2020高三英語(yǔ)高考二輪復(fù)習(xí):專題四《動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞》
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1、【專題四】動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 【考點(diǎn)分析】 1.系動(dòng)詞的比較; 2.動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法和意義辨析(高考的重中之重)。 【知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】 說(shuō)明:本專題輔導(dǎo)不涉及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容(這部分請(qǐng)看后面的專題輔導(dǎo)五、六、七)。 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)中最靈活、最難掌握的詞之一,在歷年高考題中所占比例也最大,設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)測(cè)試考生在具體語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)意義的理解和運(yùn)用能力。主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇及完形填空中。要求考生構(gòu)建以下比較完整的知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 I.動(dòng)詞的分類 根據(jù)意義和句法作用,英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可分為四類: 1.行為動(dòng)詞(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
2、①及物動(dòng)詞:帶賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 ②不及物動(dòng)詞:不帶賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 注意:英語(yǔ)里及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞不是截然分開(kāi)的,有的動(dòng)詞既可以是及物動(dòng)詞也可以是不及物動(dòng)詞。 It is important for you to learn how to learn. 第一個(gè)learn是及物動(dòng)詞,后面有賓語(yǔ)how to learn;第二個(gè)learn是不及物動(dòng)詞。 不及物動(dòng)詞向及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化需要借助于介詞、副詞等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 He is working hard at English. ③狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞(相對(duì)靜止):contain, exist, own, prefer, belong ④動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞:延續(xù)性(wo
3、rk, stay);非延續(xù)性(marry, go, come) 2.系動(dòng)詞 ①表示人或事物的特征和狀態(tài):be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound ②表示狀態(tài)的變化:turn, go, become, get, fall, grow ③表示某種狀態(tài)的延續(xù)或持續(xù):remain, keep, stay 注意:絕大多數(shù)連系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,在解題時(shí)要正確區(qū)分,否則就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。 請(qǐng)看下列這道選擇題: good,the food has been sold out. A.Tasted B.Having been Tasted
4、 C.Tasting D.To taste 本題考生如果把taste當(dāng)成實(shí)義動(dòng)詞去理解的話,就會(huì)誤選A或B。其實(shí)taste在本句中是連系動(dòng) 詞,應(yīng)該選C才對(duì)=Because the food tastes good,… 3.助動(dòng)詞(與動(dòng)詞原形或分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)):be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall 4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)等等 II.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的構(gòu)成方式及其注意點(diǎn) 1.動(dòng)詞+副詞所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分及物的和不及物的兩類 Pleas
5、e turn every light in the house off. 請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。(及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚會(huì)后,人們都已離去,哈里出現(xiàn)了。(不及物) 注意:①如果賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng),就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開(kāi) She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。 ②如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞,只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。 She gave them away.她送掉了它們。 ③同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí),意
6、義上有很大的差異。 ring back回電話, ring off掛斷電話, ring up打電話 put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up掛起,舉起。 ④不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí),在意義上有很大的差異。 break out發(fā)生,爆炸 carry out進(jìn)行,開(kāi)展 go out熄滅 break down出毛病hand out分發(fā) let out放出 look out當(dāng)心 sell out賣完 set out出發(fā) take out取出
7、 work out算出 come down落下來(lái) get down下車 take down取下 write down寫下 2.動(dòng)詞+介詞(及物) I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼鏡。 注意:①當(dāng)它跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不能把介詞放在賓語(yǔ)后面。 ②同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí),意義上有很大的差異。 look after照料,look at看,look for尋找 3.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見(jiàn)到你。 注意:“動(dòng)詞+介詞”、“動(dòng)
8、詞+名詞+副詞”、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”,這三種搭配都是及物的,如變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不可漏掉介詞。 In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來(lái),糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。 III.動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析 動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是各類考試的重點(diǎn),高考試題中,單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空等題型中,動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨義的比重較大,并逐年增加。動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨義主要指: 1.形似動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的辨析; 2.意似動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的辨析; 3.動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞和短語(yǔ)之間的辨析
9、; 4.意義不同,但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析。 5.某些常用動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣用法的辨析。 動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析要靠考生的日積月累,考生才能在高考中應(yīng)付自如。 IV.動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)辨析方法 (一)從語(yǔ)法搭配、習(xí)慣用法上進(jìn)行辨析 1.賓語(yǔ)不同,意義也不同 go on doing(繼續(xù)干同一件事) go on to do(接著去干另一件事) regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相當(dāng)于be sorry to do) forget doing (忘記已做過(guò)的事)
10、 forget to do(忘記要去干的事) remember doing(記得已做過(guò)的事) remember to do(記住要去干的事) mean doing(意味著干) mean to do(想干…) try doing(嘗試做) try to do(設(shè)法做) consider doing(考慮去做) consider to be/have done(認(rèn)為是/認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了) 2.接賓語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)(主補(bǔ)),形式有不同 某些動(dòng)
11、詞如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞,但接賓補(bǔ)(主 補(bǔ))時(shí),賓補(bǔ)(主補(bǔ))要用不定式。 We forbid smoking here.(賓語(yǔ),用動(dòng)名詞) We forbid you to smoke here.(賓補(bǔ),用動(dòng)詞不定式) You are forbidden to smoke here.(主補(bǔ),用動(dòng)詞不定式) 3.賓語(yǔ)形式不同,意義相同 有些詞如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被動(dòng)形式),可接動(dòng)名詞(要用主動(dòng)形式表 被動(dòng)意義),兩種形式意義相同。 The
12、 room requires to be cleaned.=The room requires cleaning 4.主動(dòng)形式表示“被動(dòng)”意義的動(dòng)詞 有些動(dòng)詞sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook等,它們的主語(yǔ)是事物,且又是表示主語(yǔ)的固有特征和狀態(tài),與行為方式狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí),要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義: My pen writes smoothly.我的筆好寫。 Oil burns easily.油易燃燒。 5.意義上基本相同,但是在用法上﹑
13、習(xí)慣搭配上有不同之處的詞 buy/cost/pay/spend/take都可以指花錢買東西;spend/take都可指花時(shí)間;但是它們?cè)谟梅?、?xí)慣搭配上 有較大的區(qū)別。 The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs. He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/ (in) buying the watch. It took him thirty six thousand francs to buy the watch. He paid thirty-six thousand fran
14、cs for the watch. He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs. 以上句子所表達(dá)的意思基本相同:他花了36,000法郎買了這只手表。 (二)從組成形式和它們的恰切含義上辨析 詞匯間的微小差別對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)既是重點(diǎn)又是難點(diǎn)。要從詞義的內(nèi)涵和外延上進(jìn)行辨析。 1.以構(gòu)成形式為突破口進(jìn)行辨析 如有無(wú)介詞for,意義不同:answer(回答)/answer for(對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)、償還) 常見(jiàn)的還有: search(對(duì)人、物或場(chǎng)所搜查)/search for(搜尋人、物或場(chǎng)所) leave(離開(kāi)某地)/leave fo
15、r(去某地) reach(到達(dá);拿到)/reach for(伸手去拿) prepare(準(zhǔn)備)/prepare for(為…作準(zhǔn)備) enter(進(jìn)入)/enter for(報(bào)名參加) run(經(jīng)營(yíng);跑)/run for(競(jìng)選) stand(站;忍受)/stand for(代表) pay(付錢、債給某人)/pay for(付錢買某物) 2.以意義為突破口進(jìn)行辨析 ①意義內(nèi)涵不同型:幾個(gè)詞它們的內(nèi)在含義不盡相同。 defend, protect, guard 都與 “保護(hù)”有關(guān)。 defend 指采用辦法消除存在的危險(xiǎn)或擊退正在進(jìn)行的攻擊。
16、protect 指使用某種遮蓋或外力,外物防御可能的傷害或毀壞。 guard 指小心警惕,防止實(shí)際存在的或可能發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)。 They raised a large army to defend the country. 他們招募了一支龐大的軍隊(duì)來(lái)保衛(wèi)這個(gè)國(guó)家的安全。 The entrance to the palace were well guarded. 進(jìn)宮殿的入口處門衛(wèi)把守得很嚴(yán)。 Clothing is worn to protect us from cold. 穿衣服是為了御寒。 ②動(dòng)作結(jié)果不同型:動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞和結(jié)果動(dòng)詞: 英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞雖然意義相同,但用法不同,有的表示
17、某個(gè)動(dòng)作,而另一個(gè)則表示該動(dòng)作所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。 advise(勸說(shuō))/persuade(勸服) I advised him but I couldn’t persuade him. 我勸過(guò)他,但未能勸服他。 這類常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞還有: look for(尋找)/find(找到) look(看)/see(看見(jiàn)) listen(聽(tīng))/hear(聽(tīng)到) try(試 圖,不說(shuō)明是否成功)/manage(設(shè)法,側(cè)重做到) ③動(dòng)作狀態(tài)不同型:begin(開(kāi)映:動(dòng)作非延續(xù)性)/be on(開(kāi)映:狀態(tài)延續(xù)性) The film began at 5 o’clock and has been on f
18、or half an hour. 電影5點(diǎn)開(kāi)映,已開(kāi)映半小時(shí)了。 ④客觀主觀不同型:receive(客觀上:收到)/accept(主觀上:受到) I received her present but I didn’t accept it.我收到了她的禮物,但沒(méi)有接受。 ⑤直接間接不同型:hear(直接:聽(tīng))/hear of(間接:聽(tīng)說(shuō)) I heard him singing. 我聽(tīng)到她在唱歌。 I have heard of him.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他的有關(guān)情況。 V.重點(diǎn)所要背誦的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 根據(jù)筆者對(duì)2020四年全國(guó)及各省市高考單項(xiàng)選擇題中考查所涉及到的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的統(tǒng)計(jì)(見(jiàn)文后的附錄)
19、,我們建議考生2020復(fù)習(xí)迎接高考中重點(diǎn)所要背誦的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如下(僅供參考): 1.以a開(kāi)頭的動(dòng)詞為中心的詞組 accuse…of…(=charge… with)控告/指控某人犯有……罪 add to 增添 add up 加起來(lái) add up to 加起來(lái)達(dá)……,合計(jì)達(dá)…… adapt…to使……適應(yīng) adjust…to使……適應(yīng) agree with同意某人意見(jiàn)(接sb.或idea, view等);適應(yīng);與……一致 agree to (one’s plan/ proposal) 同意某人的計(jì)劃或提議 answer for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé) apply for申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求 appe
20、al for懇求,呼吁 attach…to…將……系在…..,使隸屬/附屬于……,將……縛在…… approve of贊成 apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉 be absorbed in埋頭于……,專心于…… be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)習(xí)慣于…… be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于……,迷戀…… be admitted to/into獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入……,被……錄取 be annoyed with sb. at/about sth 2.以break為中心的詞組 break away fro
21、m脫離,逃離,打破 break down vt.破壞,粉碎,瓦解;vi.出故障,拋錨;衰弱 break in闖進(jìn),打斷;使順?lè)? break into闖入;強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入;突然開(kāi)始 break out爆發(fā),發(fā)生;準(zhǔn)備使用;起錨 break off 打斷,斷絕,折斷,突然終止 break through 突破,克服,擠過(guò)去 break up vt.開(kāi)墾,破碎;解散,分解;vi.結(jié)束 3.以build為中心的詞組 build on / upon 建立在…上,依賴,指望 build up 增加,增進(jìn),建成,振興 4.以burst為中心的詞組 burst forth 爆發(fā),噴出,忽然出
22、現(xiàn) burst in 闖進(jìn),突然出現(xiàn) burst into闖進(jìn),突然……起來(lái),突然發(fā)出 burst into tears/laughter嚎啕大哭/放聲大笑 burst out 迸發(fā),爆發(fā),突然發(fā)出,大聲叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放聲大笑 5.以 bring為中心的詞組 bring about導(dǎo)致,引起,促使 bring back 帶回,使回憶,使恢復(fù) bring down 使下降,濃縮,收縮,擊落 bring forth開(kāi)(花),結(jié)(果),發(fā)表,提出 bring forward 提出 bring into action 使行
23、動(dòng)起來(lái),使生效 bring into effect/practice 完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),實(shí)施, bring out 拿出,公布,發(fā)表,出版,生產(chǎn) bring through 治愈,使度過(guò)困難/危險(xiǎn)時(shí)期 bring to mind 使想起,回憶起 bring up 撫養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育,培養(yǎng),使停止 6.以call為中心的詞組 call at 訪問(wèn)(某地),停泊在 call away 叫走,把(注意力)轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi) call for 需要,要求,接(某人), call in 召集,收集,請(qǐng)入,引入 call off 取消,下令停止 call on 拜訪(某人),號(hào)召 call out 大聲喊
24、,喚起 call up 打電話給…; 召集; 使想起 7.以carry為中心的詞組 carry about 隨身攜帶 carry away 沖走,帶走,沖昏某人頭腦 carry back 拿回,運(yùn)回,使想起 carry……into effect/practice 執(zhí)行,實(shí)行,實(shí)現(xiàn),完成 carry off 帶走,奪去……的生命,獲得(獎(jiǎng)品) carry on 堅(jiān)持,繼續(xù),進(jìn)行 carry out 貫徹,執(zhí)行,實(shí)施,完成 carry through 堅(jiān)持到底,貫徹,完成 8.以catch為中心的詞組 be caught doing被發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事 be caught in
25、the rain淋雨 catch /take fire 著火 be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞 catch one’sword聽(tīng)懂某人的話 catch sight of發(fā)現(xiàn),瞥見(jiàn) catch sb’s attention引起某人注意 catch the point of 抓住…的要點(diǎn) 9.以clear為中心的詞組 clear away 掃除,消除 clear off 清除,清理,(云霧)消散,(雨)停 clear out 清除,掃出 clear up(天)變晴;打掃,消除 10..以come為中心的詞組 come aboutvi.發(fā)生,改變
26、方向 come across偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn),想起;越過(guò);償付 come at達(dá)到,求得,得到;撲向,襲擊 come back回來(lái);恢復(fù),復(fù)原 come down倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come into being發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生,出現(xiàn),形成 come into power開(kāi)始執(zhí)政,當(dāng)權(quán),當(dāng)選 come into effect/ force開(kāi)始生效,開(kāi)始實(shí)行 come into existence形成,產(chǎn)生,開(kāi)始存在 come into fashion開(kāi)始流行 come into operation開(kāi)始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),實(shí)施,生效 come into use開(kāi)始使用,獲得應(yīng)用 come rou
27、nd/around 拜訪,繞道 come to蘇醒,復(fù)原,共計(jì),達(dá)到,歸結(jié)于,漸漸,說(shuō)到/提及到 come to an agreement 達(dá)成協(xié)議 come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 come to a decision 作出決定 come to an end終止,結(jié)束 come to a stop 結(jié)束,停止,停頓, come to an understanding 取得諒解 when it comes to…就…而論,談到 come to know/realize/understand開(kāi)始了解到/意識(shí)到/明白 come to life 蘇醒,栩栩如生
28、 come to light 明朗化,出現(xiàn),顯露出來(lái) come to oneself蘇醒 come true實(shí)現(xiàn),成為現(xiàn)實(shí);證實(shí) come up走近;上樓;流行起來(lái);發(fā)芽,上來(lái);(問(wèn)題)被提出;(風(fēng)浪)猛烈起來(lái) 11.以compare為中心的詞組 be compared to 被比作,與…相比 be compared with與…相比 beyond /without compare 無(wú)可比擬的,無(wú)法比較的 compare notes with和…交換意見(jiàn)/核對(duì)筆記 compare …to…把..比作,把…與…相比 compare …with…把…與…相比 12.以devo
29、te為中心的詞組 be devoted to 貢獻(xiàn)給,致力于 devote one’s attention to 專心于 devote oneself/one’s life to 獻(xiàn)身于,致力于 devote to獻(xiàn)身于,專心于 13.以divide為中心的詞組 be divided by…被…除 be divided on…對(duì)于…有分歧 divide sth. among / between…在…之間分配 divide A from B 把A同B分開(kāi) divide…into… 把…分成 divide up 分割,瓜分,劃分,分配 14.以die為中心的詞組 die
30、away漸熄(減弱,消失) 側(cè)重于減弱直至“消失”(尤其指聲音,光,風(fēng)) die down漸漸消失,平息(尤其指火勢(shì),大海,脾氣) die of 死于(疾病、饑餓、寒冷、情感等內(nèi)因) die from 死于(災(zāi)害、事故等外因) die off死去 die out 滅絕,消失,熄滅 15.以do為中心的詞組 do a good deed做一件好事 do the deed 付諸行動(dòng),生效 do away with去掉,廢除;弄死;浪費(fèi) do /cause damage to 損害 do good to (=do sb. good)有益于 do harm to (=do sb
31、. harm)有害于 do wrong to (=do sb. wrong)冤枉某人 do one’s best / utmost盡某人最大努力 do sb. a favor /do a favor for sb. 幫助某人 do up 捆,扎,系,扣,收拾,刷新 do with忍受,處理(對(duì)比:deal with) do without不需要…也行,不用 16.以 drive為中心的詞組 drive away vi.開(kāi)車走掉 vt.趕走,驅(qū)趕 drive off 驅(qū)散 drive out 逐出,乘車出去 drive through 乘車穿過(guò)(街道等) drive sb
32、.mad 使某人發(fā)瘋 17.以fall為中心的詞組 fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡著/沉默 fall back撤退,后退 fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面 fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失敗 fall in love with…愛(ài)上(某人) fall into a habit of 養(yǎng)成…習(xí)慣 fall off 掉下,衰退,減少 fall to pieces 破碎,崩潰,瓦解 fall into ruins 成為廢墟 18.以fix為中心的詞組 fix a date / time for…為……安排日期/時(shí)間 fi
33、x up 修理,安裝,安排,建造,提供 fix on / upon 確定,決定 fix one’s eyes on/upon 注視,凝視 fix one’s attention on/upon專心于,把注意力集中在 19.以get為中心的詞組 get about徘徊,走動(dòng),旅行;流傳 get accustomed to習(xí)慣于,對(duì)……習(xí)以為常 get across度過(guò),通過(guò),橫過(guò);說(shuō)服,使被理解 get ahead of勝過(guò),超過(guò) get along前進(jìn),進(jìn)步;同意;離去,相處 get along with與……相處 get around 走動(dòng),傳播,影響,說(shuō)服 get
34、away離開(kāi),逃脫,出發(fā),開(kāi)始度假 get back取回,回來(lái);報(bào)復(fù) get close to 接近,靠近 get down to認(rèn)真對(duì)待,靜下心來(lái) get/catch/seize/take hold of獲得,取得,抓住 get in touch with…與…取得聯(lián)系 get into/out of debt 欠債/不欠債 get off送走;脫下(衣服);下車;動(dòng)身 get over越過(guò);恢復(fù),痊愈;克服;完成 get rid of除去,去掉;免除,擺脫 get through撥通,到達(dá),完成,通過(guò);及格 get together 積聚,積累;商談,取得一致意見(jiàn)
35、20.以give為中心的詞組 give away贈(zèng)送;犧牲;泄露;頒發(fā) give back歸還,反射 give forth發(fā)出,放出;發(fā)表 give in屈服,讓步,投降 give off發(fā)出(煙,氣味) give out vt.分發(fā),公布,發(fā)出,使筋疲力盡 vi.用完 give rise to引起,導(dǎo)致;使~~發(fā)生 give up放棄;停止 give way to讓步,退卻;屈服于 given that…假定,給定,已知 21.以go為中心的詞組 go about走來(lái)走去,(謠言等)流傳 go across 度過(guò),越過(guò) go after 追逐,追求,跟隨 go
36、against 反對(duì),不利于 go ahead 前進(jìn),進(jìn)展,繼續(xù) go all about 鼓足干勁,全力以赴 go along with… 陪伴,和…一道走 go back to 追溯至 go bad 變壞,腐敗 go beyond 超過(guò),勝過(guò) go by 經(jīng)過(guò),過(guò)去 go down 下降,沉沒(méi),垮臺(tái),(風(fēng)等)平靜 go for 支持,贊成,適用于,去(取,拿) go in for 喜歡,參加,贊成,從事, 為…而努力 go into 進(jìn)入,參加,調(diào)查,從事,深入研究 go off 走開(kāi),爆炸 go on 繼續(xù),接下去 go on to do 接著做(另一件事)
37、 go on doing 繼續(xù)做(同一件事) go on with…繼續(xù)做,忍受 go out 出去,熄滅,離開(kāi),下臺(tái),退休 go over 溫習(xí),檢查,越過(guò) go through 審查,履行,通過(guò),經(jīng)歷,忍受 go up 上升,上漲,攀登 go without 無(wú)需,沒(méi)有…也行 go wrong 出故障,走錯(cuò)路 22.以hold為中心的詞組 hold back 隱瞞,阻止,克制,扣留 hold to / by 堅(jiān)持,固守 hold down 壓制,壓低,縮減 hold off 耽擱,不接近,離開(kāi) hold out 伸出,提出,支持,主張 hold up 舉起,豎起
38、,支持,使停滯 hold with 和…意見(jiàn)一致,贊成 23.以keep為中心的詞組 keep away (from) 不接近,避開(kāi),遠(yuǎn)離 keep back 阻止,扣留,隱瞞 keep company with…和…結(jié)交 keep …from…阻止 keep in mind 記住 keep in touch with…與…保持聯(lián)系/不斷接觸 keep off 不接近,遠(yuǎn)離 keep on doing 繼續(xù),不停地做 keep one’s balance 保持平衡 keep out 使…不入內(nèi) keep pace with…跟上,同…步調(diào)一致 keep up 繼續(xù),
39、堅(jiān)持,保持,維持 keep up with…趕上,跟上 ,與…并肩前進(jìn) keep watch 守望,值班,注意 24.以lay為中心的詞組 lay aside 把..放在一邊,拋棄,貯藏 lay down 放下,使躺下,放棄,犧牲 lay off (暫時(shí))解雇,放棄,停止 lay out 花費(fèi),投資,不置,打昏 25.以leave為中心的詞組 leave about亂放,亂丟 leave alone 聽(tīng)任,任其自然 leave…as it is.聽(tīng)其自然 leave behind 留下,忘記攜帶 leave for (離開(kāi)某地)去某地 leave out 省去,遺漏
40、,不把…計(jì)算在內(nèi) leave off 停止,脫去,戒除 leave office 離職,下臺(tái) leave over 留下,剩下,延期 leave room for 為…讓出地方 leave school 畢業(yè) leave sth, to / with sb把…交給/留給某人. leave sb, sth. 把…交給/留給某人 leave word / a message 留言,留信 26.以look為中心的詞組 look about四下環(huán)顧;查看 look after照顧,看管 look around東張西望 look back on / upon …回顧 look
41、 down on /upon俯視;輕視 look forward to盼望,期待 look into窺視;調(diào)查;瀏覽 look on /upon旁觀;面向 look on / upon …as…把…看作 look out向外看;注意;當(dāng)心,提防 look over從上面看過(guò)去;檢查,忽略 look through透過(guò)……看去;看穿;瀏覽,徹底調(diào)查 look to 面向,注意 look up 查閱,仰視,漲價(jià) look up to仰望,尊敬 27.以make為中心的詞組 be made from由……原料制成 be made (out) of由……材料制成 be ma
42、de up of由……組成 make an appointment with sb.與…約定 make a difference 有差別,有關(guān)系,很重要 make a fool of愚弄,欺騙 make a point 闡述觀點(diǎn) make a point of doing強(qiáng)調(diào);決心,堅(jiān)持 make a will 立下遺囑 make advantages/use of使用,利用 make believe假裝 make certain / sure確信,把……弄清楚 make contact with 接通,與……接觸,與……聯(lián)系 make for去向,向……前進(jìn);有利于
43、make oneself at home隨便,別拘束 make oneself understood 讓別人理解自己 make out填寫;開(kāi)支票;理解;辨認(rèn) make preparations for為…作準(zhǔn)備 make the best/ most of盡量利用;極為重視 make up彌補(bǔ),修理,賠償,起草,編造,化裝,配制,占…比例 make up to 接近,巴結(jié);向……求愛(ài) make way for 為……讓路,讓路于 make it 就這么定了,成功,達(dá)到某一特定目標(biāo), 趕到。 28.以meet為中心的詞組 meet the need/demand/requi
44、rement of滿足…需要 meet with 偶然碰見(jiàn),遭受, meet…by chance/accident偶然碰見(jiàn) make ends meet 使收支相抵 29.以owe為中心的詞組 owe … to…把…歸功于,把…歸因于, owe much to 多虧了,在很大程度上歸功于 owe it to…that…歸功于,幸虧 owe sb. sth. (=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人… 30.以pass為中心的詞組 pass away 去世,(時(shí)間)過(guò)去 pass by 經(jīng)過(guò),(時(shí)間)過(guò)去 pass on/upon 傳遞,通過(guò) pass out of
45、one’s mind 被人忘掉 pass over 忽視,置之不理 pass through 經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)過(guò),貫穿 31.以pick為中心的詞組 pick one’s words精選用詞 pick out 挑出,辨別出 pick up 接(某人),接收,獲得,搭載,收拾,恢復(fù),爬起,撿起,學(xué)會(huì),認(rèn)識(shí) pick up with…結(jié)識(shí),與…交朋友 32.以put為中心的詞組 put aside 把……放在一邊;擱置;排除 put away 把……放好,把……收拾;儲(chǔ)藏; put back 把……放回原處;撥回 put down 放下;鎮(zhèn)壓;記下;削減;降落 put an en
46、d to 結(jié)束,終止,廢除 put forward 提出;撥快;建議,推薦;提倡, put in 駛?cè)?,進(jìn)入 put…(down) in writing 把…寫下來(lái) put …… into把……放入;插入;翻譯成 put…into use應(yīng)用 put…into practice把…付諸于實(shí)踐 put…into action把…付諸于實(shí)踐,實(shí)施,使生效 put…into effect把..付諸于實(shí)踐,實(shí)施,使生效 put…into operation 將…投入生產(chǎn),實(shí)施,開(kāi)動(dòng) put…into production將…投產(chǎn),開(kāi)始生產(chǎn) put off 推遲,延期;消除;推脫,
47、脫下 put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,撥快(鐘表),推薦 put one’s heart into 全神貫注,專心致志 put out 熄滅,伸出,拿出,制造,刺殺 put through 完成,(電話用語(yǔ))撥通,使穿過(guò) put up 舉起,掛起;提名,推薦;陳列 put up with 忍受,容忍 33.以refer 為中心的詞組 refer to 指,提及,參考,查閱 be referred to 和…有關(guān),歸功于,被提交…處理 refer oneself to…依賴,求助于 refer to…as…把…稱做,認(rèn)為…是… 34.以see為中心的詞組 see a
48、fter 照料,照顧 see into 識(shí)透,調(diào)查 see out 送某人到門口/屋外, see off送行 see through 看透,識(shí)破,支持(某人)到底 see to 照顧,處理,注意 see to it that…照料,努力使,注意把 seeing that…因?yàn)?,鑒于,既然 35.以send為中心的詞組 send away 解雇,趕走,把…送往遠(yuǎn)處 send down 把…向下發(fā)送,開(kāi)除,降低(價(jià)格,溫度) send for 派人去叫/請(qǐng)/拿 send off 發(fā)出,寄出,解雇,送別 send out 發(fā)出,散發(fā),長(zhǎng)出(樹(shù)葉等) send up 發(fā)射,
49、使上升,向上傳遞 send word 通知,轉(zhuǎn)告,捎信 36以set為中心的詞組 be set in 以……為背景 set about(doing)著手,開(kāi)始 set an example to sb.給某人樹(shù)立個(gè)榜樣 set aside 取消,放在一邊,放棄,忽視,拒絕 set back 把(鐘表)往回?fù)? set down 放下,卸下,登記,記載 set fire to (= set…on fire) 放火燒毀 set free 釋放(某人) set off vi.出發(fā) vt.使爆炸,撥出(錢等) set out vi.出發(fā) vt.開(kāi)始,著手(to do),布置 s
50、et up 建立,設(shè)立,開(kāi)辦,引起(疾病等) 37.以take為中心的詞組 take a chance / an opportunity碰運(yùn)氣,抓機(jī)會(huì) take a seat就坐 take a shower淋浴,洗澡 take advantage of 利用,乘…之便 take after 仿效,與…相似,長(zhǎng)得像 take aim瞄準(zhǔn),設(shè)立目標(biāo) take away拿走,減去;奪去 take back收回,取消 take ……by surprise出奇制勝,突襲 take sb.by surprise 使驚訝 take care to do 務(wù)必做,留心做 take …
51、…for/as…把……當(dāng)作 take charge of負(fù)責(zé),主管 take down 取下,記下,占領(lǐng),拆毀,病倒 take effect 生效,起作用 take … for example 以…為例 take … for granted 認(rèn)為…理所當(dāng)然 take in 吸收,接納,欺騙,輕信,領(lǐng)會(huì) take…into account / consideration 考慮,重視 take it / things easy 別緊張,從容 take measures / steps 采取措施 take off vt.脫去,除去;vi.起飛,起程,成功,成名 take off
52、ice就職,上任 take on 呈現(xiàn),雇傭,承擔(dān),擔(dān)任 take one’s place就坐,入坐,代替 take one’s time(to do) 慢慢做 take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(專利權(quán)) take over 接管,接任,接收 take possession of 占有,擁有 take the place of代替 take the shape of 呈/取……的形狀 take the size of 量…的尺寸 take pride in以……為榮,對(duì)……驕傲 take…seriously/calmly嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真/冷靜從容地對(duì)待 take sb.
53、 by the arm拉某人的胳膊 take sb.in one’s arms 擁抱某人 take turns(to do) 輪流做 take up for 袒護(hù) take up with 致力于,忍受,對(duì)…發(fā)生興趣 38.以think為中心的詞組 think about 考慮 think aloud 自言自語(yǔ) think highly / well/much/a lot of對(duì)…評(píng)價(jià)很高 think little/ill/nothing of 輕視,看不起 think of 想,想著,想做 think of …as…把…看作 think out 仔細(xì)考慮,想通 th
54、ink over仔細(xì)考慮 think through想通 think to oneself 沉思,暗自想 think up 想出,想通,想起 39.以turn為中心的詞組 turn away把……打發(fā)走,解雇,轉(zhuǎn)臉不采,使轉(zhuǎn)變方向 take one’s turn to do輪到做 turn a blind eye to對(duì)……視而不見(jiàn) turn a deaf to對(duì)……充耳不聞 turn against背叛,采取敵對(duì)態(tài)度 turn back 折回,往回走 turn down 折疊,翻下,駁回,拒絕考慮 turn into 走進(jìn);變成,變?yōu)? turn to ……for h
55、elp 求助于 turn off 關(guān)上,解雇,避開(kāi)(問(wèn)題) turn on 打開(kāi);反對(duì);依靠,依賴,取決于 turn one’s attention to把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向 turn out 培養(yǎng);證明是;制成;實(shí)際情況是 turn out to be 原來(lái)是,證明是,結(jié)果是 turn over a new leaf翻開(kāi)新的一頁(yè), 改過(guò)自新 turn (a)round 旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái);改變意見(jiàn); turn to 變成;著手于 turn upside down 顛倒過(guò)來(lái),翻過(guò)來(lái) 40.以watch為中心的詞組 keep (a) watch 守望,值班,留心 watch one’
56、s time /opportunity 等待時(shí)機(jī) watch out (for)當(dāng)心,監(jiān)視,注意,提防 watch over 查看,監(jiān)視,看守 watch one’s weight 留心體重 watch one’s step 當(dāng)心,留心 【高考預(yù)測(cè)】 1.His joke went so far that it was more than his girl freind could_________. A.put forward B. keep up with C. put up with D.do away with 2.—How ab
57、out eight o’clock outside the cinema? http:/ —That______me fine. A.fits B.caters httcc C.concerns D.suits 3.Don’t make any noise or I will be ____ mad. A. turned B.driven C. set D. put 4.Shortly after the book Uncle Tom's Cabin________,
58、the Civil War of America________. A.came about; broke away http B.came out; broke out http:/ C.came on; broke up D.came up; broke down 5.—Oh, my God! So many students are coming out. How can you ____ your daughter? —That’s easy. My daughter is wearin
59、g a red skirt today. A. get out B. find out C. take out D. pick out 6.The factory had to a number of employees because of economic decline in the country. A.lay out B.lay off C.lay aside D.lay down 7.—What field will your son g
60、o into after graduation from Nanjing University? —I’m not quite certain, but he ____ a good teacher of English. A.promises B.becomes C.makes D.proves 8.I am trying to be the kind of boss that the workers will . A.live up to B.look up to C.watch out fo
61、r D.put up with 9.The old couple decided to ____ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own. A.adapt B.bring C.receive D.adopt 10.Before the war many people _________ possessions they could not take with them. A.threw away
62、 B.put away C.gave awayhtt://D.carried away 11.Jenny worked hard before the final examination, and it _______ .She got an A. A.showed off B.paid off C.put off D.took off 12.Uner good treatment, many patients are beginning to _______ and will soon recover. A.pick u
63、p B.pick out C.turn up D.show up 13.When the Greeks had _____ the Persians, a soldier ran from Marathon to Athens. A. won B. bitten C. beaten D. hit 14.When it comes to swimming,no one in our class can _______ me in this knowledge. A.
64、catch B. suit C. compare D. match 15.The mother opened the door quietly so as not to ______ the sleeping baby. A. upset B. interrupt C. disturb D. release 16.Jim was not _______ to the club, because at that time he was not a member of it
65、. A. allowed B. permitted C. admitted D. promoted 17. My new secretary was very quick; she ________ a lot of work in one morning. A. got over B. got across C. got round D. got through 18.—I know you’ve always been interested in seeing different
66、 places, and experiencing different cultures. —Yes, I always think that the experience I_________will help me find a good job when I come back. A.win B. succeed C. gain D. achieve 19.As he has ______ our patience, we’ll not wait for him any longer. A. consumed B. exhausted C. wasted D. torn 20. Hu Jintao on Tuesday________ resuming(繼續(xù))cross-strait talks on the basis of the "1992 Consensus" as early as possible, to resolve pr
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