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1、2019年高考英語真題和模擬題分項(xiàng)匯編 專題01 詞類（名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞和介詞）、短語辨析 一、2019年高考真題 1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension 【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)今，旅行的重點(diǎn)從購物轉(zhuǎn)變成了品嘗美食和欣賞風(fēng)景。A. priority優(yōu)先；優(yōu)先權(quán)；B. potenti

2、al潛在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，撫恤金。故選A。 2.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development. A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape 【答案】A 【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：好的制度政策實(shí)際上都會激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。A. in effect實(shí)際上；B. in command指揮；C. in turn輪流，

3、依次；D. in shape在外形上，處于良好的狀態(tài)。故選A。 3.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise. A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：不像傳統(tǒng)的體育鍛煉，有app軟件的體育鍛煉提供了靈活的鍛煉選項(xiàng)。A. casual偶然的，隨便的；B. regular定期的，有規(guī)律的；C. flexible靈活的；D. tight緊的，

4、密封的。故選C。 4.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity. A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意：城市是人類的雙手和思想的產(chǎn)物，反映了人的智慧和創(chuàng)造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顧；restoring恢復(fù)，根據(jù)題意，故選B。 5.【2019·天津

5、卷·單項(xiàng)填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not. A. ones B. those C. these D. them 【答案】B 【解析】考查代詞。句意：一項(xiàng)研究表明，參加課外活動的學(xué)生比不參加課外活動的學(xué)生更開心?？崭裉幋~與the students是對應(yīng)關(guān)系，可以用the ones或者those替代?！皌hem”指代的是前邊提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不能與the students形成對應(yīng)關(guān)系?！皌hese”一

6、般不用定語從句修飾。故選B。 6.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways. A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment 【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們能夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經(jīng)對我們的生活產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的影響。 statement“陳述說明”； impact“強(qiáng)烈的影響，沖擊力”； impression“印象，感想”

7、； judgement“判斷力判斷”。故選B。 7.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying. A. set aside B. take back C. make out D. keep off 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意： 凱特聽到背景中有一個(gè)男人的聲音，但她聽不清他在說什么。set aside“存儲，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨認(rèn)出，理解，了解”； kee

8、p off“（使）避開”。故選C。 8.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. 【答案】poorly 【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語動詞

9、has been studied，意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。 9.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案】of/for 【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods

10、的定語，用of 連接，“methods of doing sth.”,意為“……的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩τ诟櫛睒O熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。 9.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually a

11、re. 【答案】of/for 【解析】考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)其后than they actually are可知，此處為形容詞的比較級，故填higher。 10.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。

12、 11【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯(cuò)】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. 【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me. 【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數(shù)名詞，前邊需要有限定詞。這里football第一次出現(xiàn)，故在football前加a；考查連詞。句意：突然一個(gè)足球落在我前邊并且差點(diǎn)打到我?！白闱蚵湎聛怼迸c“打到我”兩個(gè)動作是順承關(guān)系，不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。 12.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·

13、語法填空】Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. 【答案】finally 【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)空格所處位置可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語，修飾謂語動詞have been acknowledged，意為“最終得以認(rèn)可”，故填finally。 13.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I l

14、ove coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.” 【答案】but 【解析】考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意邏輯可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意：我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌蛔?，而是因?yàn)槲蚁胱?。此處用but與前文not 呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。 14.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò)】Since I was a kid, I’ve co

15、nsidered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. … 【答案】 Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different （1）I would like to do. First, I

16、 wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so （2）. Then, when I was in the （3） grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher （4） much. 【解析】（1） 考查名詞的數(shù)?！癹ob（工作；職業(yè)）”為可數(shù)名詞，用different（不同的）修飾時(shí)意思為不同種類的工作，應(yīng)該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將job改為jobs。 （2）考查形容詞的用法。句中的“l(fā)ooked（看起來…樣）”為系動詞，系動詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coo

17、lly改為cool。 （3）考查序數(shù)詞。年級、班級是按數(shù)字順序排列的，所以“在幾年級”中的數(shù)詞需要用序數(shù)詞。故將five改為fifth。 （4）考查副詞。句意：在五年級的時(shí)候，因?yàn)槲曳浅Ｏ矚g我的英語老師，所以我想變成一名老師?！皊o much”在句中一般表達(dá)肯定意思，可與that連用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般與to搭配，表達(dá)否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句話表達(dá)肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故將too改為very/so。 15.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】On our way to the house，it was rain

18、ing ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. 【答案】so 【解析】考查副詞。句意：在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞?，雨下得如此大以至于我們不能不想還要多久才能到達(dá)那里?！皊o…that…”意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。故填so。 16.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __

19、_63___ dogs，seven to be exact. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介詞?！癮 pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。 15.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每個(gè)人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。 16.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ th

20、is question is not clear. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個(gè)問題的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...這是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。 二、2019屆模擬題 1.【江蘇省鹽城中學(xué)2019屆高三年級質(zhì)量檢測】Please ________ your ashes before it fails on the carpet. A. cut off B. knock off C. get off D. drop off 【答案】B 【解析】 【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在煙灰落到地板上之前把它彈掉。A. cut o

21、ff切（隔）斷；B. knock off停止做某事，下班，收工；C. get off 出發(fā)，離開，從……下來；D. drop off中途放下。knock off很形象的傳達(dá)了彈煙灰中“彈”的動作。故選B。 2.【江蘇省鹽城中學(xué)2019屆高三年級質(zhì)量檢測】.I didn’t ________ having to do the cooking myself, or I would have learnt one or two dishes from my mom. A. expect B. anticipate C. forecast D. preview 【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞辨

22、析。句意：我沒有想到我要自己做飯，否則我就從我媽媽那里學(xué)會做一兩個(gè)菜了。C. forecast 預(yù)報(bào)；D. preview預(yù)覽，試映，與句意不符合。A. expect 與 B. anticipate都可表達(dá)“預(yù)期某事將發(fā)生”的意思，但當(dāng)它們與非謂語連用時(shí)，anticipate后面接動名詞，expect接不定式。故選B。 3.【江蘇省南京市2019屆高三模擬】The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another to the colors in the harvest season. A. theme B. vers

23、ion C. category D. dimension 【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：楓葉在秋天變成了鮮紅的顏色，為豐收的季節(jié)增添了另一抹色彩。A. theme主題；B. version版本；C. category種類；D. dimension維度；風(fēng)采。dimension此處理解為“色彩；風(fēng)采”，故選D。 4.【江蘇省南京市2019屆高三模擬】Cambridge gave a positive answer inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores. A. in favor of B. in response

24、to C. in salute to D. in consequence of 【答案】B 【解析】 【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：在回答是否承認(rèn)高考分?jǐn)?shù)的問題時(shí)，劍橋給出了積極的回答。A. in favor of支持；B. in response to回應(yīng)；C. in salute to致敬；D. in consequence of由于……的緣故。表示“回應(yīng)”in response to，故選B。 5.【江蘇省南京市2019屆高三模擬】Wild animals in nature reserves need to develop their survival skills and

25、 their wild nature. A. display B. possess C. maintain D. monitor 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自然保護(hù)區(qū)的野生動物需要發(fā)展他們的生存技能，保持他們的野生本性。A. display表現(xiàn)；B. possess擁有；C. maintain保持；D. monitor監(jiān)控。根據(jù)句意故應(yīng)選maintain，表示“保持”。選C。 6.【天津市南開中學(xué)2019屆高三年級校模擬考試】Is this your cell phone, Tony? I ________ it when I was cleaning the

26、classroom. A. came across B. dealt with C. looked after D. held on to 【答案】A 【解析】 【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。A. came across偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，碰巧遇到；B. dealt with 處理，解決；C. looked after照顧；D. held on to堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。句意：Tony，這是你的手機(jī)嗎?我在打掃教室的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)了它。故選A。 7.【天津市南開中學(xué)2019屆高三年級校模擬考試】It is widely acknowledged that students should be _________

27、___ in terms of overall quality. A. supported B. matched C. evaluated D. controlled 【答案】C 【解析】這里意思是“普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的全部素養(yǎng)來評估他們”。supported 支持；matched 相配；evaluated評估；controlled控制，所以選C。句意：普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的全部素養(yǎng)來評估他們。 考點(diǎn)：考查動詞詞義辨析及語境理解。 8.【天津市南開中學(xué)2019屆高三年級校模擬考試】In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, whi

28、le in ________, knives and forks. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代詞。句意：在一些國家，人們用筷子吃飯，而在另一些國家，人們用刀叉吃飯。固定搭配：some…, others…“一些……，另一些……”，others在此相當(dāng)于other countries，故選C。 9.【天津市十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2019屆高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考】Some experts think, genes, intelligence also depends on an adequate d

29、iet, a good education and a nice home environment. A. instead of B. except for C. apart from D. far from 【答案】C 【解析】 【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。A. instead of代替；B. except for除了；C. apart from除……之外還；D. far from遠(yuǎn)非。句意：一些專家認(rèn)為，除了基因，智力還取決于充足的飲食、良好的教育以及良好的家庭環(huán)境。根據(jù)“intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good e

30、ducation and a nice home environment.”可知此處表示“除……之外還”，故C項(xiàng)正確。 10.【天津市十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2019屆高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考】The people in the village are so that they are willing to help every visitor. A. optimistic B. energetic C. enthusiastic D. ambitious 【答案】C 【解析】 【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A. optimistic樂觀的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. enthusiastic熱心的；D. ambitious有抱負(fù)的。句意：這個(gè)村里的人都很熱心，他們愿意幫助每一位游客。根據(jù)“they are willing to help every visitor.”可知此處表示“熱心的、熱情的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。 8