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1、Unit 4 Earthquakes 一、 詞匯 聯(lián)想串記 1．________ (vt.)損害；傷害→injury (n.)傷害；損害→injured (adj.)受傷的 2．________ (n.)電；電流；電學(xué)→electric (adj.)用電的；帶電的→electrical (adj.)與電有關(guān)的；電學(xué)的 3．________ (vt.)使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened (adj.)受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening (adj.)令人恐懼的 4．_____________ (n.)祝賀；_____________ (復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→congratulate (vt.

2、)祝賀 高頻單詞 1．burst vt. & vi.(使)爆裂；(使)裂開(kāi)；(使)炸開(kāi)；突然出現(xiàn)；爆發(fā)　n．突然破裂；爆發(fā) [教材原句]In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26) 在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物的水管爆裂開(kāi)來(lái)。 [方法規(guī)律] 部分同學(xué)對(duì)burst into和burst out后面跟什么形式分不清，名師告訴你：into是介詞，后面當(dāng)然要接名詞，如tears，laughter等；out是副詞，后面須用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，如crying，laughing等。另外，burst in中的in是

3、副詞，不接賓語(yǔ)，需接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用into。在burst with＋名詞中，with表示原因。你記住了嗎？ ①M(fèi)y English teacher's humor was such as to make every student ________ ________ ________. 我的英語(yǔ)老師的幽默就是如此(好笑)，以至于每個(gè)同學(xué)都哈哈大笑起來(lái)。 ②Hearing the news, she ________ ________ ________. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，她突然哭了起來(lái)。 ③Last night the room ________ ________ ________ but n

4、othing was taken away. 昨晚有人闖入房間但沒(méi)有帶走任何東西。 ④He felt he would burst with anger and shame. 他惱羞成怒，都要?dú)庹恕? ⑤His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause. 他一登上臺(tái)就博得一陣熱烈的掌聲。 [巧學(xué)助記](méi) burst的多層含義 答案：①burst into laughter/burst out laughing?、赽urst into tears/burst out crying?、踳as bu

5、rst into 2.event n．事件，大事；(體育比賽等的)項(xiàng)目，賽事 [教材原句]But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events,_were asleep as usual that night.(P26) 但是那天晚上城市里的一百萬(wàn)市民還像平常一樣在睡覺(jué)，對(duì)此事不以為然。 When will the field and track events be held? 田徑賽將在什么時(shí)候舉行？ 詞語(yǔ)辨析 accident 指“意外的事”，事故。 event 通常指較重要

6、的事件，“大事” incident 常指較小的事件；也可指可能會(huì)發(fā)展成戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等的政治事件。 用incident，accident，event的適當(dāng)形式填空。 ①Which ________ have you entered for in the school sports meet? ②A strange ________ happened in the wedding ceremony. ③There was a car ________ yesterday, which caused three deaths. 答案：①events?、趇ncident　③accident 3

7、．ruin n．[U]毀壞；毀滅；崩潰　[C](pl.)廢墟；遺跡　v．(使)破產(chǎn)；(使)墮落；毀滅 [教材原句]In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(P26) 在可怕的15秒內(nèi)，一座大城市就成為一片廢墟。 必會(huì) be/lie in ruins成為廢墟(注意復(fù)數(shù)形式) bring sb. to ruin使某人失?。皇箖A家蕩產(chǎn) 拓展 come/fall to/into ruin毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉 ruin one's health/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù) ①The whole city ____

8、____ ________ ________ after Wenchuan Earthquake. 汶川地震之后，這座城市成為了廢墟。 ②That small mistake ________ ________ ________ of getting the job. 那個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤斷送了他得到那份工作的機(jī)會(huì)。 ③The farm has long been abandoned and come to ruin.這家農(nóng)場(chǎng)很早就已廢棄了，成了廢墟。 ④Drink was your father's ruin and it'll be the ruin of you, too.喝酒毀了你父親

9、，也會(huì)毀了你的。 詞語(yǔ) 辨析 ruin 表示“毀滅，毀壞”，是指在一定過(guò)程中逐漸對(duì)物體進(jìn)行破壞，使其毀滅。也可用于抽象意義。 damage 表示“損害，損壞”，通常是指對(duì)物體的部分的損害，往往暗示損壞后價(jià)值、效率、功能可能降低，但這種破壞具有可修復(fù)性。damage也可用于指抽象意義?？捎米鲃?dòng)詞或名詞，作名詞時(shí)與介詞to搭配，如cause damage to。 destroy 表示“毀壞”，通常指徹底毀掉或毀滅，其功能無(wú)法或難以修復(fù)，也可用于損壞抽象的東西，如名譽(yù)、計(jì)劃、契約等。 [巧學(xué)助記](méi) After the collision, he examined the co

10、nsiderable damage to his car. Fortunately it was not completely ruined/destroyed. 撞車(chē)之后，他檢查了受重創(chuàng)的車(chē)。所幸的是車(chē)還沒(méi)完全報(bào)廢。 答案：①was/lay in ruins?、趓uined his chance ① He suffered serious injuries to the arms and legs. 他的胳膊和腿都受了重傷。 ②The young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin was swimming. 那位年輕婦女

11、進(jìn)入了那個(gè)水池，一頭受傷的海豚正在水池里游動(dòng)。 ③I know drinking can ________ ________ ________. 我知道喝酒對(duì)人健康有害。 ④She ________ ________ while skating.她在滑冰時(shí)受了傷。 ⑤________ ________ were taken to the hospital.受傷者被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。 詞語(yǔ) 辨析 injure 多指意外事故造成的傷害，也可指對(duì)名譽(yù)、地位的損害 wound 指人在戰(zhàn)斗、攻擊中受傷，身體上出現(xiàn)明顯的傷口，多指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷 hurt 多指精神上受到傷害，也

12、可指身體上的疼痛 harm 指身體或精神上的損害或?qū)χ車(chē)挛锏奈：?。意為“傷害，損害，有害于”。常用短語(yǔ)do harm to “對(duì)……有害”。 答案：③injure one's health?、躻as injured/injured herself?、軹he injured 5．track n．軌道；行蹤；路徑 [教材原句]The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.(P26) 火車(chē)鐵軌現(xiàn)在卻變成了無(wú)用的鋼條。 [名師點(diǎn)撥] follow sb.'s track跟蹤某人/tracks in the snow雪地上的足跡

13、/a track through a forest林中小道/a single (double) track單(雙)軌/track events徑賽項(xiàng)目 6．trap vt.使陷入困境；困??；誘騙　n．陷阱；困境；圈套 [教材原句]Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.(P26) 有些救援人員和醫(yī)生被困在廢墟下。 必會(huì) be trapped in困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb. into doing sth.誘騙某人做某事 拓展 lay/set a trap設(shè)置陷阱；布下圈套

14、 walk/fall into a trap鉆入/落入陷阱或圈套 ①The firefighters rescued a boy who ________ ________ in the burning house. 消防隊(duì)員從失火的房子里救出了一個(gè)被困的男孩。 ②She was trapped ________ ________ him. 她被誘騙嫁給了他。 答案：①was trapped?、趇nto marrying 7．bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專(zhuān)心；插入，刺入 [教材原句]The army organized teams to dig out those

15、 who were trapped and to bury the dead.(P26) 救援部隊(duì)組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來(lái)，并將死者掩埋。 必會(huì) (1)be buried in 埋頭于；專(zhuān)心于 be buried/lost in thought 沉思 (2)bury oneself in study埋頭研究；專(zhuān)心學(xué)習(xí) bury one's face in one's hands 雙手掩面 ①The paper ________ ________ under a pile of books. 那份文件被埋在書(shū)堆里了。 ②He has learned to ________

16、 ________ ________. 他學(xué)會(huì)了掩飾內(nèi)心的情感。 ③由于他埋頭于書(shū)本，他不知道外面下雨了。(一句多譯) his books, he didn't know it was raining outside. [方法規(guī)律]be buried in和be absorbed/lost in意思相似，注意介詞in的使用。另外還有fix/focus one's attention on和pay attention to。 答案：①was buried?、赽ury his feelings ③a.As he buried himself in b．As he was buri

17、ed in c．Buried in 8．shock vt. & vi.(使)震驚　n．休克；打擊；震驚 必會(huì) be shocked at/by 對(duì)……感到震驚 a great shock 令人震驚的人或事 be a shock to sb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)打擊 shocking adj.令人震驚的 ①The news of his death in the flood was shocking,_and all his employees got shocked at it. 他在洪災(zāi)中遇難的消息令人震驚，他的所有員工都對(duì)此感到震驚。 ②I ________ ________

18、 ________ his wild idea. 我因他的狂妄想法而震驚。 ③His death ________ ________ ________ to us all. 他的去世對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)打擊。 答案：②was shocked by/at?、踳as a shock 9．shelter n．[U]掩蔽；遮蔽；庇護(hù)；棲身地　vi.躲避　vt.提供庇護(hù)所 [教材原句]Workers built shelters for survivors who...(P26) 工人們?yōu)槟切┬掖嬲叽钇饚づ瘛? 必會(huì) take shelter from躲避…… under the sh

19、elter of在……的庇護(hù)下；受……的保護(hù) a bus shelter公共汽車(chē)亭 拓展 give sb. shelter庇護(hù)某人 shelter sb./sth. from庇護(hù)某人/某物免受 ①We ________ ________ ________ the rain in a bus stop. It was a good shelter here. 我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)公共汽車(chē)站里避雨，這兒是一個(gè)很好的庇護(hù)場(chǎng)所。 ②Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. 每個(gè)路燈傘都會(huì)為幾個(gè)人提供足夠的遮蔽。

20、 答案：①took shelter from 10．judge vt.斷定；判斷；判決　n．裁判員；法官 [教材原句]Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,_all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(P26) 五個(gè)裁判聽(tīng)了你的演講，他們都同意這是今年最好的演講。 必會(huì) judge...from/by...從……來(lái)判斷 as far as I can judge據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為 judging by/from從……上看；根據(jù)……判斷 拓展 judgeme

21、nt n. 判斷；審判；意見(jiàn)；判斷力 in one's judgement 依某人看來(lái)，按某人的看法 ①I(mǎi)t is true that we can't judge a book by its cover. 我們不能以貌取人，此話(huà)沒(méi)錯(cuò)。 ②________ ________ his expression, he was satisfied with my work. 從他的表情判斷，他對(duì)我的工作很滿(mǎn)意。 ③As far as I can judge, it is he rather than you is to blame. 據(jù)我判斷，是他而不是你該受責(zé)備。 [名師點(diǎn)撥] j

22、udging from/by表示“從……上看，根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷”，用在句首時(shí)，為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，而不采用過(guò)去分詞的形式。 答案：②Judging from/by 二、 短語(yǔ) 1．think little/nothing of以為……沒(méi)什么了不起；對(duì)……滿(mǎn)不在乎；輕視；忽視 [教材原句]But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.(P26) 但唐山市的一百萬(wàn)居民幾乎都沒(méi)把這些情

23、況當(dāng)回事兒，當(dāng)天晚上照常上床睡覺(jué)了 ①She can't get along well with her classmates because she often ________ ________ ________ others. 她無(wú)法與她的同學(xué)友好相處，因?yàn)樗?jīng)常說(shuō)別人的壞話(huà)。 ②I don't think much of her idea. 我認(rèn)為她的主意不怎么樣。 ③She sang high praise for the teacher, although she complained about his strictness. 盡管抱怨老師過(guò)于嚴(yán)格，她還是高度贊揚(yáng)他。

24、 [名師點(diǎn)撥] 當(dāng)think highly/well/much of...用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，副詞應(yīng)放于其修飾的動(dòng)詞前，即be highly/well/much thought of。 ④His work ________ ________ ________ ________ by the critics. 他的作品深受評(píng)論家推崇。 答案：①speaks ill of　④is well/highly thought of 2．a(chǎn)t an end結(jié)束；終結(jié) [教材原句]It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26) 好像世界末日到了。

25、 (2020·廣東閱讀A)As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. 一聽(tīng)到這句話(huà)，你就知道會(huì)議要結(jié)束了。 必會(huì) at the end of在……盡頭，在……末端 by the end of...到……結(jié)束時(shí)，到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?與完成時(shí)連用) in the end最后，終于 come to an end結(jié)束 拓展 put/bring sth. to an end結(jié)束…… make (both) ends meet使收支相抵，量入為出；靠微薄收入為生 end up結(jié)束，告終 [方法規(guī)律]at an en

26、d后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接時(shí)間名詞，也可接地點(diǎn)名詞；by the end of后面接表示時(shí)間的名詞，謂語(yǔ)要與完成時(shí)連用：by the end of＋過(guò)去時(shí)間，謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；by the end of＋將來(lái)時(shí)間，謂語(yǔ)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 ①He's going to relax with friends once the exams are ________ ________ ________ and he has exciting plans for the summer holidays. 考試一結(jié)束他就去和朋友一起放松一下，他的暑假計(jì)劃很激動(dòng)人

27、心。 ②By the end of last year, he ________ learned two thousand English words. 到去年底為止，他已學(xué)了2000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 ③They decided to ________ ________ ________ ________ the quarrel. 他們決定結(jié)束爭(zhēng)吵。 ④At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing. 最初他拒不承認(rèn)有任何責(zé)任，到頭來(lái)還是道了歉。 答案：①at an end?、趆

28、ad　③put an end to 3．a(chǎn) (great) number of許多；大量的 [教材原句]Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27) 那么多的人喪生是因?yàn)榈卣鸢l(fā)生在人們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候。 必會(huì) ＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) ＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 必會(huì) ＋不可數(shù)名詞 ＋ ①We received a good many offers of support. 我們收到了許多支持的建議。 ②He said the police had

29、 found huge quantities of explosives during the search operation. 他說(shuō)警方在進(jìn)行搜查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的爆炸物品。 ③Large quantities of polluted water ________ (pour) into the river. 大量的污水已被傾注到河里。 ④Now ________ ________ ________ college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job. But ________ ________ ________ posts ava

30、ilable for them is often not enough. 現(xiàn)在，很多大學(xué)畢業(yè)生都想謀求高工資的工作。但是提供給他們的職位數(shù)量通常不足。 [名師點(diǎn)撥] ①the number of意為“……的數(shù)量”，其后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或具有復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞。用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用單數(shù)形式。 ②a great/large quantity of...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；large quantities of...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：③have been poured?、躠 number of/a great/good many；the number of 三、句型

31、 1．too...to...結(jié)構(gòu) [教材原句]In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.(P26) 在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至是豬都緊張得不想進(jìn)食。 [句式分析]句中too nervous to eat屬于too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：如此……以至于不……。 ①I(mǎi)t's too good an opportunity to miss. 那是太好的一次機(jī)會(huì)而不能錯(cuò)過(guò)。 [方法規(guī)律](1)too...to...與not或never連用時(shí)，不定式為肯定意義。not/never too.

32、..to...意為“無(wú)論……也不過(guò)分，越……越好”。 ②It's ________ ________ careful to cross the road. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)越小心越好。 (2)當(dāng)too...to...用來(lái)修飾表示態(tài)度、情緒、傾向等的形容詞(如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing)時(shí)，不定式為肯定意義。 ③He is ________ ________ to follow others' advice. 他極愿意接受別人的意見(jiàn)。 答案：②not/never too　③too willing 2．“It seems th

33、at/as if＋句子”句式 [教材原句]It seemed as_if the world was at an end！(P26) 仿佛到了世界末日！ [句式分析]as if＝as though“好像，仿佛”，在句中引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 [方法規(guī)律](1)如果所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的情況是真實(shí)的或是極有可能發(fā)生的情況時(shí)，句子要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如例① (2)當(dāng)說(shuō)話(huà)人所陳述的是不真實(shí)的或極少可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如例②③ 若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，be動(dòng)詞通常用were；表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，用had＋過(guò)去分詞；表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，則用would＋動(dòng)詞原形。

34、 ①I(mǎi)t looks as if it is going to snow. 看起來(lái)似乎要下雪。 ②When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as_if it ________ broken. 當(dāng)把鉛筆的一部分放進(jìn)水里時(shí)，它看上去好像斷了。 ③He talked about Rome as if he ________ ________ there before. 他說(shuō)起羅馬來(lái)好像他以前去過(guò)似的。 [名師點(diǎn)撥] 如果as if 引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且含有be 動(dòng)詞，可省略從句主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞

35、，這樣as if后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞。 He opened his mouth as if to say something. 他張開(kāi)嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。 答案：②were?、踙ad been 3．部分否定和全部否定結(jié)構(gòu) [教材原句]All hope was not lost.(P26) 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。 [句式分析]該句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝not all...，意為“并非所有的……都……”。 [方法規(guī)律](1)當(dāng)not與all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everyth

36、ing，whole等具有全部意義的不定代詞或形容詞連用時(shí)，無(wú)論not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意為“并非都”。 (2)no，none，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。 ①All the students did not go to see the movie “Under the Hawthorn Tree”．＝________ ________ ________ ________ went to see the movie “Under the Hawthorn Tree”． 并非所有的學(xué)生都去看電影《山楂樹(shù)之戀》了。 ②Every b

37、oy is not interested in sports.＝________ ________ ________ is interested in sports. 并非所有的男孩都喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。 ③Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall. 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次參觀長(zhǎng)城。 ④All friends do not study well. →________________________(變?yōu)橥x句) →________________________(變?yōu)橥?/p>

38、全否定句) 答案：①Not all the students?、贜ot every boy　④Not all of my friends study well；None of my friends study well 四、語(yǔ)法 定語(yǔ)從句(Ⅰ) 1．(2020·湖南改編)Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 答案：who　句意：快樂(lè)和成功經(jīng)常會(huì)眷顧那些善于欣賞自己優(yōu)點(diǎn)的人。分析句子成分可知，“________ are good at

39、 recognizing their own strengths”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故用who引導(dǎo)。 2．Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile phone ________ functions are more practical. 答案：whose　考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞a smart mobile phone與從句中functions構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。 3．“God，please don't let anything happen today ________ I

40、 can't handle. ”This was my daily prayer during my first year of teaching. 答案：that　考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：上帝，今天請(qǐng)不要發(fā)生任何我無(wú)法處理的事情，這是我第一年教學(xué)時(shí)每天要祈禱的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞為不定代詞anything。故用that不用which。 4．—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first thr

41、ee prizes. 答案：who/that　根據(jù)句法，這是個(gè)分隔式定語(yǔ)從句，從句“________ won the first three prizes”缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞“All the storytellers”指人，所以用關(guān)系代詞who或that，且不能省略。 5．The Great Wall is the place ________ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing. 答案：which/that　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________almost all tourists would like to visit”為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the place，關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)visit的賓語(yǔ)，故填which或that。