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1、2020;2020高考英語書面表達專題（1）：如何寫好復合句 在英語中，包含一個主謂結構的句子叫簡單句。如果一個句子包含兩個或更多的主謂結構，其中有一個或更多的更多的主謂結構充當句子的某一個成分，這個句子就叫復合句。復合句分為名詞性從句、定語從句(形容詞性從句)和狀語從句(副詞性從句)。其中，名詞性從句又分為主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句。 一、名詞性從句 比較下列兩組句子： 1)Your explanation (主語) sounds (連系動詞) reasonable (表語). (只有一個主謂結構，簡單句) What you said just now (主語從

2、句) sounds（連系動詞）reasonable (表語). (主語包含一個主謂結構，復合句) 2)I (主語) believe (謂語) your honesty (賓語).(只有一個主謂結構，簡單句) I (主語) believe (謂語) that you are honest (賓語從句). (賓語包含一個主謂結構，復合句) 主語從句What you said just now中的What，賓語從句that you are honest中的that都是引導從句的關聯(lián)詞。從句的結構一般說來和簡單句的一樣，只不過從句前多了一個關聯(lián)詞。 了解并正確使用關聯(lián)詞是寫好名詞性從句的關

3、鍵，引導名詞性從句的關聯(lián)詞的詞義的用法見下表： 類別 詞義 在從句中的作用 連詞that 無任何詞義 僅起連接作用，不做成分 連詞whether, if 意為“是否” 起連接作用，不做成分 連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自含義 連接從句，并在從句中充當主語、表語、賓語、定語 連接副詞how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever 有各自含義 連接從句，并在從句中充當狀語 如：1)Th

4、at he didn’t pass the examination disappointed his mother. (主語從句，that沒有意義，在從句中不充當任何成分) 注：引導主語從句的that不能省略，如在上句中，如果省去that，子結構混亂，是典型的“漢語式英語”；有了that，就很容易看出that 是連詞，引導主語從句That he didn’t pass the examination，整個句子結構是“主語+謂語+賓語”。 2)The question is who will be elected president of the country. (表語從句， who意

5、為“誰”，在從句中作主語) 3)You can give it to whomever you like. (賓語從句， whomever意為“任何人，無論誰”，在從句中作賓語) 4)I can’t remember where I have read this article. (賓語從句， where意為“哪里”，在從句中作狀語) 注：名詞性從句中有一個問題需特別注意：it做形式主語，it做形式主語。 it做形式主語常用的句型：It is + 形容詞 + that… It is + 過去分詞 + that… It matters/doesn’t matter + that/

6、whether… eg: It(形式主語) is(系動詞) necessary(表語) that you inform him of the date for the meeting at once.(真主語) (從句) It(形式主語) was said(謂語) that he used to be manager of a big company.(真主語) (從句) It(形式主語) matters a lot(謂語) whether you can raise enough money for the project.(真主語) (從句) it做形式賓語的句型： 主語+謂語+

7、it（形式賓語）+形容詞/名詞（賓語補足語）+從句（真主語）/不定式 eg: We(主語) consider(謂語) it(形式主語) a great honour(賓補) that we can host the 2020;2020 Olympic Games.(真賓語) They(主語) found(謂語) it(形式主語) difficult(賓補)(形容詞) to communicate with the local people. (真主語) 名詞性從句練習： （一） 用that, whether/if, what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever),

8、whose, which(ever), when, why, how, where填空。 Everyone knew 1_______Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew 2_______she came from and 3_______she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. 4_______they did know was 5_______she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6_______was in need of mo

9、ney. Andy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didn’t understand 7_______they were so narrow-minded, but it didn’t matter 8_______others would thought of her. She just wanted to do 9________she thought was right. I think that is 10_______the meaning o

10、f life lies. （二） 將下列句子譯成英語，然后分析每個句子的結構。 1. 這就是我們不同意你的方案的原因。 2. 他能考入北在下是我們意料中事。 ______________________________________________________________ 3. 媽媽答應我她會好好照顧自己的。 4. 他們還沒決定什么時候出發(fā)。 ______________________________________________________________ 5． 很明顯，他在撒謊。 6．據(jù)報道，我們隊奪得了金牌。 ____

11、__________________________________________________________ 7．真奇怪，他竟然這么粗魯。 8．我們規(guī)定每天練習一個小時的英語口語。 ______________________________________________________________ 二、定語從句 修飾名詞或代詞、用作定語的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句的特點是：從句前面有個各詞或代詞（先行詞），從句必須由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。關系代詞有who, whom, which, that, as, 它們在從句中做主語或賓語：whose在從句中做定語，

12、whose后必須有一個名詞。如whose parents, whose top等。 關系副詞有：when, where, why，在從名中只能做狀語。 注：運用定語從句必須注意兩點：由關系代詞或關系副詞所替代的成分在從句中不能重復出現(xiàn)：定語從句與簡單句一樣，也要求句子結構既正確又完整。 如：將下列每組句子連成一個含定語從句的復合句，并分析定語從句成分。 1. The foreigner is from Canada. He visited our class. The foreigner who(主語) visited(謂語) our class(賓語) yesterday is f

13、rom Canada. 2. Mrs. Wang is the teacher. Her son was admitted to Beijing University. Miss Wang is the teacher whose(定語) son(主語) was admitted(謂語) (whose后有son, who代her) to Beijing University. 3．Our teacher told us such a story. It moved us all to tears. Our teacher told us such a story as(主語) move

14、d(謂語) us all(賓語)(as代it做主語, it不重復出現(xiàn)) to tears. 4．I will never forget the days. We worked in that small town in those days. I will never forget the days when we(主語) worked(謂語) in that small town. 定語從句練習： （一） 將下列每組句子連成一個含定語從句的復合句，并分析定語從句的成分。 1. The noodles were delicious. I cooked the noodles. __

15、____________________________________________________________ 2. The factory is in the west of the city. His father works in that factory. ______________________________________________________________ 3. They planted the trees. The trees didn’t need much water. __________________________________

16、____________________________ 4. I have a friend. Her father is an engineer. ______________________________________________________________ （二）把下列句子譯成英語。 1．他去年寫的那本書深受讀者歡迎。 2．我媽媽教書的那所學校建于1930年。 ______________________________________________________________ 3．那個在會上做報告的人是我們的校長。 4．她就是那個語音很好

17、的女孩。 ______________________________________________________________ 三、狀語從句 狀語從句修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞和副詞，由從屬連詞引導，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。狀語從句在句首時，往往有逗號使從句與主句隔開。 引導狀語從句的連詞分類： 狀語從句 連詞 時間 when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when, each time, every

18、time, the first time, the minute, the second, the day, immediately 地點 where, wherever, everywhere 條件 if, unless, providing/provided that, supposing/suppose that, as long as, so long as, on condition that, in case, only if, if only 原因 Because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that,

19、 in fact, in view of the fact(鑒于) 讓步 though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter wh-, for all that, granted, whether…or…, in spite of the fact that 比較 as, than, the same as, not so…as, as…as 方式 as if, as though 目的 that, in orde

20、r that, so that, in case, for fear that, lest 結果 so that, so…that, such…that, but that… 在寫好簡單句的基礎上，要寫好含狀語從句的復合句，掌握引導每種狀語從句的連詞是關鍵，因為狀語從句內(nèi)的結構與簡單句相同，我們需要什么狀語從句，只需在句前加上相應的連詞既可。當然我們還需要分清復合句中哪是主句，哪是從句。 如：（1）當你再讀這首詩后（從句），你將更明白它的含義（主句）。 When you read the poem a second time, you will understand it bette

21、r. 從句中，除了多了連詞When外，you read the poem a second time與簡單句結構相同。 （2）客人每到一處，都受到熱鬧歡迎。 Whenever they went, the guests were warmly welcomed. The guests were warmly welcomed whenever they went. 狀語從句練習：把下列每兩個句子連接成含狀語從句的復合句。 1. You will be late. You leave immediately. ____________________________________

22、__________________________ 2. I was walking in the street. I saw an old friend of mine. ______________________________________________________________ 3. I may fail a thousand times. I won’t give up. ______________________________________________________________ 4. He is considered to be a good

23、 writer. His works are not widely read. ______________________________________________________________ 5. We study very hard. We can work well in the future. ______________________________________________________________ 6. You can go to work in the place. Your father worked there when he was yo

24、ung.________________________________________________________ 要寫好復合句最后需要注意的問題：千萬不要交漢語一一對譯成英語，一定要注意所寫復合句符合英語句子結構的特點及復合句中句子成分的完整。如“到車站時，他發(fā)一火車已經(jīng)走了”，如果一一對譯，則容易誤譯為：When arrived at the station, he found the train had already left. 其實前面已經(jīng)講過，從句與簡單句一樣，需講究句子結構的完整性，只不過從句前有很明顯，缺少主語，需在when后加上he。 綜合練習： （一） 請補全下

25、列復合句被遺漏的成分。 1. He said at the meeting astonished us all. 2. Tom won the first prize made his parents very happy. 3. It was in Beijing I met him for the first time. 4. Go and get your coat. It’s where you left. 5. Anyone is late for class should say sorry to the teacher. 6. You can have no idea

26、 he said. 7. Please tell me when discuss the important problem. 8. Keep it in mind you have to be home by ten o’clock. 9. I’ll never forget the time we worked on the farm. 10. After the war, a new school was put up where had been a temple. （二） 將下列句子翻譯成英語。 1．她在丟失計算器的地方打到了它。 2．無論你說什么，我都不會改變主意

27、。 ______________________________________________________________ 3．我是昨天下午才知道這個消息的。 4．李兵贏了比賽讓我們大吃一驚。 ______________________________________________________________ 5．聽到這個消息的時候，他們禁不住大聲歡呼起來。 ______________________________________________________________ 復合句練習答案 名詞性從句練習: (一) 1.that 2.where

28、 3.whether 4.What 5.that 6.whoever 7.why 8.how 9.whatever 10.where （二）1．This is why we don’t agree to your plan. 2. That he could be admitted to Beijing University was what we had expected. 3. Mother promised me that she would take good care of herself. 4. They haven’t decided when they

29、will set off. 5. It was clear that he was lying to us. 6. It was reported that she our team had won the gold medal. 7. It was strange that she should have been so rude. 8. We made it a rule that we should practice oral English for an hour every day. 定語從句練習答案： (一) 1. The noodles which I cook

30、ed were delicious. 2. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 3. They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 4. I have a friend whose father is an engineer. (二) 1. The book which/that he wrote last year is popular with the readers. 2. The school where my mother

31、works was built in 1930. 3. The person who is speaking at the meeting is our headmaster. 4. She is the girl whose pronunciation is very good. 狀語從句練習答案： 1. You will be late unless you leave immediately. 2. I was walking in the street when I saw an old friend of mine. 3. Even if I may fail a tho

32、usand times, I won’t give up. 4. Although he is considered to be a good writer, his works are not widely read. 5. We study hard so that/in order that we can work well in the future. 6. You can go to work where your father worked when he was young. 綜合練習： (一)1. he前加what, what做said的賓語, what he sai

33、d at the meeting是主要眾句. 2. Tom前加That, That Tom won the first prize是主語從句, that不能省略. 3. Beijing后加that，這是一個強調(diào)句。 4. left后加it, It’s where you left it, it在從句中做賓語。 5. Anyone后加who, who is late for class是定語從句。 6. idea后加what. what做said的賓語。 7. when后加we shall, when we shall discuss the important problem是賓語

34、從句。 8. mind后加that, that引導賓語從句。 9. time后加when, when引導定語從句。 10. where后加there, where had been a temple是狀語從句。 (二)1. She found her calculator where she lost it. 2. They couldn’t help cheering up when they heard the news. 3. It was not until yesterday afternoon that I knew the news. 4. That Li Bing won the match surprised us all. 5. whatever/No matter what you may say, I won’t change my mind.