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1、 Unit 1? Nothing ventured, nothing gained 一、核心單詞用法例析 1. venture　vt. & vi. 冒險(xiǎn)；敢于去。。。。。。 n. 冒險(xiǎn)行動(dòng)；商業(yè)冒險(xiǎn)，投機(jī) Don’t venture too near the edge of the well; you might fall in.別冒險(xiǎn)太靠近水井，那樣你會(huì)掉進(jìn)去的。 He failed in his ventures.他投機(jī)失敗了。 2. strengthen　vt. & vi. 加強(qiáng)、鞏固；變強(qiáng)　 The wind strengthened during the night.夜

2、晚，風(fēng)吹得更大了。 3. bear　 n.熊、粗魯?shù)娜?、笨拙的人；vt. & vi.　負(fù)擔(dān)、忍受、佩帶、經(jīng)得起、生育 She is nice but her husband is such a bear that nobody likes him.她很好，可是她丈夫非常粗魯，沒(méi)有人喜歡他。 The sound of music was borne on the wind.音樂(lè)聲隨風(fēng)飄揚(yáng)。 She bore (has borne) her husband 5 children.她給她丈夫生了５個(gè)孩子。 注：bear過(guò)去分詞是borne和born，born只有在were/was born

3、短語(yǔ)中。比如： I was born in Beijing in May. 4. delay 　vt. & vi.; n. （使）耽擱、推遲、延誤 Don’t delay; act today.別拖延，今天就開(kāi)始行動(dòng)。 We decided to delay (going on) our holiday until next month. 5. crush? vt. & vi.?? n.　壓碎、弄皺、擁抱；塞、使擠入 This material doesn’t crush.這種料子不會(huì)打皺的。 The young mother crushes the baby into her

4、breast 那年輕的媽媽把孩子緊緊地抱在懷里。 6. rank? n.? vt. & vi.　排、橫列、把．．．．．分等／評(píng)級(jí)；adj.繁茂、過(guò)于肥沃的、腥臭的 Each rank has a name.每一個(gè)等級(jí)都有名稱(chēng)。 Taxis stand in a (taxi) rank waiting to be hired.出租車(chē)排成一列等候乘客。 Cut the rank grass.把這些繁茂的青草割掉。 7. select? vt. & vi.? adj.?? 挑選、選擇、精選的 Most of the delegates to the conference are sele

5、cted from advanced workers.大多數(shù)與會(huì)代表是從先進(jìn)工作者中挑選出來(lái)的。 8. collect? vt. & vi. 　收集、采集、集中、接走、堆積 I tried to collect my thoughts but was too excited.我試圖集中思想，可是太激動(dòng)了。 She’ll come around to collect her son.她會(huì)來(lái)接她兒子的。 9. swear? vt. & vi.? n.? 宣誓、發(fā)誓、罵；誓言、罵人的話 He swore to obey.他發(fā)誓要遵守規(guī)矩。 10. freeze? vt. & vi.? n

6、. （使）結(jié)冰、凝固、感到極冷、嚴(yán)寒期 Fresh water freeze at 0°C.淡水在零度結(jié)冰。 The road is frozen hard.路上的冰結(jié)得很厚。 11. gratitude? n.? 感激、感恩、感謝 She showed me her gratitude by inviting me to dinner. He sent me some flowers out of gratitude. 12. rarely? adv.? 稀少、不平凡地、極好地 Rarely have I seen such a rarely beautiful sunset.

7、請(qǐng)比較：I have rarely seen…我很稀少看到這么美麗的日落。 13. long? adj. adv. n. vi.?? 長(zhǎng)的、長(zhǎng)期（地）、渴望（for） He is taking a long time to get there.他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才到達(dá)那里。 I can’t wait much longer.我不能等太久。 Children are longing for the Spring Festival.孩子們渴望春節(jié)的來(lái)臨。 14. tear? n.? vt. & vi. 眼淚、撕開(kāi)、撕拽、扯 The little boy burst into tears w

8、hen the sweets were taken away from in front of him.當(dāng)有人把糖從他面前拿走時(shí)，那小孩子放聲大哭起來(lái)了。 This material tears easily, so be careful when you wear it.這布料很容易撕裂，你穿時(shí)要小心。 15. struggle? n. vi. 斗爭(zhēng)、奮斗、努力、掙扎 With a struggle, he controlled his feelings.他努力控制住自己的感情。 He struggled to the surface as the water dragged him

9、 down.當(dāng)水把他往下拽的時(shí)候，他掙扎著浮到水面上來(lái)。 二、詞組句型用法全解 1. set out?? 出發(fā)、開(kāi)始、裝飾、宣布、陳述、移植、設(shè)計(jì) He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.他開(kāi)始粉刷整個(gè)屋子，可是才刷完前面的那部分。 The wall was set out with pictures.這墻上被用畫(huà)字裝飾著。 真題：It’s ten years since the scientist ____ on his life’s work of discovering the

10、 valuable chemical.(江蘇) A. made for?? B. set out?? C. took off?? D. turned up 解析：此句意思是：自從那位科學(xué)家“開(kāi)始”工作至今有十年時(shí)間了。故選B。 2. give way to?? 給……讓路、屈服撤退、跨掉 Don’t give way to grief.不要過(guò)度悲傷。 The barren land has given way to green vegetation.不毛之地已蓋滿蔥綠的作物。 3. give off? 發(fā)出（液體、氣味、蒸汽、光等） What gives off a bad sm

11、ell?什么東西發(fā)出臭味??？ give off和give out區(qū)別：give out：“分發(fā)、公布、耗盡”、“發(fā)出（氣味、熱）”。比如： The enemy’s supplies began to give out.敵人的供給即將耗盡了。 Tom gave himself out to be a good swimmer.湯姆自稱(chēng)是優(yōu)秀的游泳選手。 4. remind sb of sth? 提醒某人某事 The sight of this picture reminds me of my childhood.這幅畫(huà)子使我想起了童年。 5. stare at 盯著看…… It’s

12、 rude to stare at others.盯著別人看是不禮貌的。 6. on earth? 究竟、在世界上。 “地球”還是要用the earth表示。 She is the most beautiful woman on earth.她是世上最漂亮的女人. What on earth are you doing there?你到底在那里干什么? 7. in sight (of ) 見(jiàn)到(。。。。。。) Peace is in sight at last after 2 years of war.經(jīng)過(guò)兩年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，和平終于來(lái)臨了。 8. above all? 首先、最重要的

13、 What we shall learn, above all, is how to study.我們首先（最重要的）是要學(xué)會(huì)如何學(xué)習(xí)。 9. deal with 與……?? 做生意、應(yīng)付、對(duì)付、安排、處理 Deal with a man as he deals with you.以其人之道，還治其人之身。 10. think of…? 想、考慮、想到、想起。。。。。。 We are thinking of going to France for our holidays but we’ve not decided for certain yet.我們打算去法國(guó)度假，可是還沒(méi)有最后確定

14、下來(lái)。 11. be about to do sth? 按計(jì)劃安排即將要發(fā)生。。。。。。 When I was about to leave she came back.我正準(zhǔn)備離去時(shí)她回來(lái)了。 I am not about to stop when I’m so close to success.我不會(huì)放棄的，因?yàn)槲乙殉晒υ谕恕? 12. die down? 漸漸消失、變?nèi)? It took a long time for the excitement to die down.過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間激動(dòng)的情緒才平靜下來(lái)。 13. be particular about… 挑剔、（過(guò)于）講究

15、 He is very particular about having his breakfast at exactly 8 o’clock.他非常講究，要在八點(diǎn)正吃早飯。 14. There’s no doubt that? 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)。。。。。。 There’s no doubt that he will come.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他會(huì)來(lái)的。 注意：在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，doubt后要用that-clause，不能用whether/if從句。請(qǐng)比較： I don’t doubt that he will come.我毫不懷疑，他會(huì)來(lái)的。 I doubt whether it is true. 我

16、懷疑這是否真實(shí)。 15. I don’t mind if…? 我不在乎/不管 。。。。。。 I don’t mind if it is cold or warm.我不在乎天氣冷還是熱。 注意： 1）mind后面可以接各種各樣的連詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。比如： I don’t mind how you do it, as long as you get it finished quickly.我不管你怎么做，只要你能盡快地做完這件事。 2）在would mind…句型中,從句用過(guò)去式（虛擬語(yǔ)氣），表示“禮貌”。比如： Would you mind if I smoked in here?

17、　但要說(shuō)：Do you mind if I smoke in here? —Have some more beer?再喝一點(diǎn)啤酒吧？ —I don’t mind if I do.(= thank you, I like some)好的，再喝一點(diǎn)吧。 16. It’s clear that…? 很明顯。。。。。。 It’s clear from his actions that he loves her.從他的行動(dòng)看，他很明顯愛(ài)上了她。 It’s clear that we should read aloud more in the morning.很顯然，我們?cè)谠绯恳嗬首x。 17

18、. What qualities do you think…..? 你（們）認(rèn)為。。。。。。什么樣的品質(zhì)？do you think是插入語(yǔ)，是用來(lái)征求別人的意見(jiàn)和看法。請(qǐng)比較： Whose opinion is right? Whose opinion do you think is right? （你認(rèn)為）誰(shuí)的看法正確？ 三、課文長(zhǎng)句難句剖析 1. The smell is, as usual, almost unbearable, being a mixture of sweat, seal oil fat, and dirty underwear. 剖析：being a mi

19、xture of sweat, seal oil fat, and dirty underwear是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)unbearable的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步解釋unbearable的原因。 譯文：氣味像平時(shí)一樣幾乎讓人無(wú)法忍受,有汗味、海豹油味，還有骯臟內(nèi)衣的氣味。 2. I try to think of happier things: warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, my mother’s face and the celebration we will get when we return, for I am part

20、 of a failed expedition that tried to cross the continent of Antarctica, something that had never been done before. 剖析：try to的意思是：努力去做。。。。。。／試圖想要。。。。。。（但往往沒(méi)有做成功）　　比如：Jack tried to stand up on the head but (he) failed.杰克想用頭著地倒立，可是沒(méi)有立起來(lái)。 think of是“想起、想到、認(rèn)為”等意思。比如：She felt afraid when she thought of

21、the story his boy friend told her the other day.她一想起男朋友那天給她講的故事就感到害怕。 3. … for I am part of a failed expedition that tried to cross the continent of Antarctica, something that had never been done before. for 引導(dǎo)的“順便表示原因的”狀語(yǔ)從句。比如：Tom didn’t come today for he is ill.湯姆今天沒(méi)來(lái)，因?yàn)樗×恕ecause是用來(lái)回答why提出的問(wèn)題

22、的，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)；since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，含有“前提條件、前提原因”的意思。比如：——Why didn’t you come to my birthday party last weekend? 你為什么不來(lái)參加我上一個(gè)周末的生日聚會(huì)？ ——Because I was away on business in Shanghai. 因?yàn)槲页霾钤谏虾Ｄ?。Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another.既然這個(gè)方法不行，我們?cè)囉昧硪环N吧。在這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句里包含兩個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾expedition 和something，somet

23、hing 指to cross the continent of Antarctica這一件事。 注意：“。。。中的一員”英語(yǔ)要說(shuō)成：… be part of … 。part 前面不能有冠詞a，比如：Our class is a big family and everyone here is part of this big family.我們班級(jí)是個(gè)大家庭，在座的每一個(gè)人都是這個(gè)家庭中的一員。 Something意思是“重要的～、了不起的、含糊的概念”等。比如：At least we didn’t lose any money. That’s something.　至少我們沒(méi)有丟錢(qián)。這才是

24、最重要的。 譯文：我竭力地想著更加高興的事情：溫暖干燥的衣服、一張舒適的床、陽(yáng)光燦爛的日子、媽媽的面龐和我們回到家時(shí)我們將要得到的慶祝，因?yàn)槲沂窃噲D橫穿南極大陸這個(gè)失敗的探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)里的一員，這也是史無(wú)前例壯舉。 真題：Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do.(04湖南) A. anything?? B. something?? C. everything?? D. nothing 解析：something指不明確、含糊的事情。故選B。 4. So it was with great excitement one morni

25、ng in July 1914 that I read this advertisement:… 這是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，with great excitement one morning in July 1914是“被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分”。這種強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)可以被用來(lái)對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。比如： I met your parents in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇見(jiàn)你爸爸媽媽了。 It was I that/who met your parents in the street yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我”遇見(jiàn)～，不是“其他的人”） It was in t

26、he street that I met your parents yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“在街上”不是別的地方） It was yesterday that I met your parents in the street.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“昨天”不是其他的時(shí)間） 要注意從句里的主謂一致。比如： Tom has done this . It was Tom that/who has done this. 對(duì)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)用do 的適當(dāng)形式。比如： When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us co

27、uld not hide our tears. Tom did break the cup this morning. She does know the good news. We do want to help you with your maths. 5. He made me a steward to help cook twenty-eight meals three times a day. 剖析：to help cook twenty-eight meals three times a day是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，不是made的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 譯文：他讓我做船上的善務(wù)員，協(xié)助做２８

28、個(gè)人的一日三餐飯菜。 真題：An awful accident _____ , however, occur the other day. (2000全國(guó)) A. does??? B. did??? C. has to?? D. had to 解析：該句意思：可是，有一天的確發(fā)生了一件嚴(yán)重的事故。是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，只能用did強(qiáng)調(diào)occur,故選 B。 6. Calling us calmly together, he made an urgent announcement that we must save only essential supplies before the ship s

29、ank, particularly the small boats, food, cooking equipment, candles, bedding and clothes. 剖析：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)calling us calmly together作狀語(yǔ)，句子主語(yǔ)he執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作，但是，如果用having called us calmly together（現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）會(huì)更好，和made在時(shí)間的層次上顯得更加清楚；that引導(dǎo)同謂語(yǔ)從句，解釋announcement的內(nèi)容。 譯文：他鎮(zhèn)靜地把我們叫到一起，緊急宣布在船沉下去之前我們必須搶出一些基本的供給品，尤其是小船、食物、烹飪用具、

30、蠟燭、床上用品和衣服。 真題：_____such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(2001全國(guó)) 　　　A. Having suffered??? B. Suffering?? C. To suffer?? D. Suffered 解析：“已經(jīng)遭受。。。”要用現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)態(tài)表示。故選A。 真題：_____ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2020廣東) A. Not completi

31、ng??????? 　B. Not completed C. Not having completed?? 　D. Having not completed 解析：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式，“過(guò)去沒(méi)有做完，所以再逗留二周”。故選C。 7. No rescue attempt could be expected from outside as nobody knew where we were. 剖析：could be expected…是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)(fact)。as nobody knew where we were是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，是as從句中knew的賓語(yǔ)。 譯文：因?yàn)闊o(wú)人知道我

32、們?cè)谑裁吹胤?，所以別指望任何外部救援。 8. What Shackleton and his men must have felt doesn’t bear thinking about. 剖析：結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的“肯定猜測(cè)”。比如：The headmaster must have gone to bed, for there’s no light in his room.校長(zhǎng)一定已經(jīng)睡覺(jué)了，因?yàn)樗姆块g里沒(méi)有燈光了。 譯文：沙克爾頓和他的手下人肯定感覺(jué)到的東西是經(jīng)不起推敲的。 真題：Sorry I’m late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clo

33、ck and gone back to sleep again.(00北京) A. might?? B. should?? C. can?? D. will 解析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在該句中需要表示“推測(cè)”。故選A。 真題：—Are you coming to Jeff’s party? —I’m not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead.(2000全國(guó)) A. must?? B. would?? C. should?? D. might 解析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在該句中需要表示“推測(cè)”。故選D。 9. It’s no wonder that Frank

34、Wild, the kindest of men, describes “crying like a baby” when he saw Shackleton return at last with the rescue party. 剖析：這是復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句。It’s no wonder是naturally／of course 的意思。that…是賓語(yǔ)從句；when …是賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，return…是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作saw的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 譯文：怪不得，那個(gè)最善良的人弗蘭克。沃爾德描述道：當(dāng)他們看到沙克爾頓終于帶著營(yíng)救隊(duì)返回來(lái)時(shí)他們像孩子般地大哭起來(lái)了。 10. Left b

35、ehind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. 剖析：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)left behind既是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)又是伴隨狀語(yǔ)，主句主語(yǔ)we承受leave的動(dòng)作，所以用過(guò)去分詞（請(qǐng)比較“課文難句剖析６”）。 as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 譯文：我們被留在后面，注視著沙克爾頓和他的小船駛離象鼻島。 真題：____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famou

36、s universities in the United States.(00上海) 　　A. Being founded??? B. It was founded?? C. Founded?? D. Founding 解析：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)表示１）被動(dòng)，句子主語(yǔ)承受該動(dòng)作；２）過(guò)去已發(fā)生。故選C。 11. The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever returning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible d

37、elays, at first made us feel low and discouraged. 剖析：“of what lay ahead of them”、　“of them ever returning to find us” 和“that we might never know their fate and possible delays”分別作定語(yǔ)修飾其前面的名詞：“the danger， the chance和the fear” 。這三個(gè)名詞是并列的主語(yǔ)，made是謂語(yǔ)。 譯文：他們將面臨的危險(xiǎn)、回來(lái)尋找我們的機(jī)會(huì)、無(wú)從知曉他們的命運(yùn)以及可能出現(xiàn)的耽擱，起初使我們情緒低沉沮喪

38、。 四、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納梳理 本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中作定語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)比較多：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的詞（形容詞、名詞、數(shù)量詞、形容詞性物主代詞及少數(shù)副詞等）、短語(yǔ)（形容詞性短語(yǔ)、名詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）、從句（限制性定語(yǔ)從句、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）。定語(yǔ)是高考中重要的采分點(diǎn)，也是進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)?，F(xiàn)分述如下： １、單個(gè)的詞做定語(yǔ)： This is a valuable lesson Robert learned from the spider.這是羅伯特從蜘蛛那里學(xué)到的很有價(jià)值的一課。 The tea cup was broken by Tom yesterday.那茶杯是湯姆昨天打壞的。 I w

39、as made to help cook twenty-eight meals three times a day.我被迫一日三餐幫助做二十八個(gè)人的飯菜。 The boy asleep (=The sleeping boy）was adopted by the couple.睡覺(jué)的孩子是那對(duì)夫婦領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的。 The people there are all from a bankrupt factory.那里的那些人都是來(lái)自一個(gè)破產(chǎn)的工廠。 注意：１）以a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞通常只作表語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置；副詞和非限制性結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)也要后置。２）名詞做定語(yǔ)表示被修飾詞的用途、制作用的原料、時(shí)間、

40、空間、地點(diǎn)等；而形容詞做定語(yǔ)只對(duì)被修飾詞進(jìn)行描述。 真題； １．When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions. (2020廣西) A. careful?? B. practical?? C. effective?? D. acceptable 解析；practical和suggestions搭配，該句的邏輯才通順：“可行的建議”。故選B。 ２．—I’m very _____ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. (2002春招

41、) —Mmm, it does have a _____ smell. A. pleasant; pleased?? B. pleased; pleased;?? C. pleasant; pleasant?? D. pleased; pleasant 解析：be pleased with是“對(duì)某事滿意”意思；pleasant是“令人愉快”意思。故選D。 ２、短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)： Shackleton threw some gold coins and his gold watch onto the ice. 沙克爾頓把一些金幣和他的金表扔到了冰上。 Tom Orde-Lees is a

42、selfish and bad-tempered member of the crew and his attitude may upset other people.湯姆·奧德·利茲是船員中自私而又脾氣暴躁的人，他的態(tài)度會(huì)使別人不安。 He is a man of good manners. 他是很有禮貌的人。 真題： １．All the people _____ at the party were his supporters. (2002北京) A. present??? B. thankful??? C. interested???? D. important 解析：(be)

43、 present at是“出席”的意思。故選A。 ２．_______ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2020浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese??? B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong???? D. Young strong ten Chinese 解析：該題考察作定語(yǔ)的幾類(lèi)詞的“語(yǔ)序”。通常是：數(shù)詞／冠詞／或其他限定詞＋形容詞（兩個(gè)或更多的形容詞，其序是“從抽象到具體”）＋做定語(yǔ)的名詞＋被修飾名詞。故選A

44、。 ３．The _____ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. (2020江蘇) A. little white wooden?????? B. little wooden white C. white wooden little?????????? D. wooden white little 解析：道理與上一題相同。故選A。 ４．John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ______ car. (2020遼寧) A. large German white????

45、???????????? B. large white German C. white large German???????????????? D. German large white 解析：道理與第２題同。故選B。 ５．Our neighbor has ______ ours. (2020北京) A. as a big house as??????????????????????????? B. as big a house as C. the same big house as???????????????????? D. a house the same big as 解

46、析：在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè)as是副詞,第二個(gè)as是連詞，as big是形容詞短語(yǔ),修飾名詞短語(yǔ)a house。故選B。 ３、非限制性結(jié)構(gòu)做定語(yǔ)： …Shackleton explained his plan to save us…….，沙克爾頓就解釋他要救我們的計(jì)劃。 The money collected to help the Hope School hasn’t been sent out yet.（collected后置側(cè)重表示被動(dòng)）被募集起來(lái)幫助希望小學(xué)的款還沒(méi)有寄出呢。 The girl standing by the door is my niece.站在門(mén)旁的女孩是

47、我的侄女。 The sleeping child is very naughty.在睡覺(jué)的那個(gè)男孩很淘氣。 真題： 1. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job. (2000全國(guó)) A. expected??? B. to expect??? C. to be expecting??? D. expects 解析：不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾what，其他選項(xiàng)不能和what形成搭配。故選B。 2. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my neph

48、ew. (2000春招) A. having hung?? B. hanging?? C. hangs?? D. being hung 解析：現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于省略的定語(yǔ)從句。故選B。 3. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be low than store prices. (2002北京) A. are bought?? B. bought??? C. been bought?? D. buying 解析：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示“被動(dòng)”和“已發(fā)生”。故選B。 4.I’m going to the superm

49、arket this afternoon. Do you have anything _____ ? (2020上海) A. to be buying?? B. to buy?? C. for buying?? D. bought 解析：不定式作anything的定語(yǔ)，意思是：要買(mǎi)的東西。故選B。 5. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _____ as 3M.(04浙江) A. knowing??? B. known??? C. being known??? D. to be known

50、 解析：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，等于which is known as…非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?！」蔬xB。 6. The old man, _____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (2020江蘇) A. to work??? B. working??? C. to have worked?? D. having worked 解析：逗號(hào)之間的部分是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，等于who has worked abroad…　，故選D。 7. Reading is an experience quite dif

51、ferent from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes. (2020廣西) A. to form??? B. form??? C. forming??? D. having formed 解析：現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，等于that/which form in your mind。故選C。 8. The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature

52、. (2020上海) A. to smell??? B. smelling??? C. smelt??? D. to be smelt 解析：道理與７小題同。故選B。 9. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (2020上海) A. recorded???? B. recording???? C. to be recorded???? D. having recorded 解析：道理與第３、５小題同。故選A。 10. Sarah , hurry up.

53、 I’m afraid you won’t have time to _____ before the party. (2020全國(guó)) A. get changed??? B. get change??? C. get changing??? D. get to change 解析：該題考查get的搭配。get done是半／準(zhǔn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示狀態(tài)。故選A。 ４、從句做定語(yǔ)：（常用的引導(dǎo)詞：which, that, who, whom, whose, as, when, where, why等） I yell in a hoarse voice that I hardly recogni

54、ze as my own. 我用自己都辨認(rèn)不出來(lái)的沙啞聲音尖叫著。 The old man whose daughter is a nurse was a headmaster.女兒是護(hù)士的那位老人過(guò)去當(dāng)校長(zhǎng)。 The old man, whose daughter is a nurse, was a headmaster.那位老人，他的女兒是護(hù)士，過(guò)去當(dāng)校長(zhǎng)。 The building which was painted in red was built in the 1990s.那座粉刷成紅色的建筑是上世紀(jì)90年代建造的。 As everybody knows, Jones mar

55、ried Mark.眾所周知，瓊斯嫁給了麥克。 Jones married Mark, as/which everybody knows. 瓊斯嫁給了麥克，正如大家所知／這件事大家都知道。 注意：定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中也不能直接放在介詞后面；但是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是兩種或兩種以上不同類(lèi)的名詞或先行詞受到某些特殊詞（all\only\any\first\last\very\形容詞的最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞等）修飾，則要用that代替which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 真題： 1. Anyway, that evening, _____ I

56、’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachle’s place.(2020浙江) A. when?? B. where?? C. what?? D. which 解析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替that evening,在從句里做about的賓語(yǔ)。故選D。 2. _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.(2020江蘇) A. Which?? B. When?? C. What?? D. As 解析：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性

57、定語(yǔ)從句在位置上靈活，可以放在句首、句中、句末，在意思上含有“比較”義。故選D。 3. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without _____ we would have lost our way.(2020北京) A. it?? B. that?? C. this?? D. which 解析：在定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞that不能直接放在介詞后。故選D。 4. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.(2000春招) A. when?? B. that?

58、? C. which?? D. what 解析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替主句所講的事情；that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；what 不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故選C。 5. These houses are sold at such a low price ____ people expected.(2020上海) A. like?? B. as?? C. that?? D. which 解析：該題１）涉及such…as結(jié)構(gòu)；２）as引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句含“比較”意——正如人們所期盼的那樣。故選B。 6. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _____

59、leading actor is world-famous?(2001上海) A. its?? B. it’s?? C. whose?? D. which 解析：在定語(yǔ)從句本身做定語(yǔ)，只能用whose。故選C。 7. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____ , of course, made the others envy him.(2020天津) A. who?? B. that?? C. what?? D. which 解析：同第四小題。故選D。 8. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.(2001上海) A. where?? B. which?? C. while?? D. why 解析：該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是situation，where在從句本身做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故選A。