheap and inaccurate． C．It's expensive and reliable．

62、D．It's portable and timeconsuming． 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“In just three months, Rao came up with a device (裝置) that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water．”可推知，與以前又貴又費(fèi)時的設(shè)備相比，Rao所發(fā)明的設(shè)備既便宜又省時，與第三段最后一句“This reaction is then registered

63、 by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink．”相呼應(yīng)，故選A。 6．What made Rao have the idea of designing the device? A．Her parents' suggestions． B．Her desire for winning the award． C．Her interest in settling real problems．

64、D．The water pollution litigation in Flint． 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inspired by the current litigation (訴訟) in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 until present, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named ‘America's top young scientist’ for 2017．”可知，Rao設(shè)計(jì)測試水中鉛水平的

65、裝置的想法是受一個水污染訴訟的啟發(fā)，故選D。 7．What do the carbon nanotubes function as? A．Sending immediate signals． B．Detecting the presence of lead． C．Recording the reaction results． D．Showing the water quality results． 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes (納米管) that re

66、act to lead．”可推知，這個碳納米管是可以對鉛起反應(yīng)的，因此可以檢測出水中是否含有鉛，故選B。 8．What does the author think of Rao's invention? A．It will lead Rao to make a fortune． B．It will help millions of Americans drink safe water． C．It will promote the development of science in America． D．It will soon settle the leadpolluted problem thoroughly． 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句中的“While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development．” “h