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1、江蘇省南京市東山外國語學(xué)校高中英語選修七 Module7 All Units 全書自學(xué)材料 Welcome to the unit Useful words dust catcher 吸塵器 flatiron ['fl?t,ai?n] 熨斗 electric rice cooker 電鍋 electromagnetic oven 電磁爐 electronic calculator 計算器 electric fan 電風(fēng)扇 hair dryer 干發(fā)器 gramophone 留聲機(jī) radiation 輻射 antennae [?n'ten

2、?] 天線 Useful phrases be invented to meet people’s needs 為滿足民眾的需求而被發(fā)明 improve people’s lives to some degree 在一定程度上改善了人民的生活 Language Points 1. Technological developments in the last few decades have been breathtaking. breathtaking adj. very impressive, exciting, or surprising a breathtaking

3、car race 驚險的汽車比賽 the breathtaking natural beauty / scenery of the rainforests 熱帶雨林令人驚嘆的自然美景 2. Early TV was in black and white and had fuzzy pictures. fuzzy adj. unclear; covered with soft short hair/fur失真的; 模糊的 a few fuzzy memories of his grandparents 對祖父母的一些模糊的記憶 a fuzzy videotape of the b

4、ank robbery 一盤模糊的銀行劫案的錄像帶 3. With mobile phones, we can keep in touch with others wherever we are. however 作連詞，不管用什么方法 You can travel however you like. 作副詞，“無論如何”、“不管怎樣” You won't move that stone, however strong you are. 作副詞，“究竟怎么”（表示驚奇） However did you get here without a car? whenever 作連詞，“

5、任何時候” I'll discuss it with you whenever you like. 作副詞，“任何時間”“任何時候” He might turn up on Monday , or Friday, or whenever, and expect to be given a meal. wherever 作連詞，“在任何地方”、“到任何地方”、“在任何情況下” Sit wherever you like. whatever 作代詞, 無論, 不管 Keep calm, whatever happens 作代詞，任何, 每樣 We will be grateful fo

6、r whatever amount you can afford. or whatever:或其他類似的事物 Take any sport basketball, ice hockey, swimming or whatever. 作形容詞，“任何的”、“無論什么的”、“任何種類、程度等的” Take whatever measures you consider best. touch 取得/保持聯(lián)系 We're in close touch with our office in Spain. lose touch失去聯(lián)系 We lost touch over the years

7、 4. How have different electronic devices changed over time? electronic 電子的 electricity n. electric 用(帶)電的，產(chǎn)生電的 electrical 和電有關(guān)的，電的 +more general nouns electronic dictionaries/music/banking/mail an electric cable/blanket/fan/cooker electrical equipment/devices/appliances an electrical faul

8、t/engineer an electric(al) company/current/shock Reading Part A 1. When did regular public TV broadcasting begin around the world? It began on 11 May 1928 in New York and in London on 20 Agugust 1929. 2. What is WebTV? It is the TV set combined with the World Wide Web. 3. What was invent

9、ed in 1954? The cassette recorder. Part C1 T T F F F T T Part C2 Year Event 1877 First recording of a human voice was made 1925 First public showings of wireless TV transmissions were made in the USA. 1948 Cable TV began in the USA; 3 American scientists invented the transistor 1951 Colo

10、r broadcasts began in the USA. 1954 Invention of transistor led to the development of cassette recorders 1958 First LPs(long-play records) came onto the market 1962 Satellite began to be used to broadcast TV. 1982 First CDs produced by using digital technology were made available 1987 Developme

11、nt of MP3 technology started in Germany 1989 International standards for digital TV were established 1992 Development of MD palyer began. 1996 First Web TV set-top boxes came onto the market. Language Points 1. Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV.(page 2,line 19) consider

12、be of the opinion; regard sb/sth as sth 認(rèn)為; 視某人[某事物]為: We consider that you are not to blame. 我們認(rèn)為不該責(zé)怪你. * We consider this (to be) very important. 我們認(rèn)為這非常重要. * Do you consider it wise to interfere? 你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該干預(yù)嗎? * He will be considered a weak leader. 他會被認(rèn)為是個軟弱無能的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人. * a painting previously co

13、nsidered as worthless, but which now turns out to be very valuable 一幅先前認(rèn)為毫無價值的畫, 現(xiàn)在卻變成了珍品 * He's generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country. 現(xiàn)在公認(rèn)他是該國最佳的男高音歌手. * (formal) He's very well considered (if people have a high opinion of him) within the company. 他在公司中受到很高的評價. *

14、Consider yourself (if You are) under arrest. 你已被逮捕. superior n. 長者, 高手, 上級 be superior to “比 ……好,比…..強(qiáng)” In my opinion, trousers made by hand are superior to those made by machines. 在我看來, 手工制作的褲子要比機(jī)器加工的好. Of the two books, I think this one is superior to that. 就這兩本書而言, 我認(rèn)為這本比那本更好. We will

15、 need a letter of recommendation from one of your superiors. 我們需要一封你們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)寫的推薦信. immediate superiors 頂頭上司 superiority [sju:,pi?ri'?riti] n. 優(yōu)越, 高傲 [化] 優(yōu)越性 2. At that time, the record player had to be wound up by hand and only played a record for two minutes (page 3,line 31-32) wind to turn or twi

16、st The nurse wound a bandage around my finger so that bleeding could be stopped. The little boy wound his arms around his mother’s waist and prevented her leaving. Remember to wind the clock every night before you go to bed if you do not want it to stop. 3. This combines the TV set with the worl

17、d Wide Web.(page 2, line 25) combine…with… to join something together with A good way of teaching children is to combine teaching with pleasure. Theory should be combined with practice. In water, two atoms of hydrogen are combined with an atom of oxygen. 4. It all began in 1877 when Thomas Edi

18、son made the first recording of a human voice.(page 3, lines 29-30) recording l [C] sound or pictures that have been recorded on tape, video, etc: a cassette / tape / video recording ◆ a hit recording on cassette and CD ◆ a recording of English music for clarinet and orchestra l [U] the process o

19、f making a record, tape, film/movie, etc: during the recording of the show ◆ recording equipment / techniques ◆ a recording session / studio l [U] the process or act of writing down and storing information for official purposes: the recording of financial transactions make a recording of錄制 5. The

20、y bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio.(page 3, lines39-40) apply to bring or put into use or operation運用, 應(yīng)用某事物 to apply economic sanctions / political pressure ◆ The new technology was applied to farming. Scientific discoveries are often applied to indust

21、rial processes. 科學(xué)上的發(fā)明通常都應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程. make a formal request申請; 請求 You should apply immediately, in person or by letter. 你應(yīng)該立即申請, 親自去也好, 寫信也好. * apply to the publishers for permission to reprint an extract 向出版者請求準(zhǔn)予轉(zhuǎn)印節(jié)錄 * apply for a job, post, passport, visa 申請工作﹑職位﹑護(hù)照﹑簽證. make (a law, etc) operat

22、e or become effective使（法律等）實施或生效 apply a law/rule/precept 執(zhí)行法律[規(guī)則/規(guī)程] * apply economic sanctions 施行經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁. 6. In the following years, more CD recordings became available, and in 1988, for the first time ever, people were demanding more CDs than LPs.(page 3, lines 48-49) demand need, to need in o

23、rder to be successful 需求（某事物）; 需要 demand+n/prnoun/to infinitive/object clause This sort of work demands great patience. 這種工作需要極大耐性. * Does the letter demand an immediate answer? = Must it be answered at once? The work of a teacher demands great care and patience.教師的工作需要極大的細(xì)心和耐心. demand ask fo

24、r (sth) as if one is commanding, or as if one has a right to do so 要求, 請求（某事物） demand an apology (from sb) 要求（某人）道歉 * The workers are demanding better pay. 工人要求提高工資. She demanded to speak to the manager. 她要求跟經(jīng)理談話. He demands that he (should) be told/demands to be told everything.他要求將一切都告訴他. dem

25、and (for sb to do sth); ~ (for sth/that...) command, or sth which is given as if it was a command 要求; 請求 receive a tax demand 接到納稅通知 It is impossible to satisfy all your demands. 滿足你所有的要求是不可能的. There have been fresh demands for the Prime Minister to resign. 人們最近不斷要求首相辭職. * demands for reform/t

26、hat there should be reform 改革要求. supply and demand [經(jīng)] 供應(yīng)與需求 7. Development of MP3 technology started in 1987 in Germany and since the beginning of 1999, the popularity of MP3 has increased to such a degree that major corporations are taking over the portable music player market with MP3 player

27、s. (page 3, lines 53-56) degree [C, U] step or stage in a scale or series 程度; 等級 She shows a high degree of skill in her work. 她在工作中表現(xiàn)出高度的技巧. He was not in the slightest degree interested, ie was completely uninterested. 他絲毫不感興趣. * To what degree (= To what extent, How much) was he involved in t

28、he crimes? 他在多大程度上參與了這些犯罪活動? The children have different degrees of ability. 孩子的能力高低各不相同. To what degree can they be trusted. 對他們能信任到什么程度. To what degree is she interested in films? 她對電影的興趣都到了什么程度了? 8. Because of the popularity of MP3 players, music websites have sprung up all over the Interne

29、t offering MP3 music for people to purchase.(page 3, lines 57-58) spring up appear, develop, grow, etc quickly or suddenly 迅速地或突然地出現(xiàn)﹑發(fā)展﹑生長等 weeds springing up everywhere 很快長得到處都是的雜草 A breeze sprang up as we were returning. 我們回來時突然起了一陣輕風(fēng). New houses were springing up all over the town. 全鎮(zhèn)各處很快蓋起了新

30、房子. spring out of bed spring to one’s feet (=stand up suddenly) spring n. 春天；彈簧, 發(fā)條；泉 9. Germany was the birthplace of MP3, not Japan or the USA as I had assumed they would be.(page 5) assume I didn't see your car,so I assumed you'd gone out.我沒有看見你的汽車，所以以為你已經(jīng)出去了 Assuming that this pa

31、inting is really a Van Gogh, how much do you think it’s worth? Important Words delight verb [VN] to give sb a lot of pleasure and enjoyment: This news will delight his fans all over the world. Phrasal Verbs: delight in sth / doing sth [no passive] to enjoy doing sth very much, especially sth t

32、hat makes other people feel embarrassed, uncomfortable, etc. variety n [U] quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all times offer, show, lack variety 提供﹑顯示出﹑缺乏多樣化的事物 * a life full of change and variety 豐富多彩的生活 * We all need variety in our diet. 我們都需要飲食多樣化. [sing] ~ (of sth)

33、number or range of different things; assortment 若干不同的事物（的混合） He left for a variety of reasons. 他由於種種原因而離開了. * a large/wide variety of patterns to choose from 可供選擇的種類繁多的花樣. variety store (US) shop selling a wide range of small inexpensive items 雜貨鋪. Word Power Important Words function 1 wo

34、rk; operate 起作用; 運轉(zhuǎn): His brain seems to be functioning normally. 他的大腦看來功能正常. * This machine has stopped functioning= is out of order. 這機(jī)器壞了. We now have a functioning shower. 2 ~ as sth work as sth; operate or perform the function of the thing specified 起某物的作用; 具有某物的功能; 起到所述事物的作用 The sofa can als

35、o function as a bed. 這沙發(fā)也可以當(dāng)床. Some English adverbs function as adjectives. 英語中有些副詞可作形容詞用. Grammar and usage Important Words 1. direction (p8) n. [U] control or instruction: 命令 The project was under the direction of a well-known academic. [C] the position towards which someone or sth. moves

36、 or faces: 方向 Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another. 湯姆朝一個方向走, 哈里則朝另一個方向 * The aircraft was flying in a northerly direction. 飛機(jī)正在向北飛去. * The signpost points in a westerly direction. 路標(biāo)指向西. [C,pl.] information or instructions about what to do, where to go, how to do sth, etc 指南; 指示;說

37、明書; 用法說明; 操作說明: Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box. 盒上印有裝配模型的簡要說明. * I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house. 我向他作了詳細(xì)說明, 好讓他能找到那房子. [U] management; supervision; guidance 管理; 監(jiān)督; 指導(dǎo); 指點: He did the work under my direction. 他在我的指導(dǎo)下做這件事. * She was

38、entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托負(fù)責(zé)這項計劃. * He feels the need for firm direction = wants sb to guide and advise him. directions [pl] address on a letter, parcel, etc （信件﹑包裹等上的）姓名地址: The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect. 包裹因姓名地址有誤而退給了寄件人. 2.

39、 anyhow(p8) = ANYWAY, whatever the facts may be; in spite of this; at least 無論如何; 即使如此; 至少 It's too late now, anyhow. 無論如何現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)太遲了. * Anyhow, you can try. 至少你可以試試. in a careless way; not arranged in an order: She piled the papers in a heap on her desk, just anyhow. The books were lying on the sh

40、elves just/all anyhow. 書都亂放在書架上. * He made notes anyhow across the page. 他在那頁上胡亂作了些筆記. 3. up to(p9) (a) as a maximum number or amount 作為最大數(shù)量; 多達(dá): I can take up to four people in my car. 我的汽車最多能坐四個人. * count up to twenty slowly 慢慢數(shù)到二十. (b) (also up until sth) not further or later than sth; as

41、 far as sth 不多於; 不遲於; 直到: Read up to page 100. 讀到第100頁. * Up to now he's been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默. * Up until the war she had never lived alone. 她在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前從未獨自生活過. (c) comparable with sth 可與某事物相比: It's not up to his usual standard. 這次沒達(dá)到他平時的水平. (d) capable of sth 有某種能力的; 能勝任: He's not up to the par

42、t of Othello. 他演不了奧賽羅這個角色. * I don't feel up to going to work today. 我今天不舒服, 不能上班. (e) (infml 口) occupied or busy with sth 正在做著或忙於某事物: What's he up to? 他忙什麼呢? * He's up to no good, ie doing sth bad. 他現(xiàn)在沒干好事. * What tricks has she been up to (=playing)? 她搞什麼鬼呢? Task Language Points 1. Not e

43、verything that you hear will be equally important. (P10) 并非你聽到的每一件事情都同樣重要 此句為部分否定句,句意是.= Everything that you hear will not be equally important. 在英語中 all, both, every, everyone, everything 等與否定詞 not 連用時，表示的是部分否定，而非全部否定。例如： I don’t know all of them. 我并不全認(rèn)識他們。 I don’t like both of the books. 這兩本書

44、我并不都喜歡。 Not every student goes to the farm on Sundays. 并非每個學(xué)生星期天都去農(nóng)場。 Not everyone in our class likes football. 在我們班并非每個人都喜歡足球。 若要表示全部否定，則應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的表示全部否定的否定詞。如： all → none （一個人也沒有、沒有任何東西）， both → neither （兩個都不）， every → no， everyone → no one（nobody）， everything → nothing 等。上述四個例句要表示全部否定應(yīng)分別為： I know

45、none of them. 他們我都不認(rèn)識。 I like neither of the books.這兩本書我都不喜歡。 No student goes to the farm on Sundays.星期天沒有學(xué)生去農(nóng)場。 No one/ Nobody in our class likes football.我們班沒有人喜歡足球。 Important words 1. in other words (P12) used to introduce an explanation that is simpler than the one given earlier: 換句話說 H

46、e was economical with the truth - in other words, he was lying. in your own words 用自己的話說 in a word 簡言之 in one’s own word 用某人自己的語言 keep one’s word 遵守諾言 break one’s word 違背諾言 have a word with sb. 和某人說句話 have words with sb. 和某人吵架 eat one’s words 收回某人所說的話 leave word 留下口信 word come

47、s that 消息傳來說…… Useful phrases I would advise you to buy…. I would recommend the first one to you . I think you may/ could/ would buy….. It seems to me that…. In my opinion….. Project Reading Main point / Supporting details Using a mobile phone doubles the risk of developing bra

48、in cancer. The report is based on the findings of research that was carried out in Sweden, comparing 1,617 patients found to have brain tumors between 1997 and 2020 with the same number of healthy people. Digital mobile phones are an actual danger. The study, conducted with 200 mice, of which hal

49、f were exposed to radiation while the other half did not receive any radiation, shows that the first half were found to have more than twice the cancer rate of the second half after eighteen months. The reasons why there is no definite scientific evidence available now about the effects of mobile p

50、hones on people’s health. Enormous profit from the telecommunications industry prevents the bad results of findings from being revealed. Useful expressions It is said that…/ It is acknowledged that… Sb. believed/ thought that hold an opinion that additionally/ in addition on the other hand

51、 in the same way … Language Points 1. This study was conducted with 200 mice, half of which were exposed to radiation while the other half did not receive any radiation. (P14) 該研究的實驗對象是200只老鼠,其中半數(shù)暴露在輻射環(huán)境下, 而另一半未受到任何輻射. expose n. [C] account of the facts of a situation, esp when these are sh

52、ocking or have been kept deliberately secret 敘述, 報道（尤指令人震驚的或曾故意保密的） The newspaper published an expose of the film star's past life. 報紙發(fā)表了該影星的逸聞. * an expose of corruption within the government 揭露政府內(nèi)部腐敗情況的報道. v. [T] (a) uncover or make (sth) visible; display 顯露或露出（某事物）; 顯示: When he smiled he exp

53、osed a set of perfect white teeth. 他笑時露出了一口漂亮的白牙. (b) ~ sth/sb/oneself (to sth) uncover or leave sb/sth/oneself uncovered or unprotected 顯露或暴露某人[某事物/自己];處於無遮蔽或不受保護(hù)的狀態(tài): The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing bare rock.泥土被洪水沖走,露出光禿禿的巖石. * expose soldiers to unnecessary risks 使士兵冒不必要的危險 *

54、expose one's skin to the sun 使皮膚暴露於陽光下 * The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain. 嬰兒被離棄於風(fēng)雨之中. (a) make known (sth secret); reveal 揭露（秘密）; 揭穿; 揭發(fā); 揭破; 顯露: expose a plot, project, plan, etc 揭露陰謀﹑方案﹑計劃等 * That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject. 他說了那句不妥的話, 暴露了自己對此事的無知. (

55、b) make known (the guilt or wrongdoing) of ( a secretly guilty person) 揭露（某人）的（不為人知的罪惡或過錯）; 揭穿; 揭發(fā); 揭破: expose crime, scandal, injustice, fraud, etc 揭露罪行﹑丑聞﹑冤假錯案﹑騙局等 * expose a criminal, an impostor, a culprit, etc 揭露罪犯﹑冒名頂替者﹑犯錯誤的人等. 2. Thus, the findings have not been made public, and the indu

56、stry is saying that there is not enough evidence to do so. (P15) 因此,一些研究結(jié)果一直未與公開, 而電信公司卻說證據(jù)還不夠充分 thus adv. in this way: 就這樣 Bend from the waist, thus. The universities have expanded, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education. with this result: 因此 They planned to reduce staf

57、f and thus to cut costs. We do not own the building. Thus, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it. 3. Can we have faith in them and believe that they are being honest? have faith in 信任,相信 I still have faith in John despite his shortcomings.雖然約翰有缺點, 但我對他還是信任的. He stil

58、l has great talent, but he has lost faith in himself.他仍然很有天賦, 但是他已經(jīng)喪失了信心. Unit Revision Words List 1.device 2.consumer 3.signal 4.questionnaire 5.transistor 6.patent pact 8.corporation 9.launch 10.evolution 裝置；設(shè)備 消費者 信號；暗號 問卷；調(diào)查表 晶體管 專利 緊密地 公司 發(fā)射 演變；進(jìn)化 11.accompany 12.ample

59、 13.budget 14.elegantly 15.inbuilt 16.scan 17.clip 18.battery 19.guarantee 20.terminal 陪伴、陪同 充足的 預(yù)算 高雅地 內(nèi)置的 掃描；瀏覽 夾子 電池 保證 終端 21.tumour 22.caution 23.theory 24.parallel 25.acknowledge 26.valid 27.assume 28.fuzzy 29.clarity 30.definition 腫瘤 謹(jǐn)慎；小心 理論 平行線 承認(rèn)

60、；認(rèn)可 有根據(jù)的； 假設(shè)；設(shè)想 模糊不清的 清晰度 定義 31. conference 32. honest 33. profit 34.merely 35.birthplace 36.anyhow 37.model 38.hint 39.shape 40.measure 會議；研討會 誠實的；真誠的 利潤；利益 僅僅；只有 出生地；誕生地 無論如何 模型；型號 暗示 形狀；塑造 測量；度量 41.tiny 42.suitable 43.recorder 44.degree 45.personally 46.uncert

61、ain 47.cigarette 48.equal 小的；微小的 合適的；適當(dāng)?shù)? 錄音機(jī) 度；程度 從個人角度；親自 不確定的 香煙 相等的；平等的 Phrases 1. 數(shù)碼相機(jī) 2. 未必、不一定 3. 電流 4. 相信、信任、信仰 5. 光盤 6. 使某人高興得是 7. 各種 8. 與…有聯(lián)系（相關(guān)聯(lián)） 9. 代表、象征 10. 上市，面市 11. 給...上發(fā)條 12. 及時趕上 13. 向...前進(jìn) 14. 既然那樣，在此情況下 15. 目前，暫

62、時 16. 可以接受200個頻道 17. 把...連接到 18. 和 19. 占領(lǐng)市場 20. 對科學(xué)發(fā)展作貢獻(xiàn) 21. 給人民的生活帶來極大的方便 22. 各種不同的功能 23. 開展研究/調(diào)查 24. 可被放心使用 25. 對熟悉 26. 不樂意做… 27. 占領(lǐng)市場 28. 在隨后的幾年里 29. 家用電器 30. 電子產(chǎn)品 31. 條形碼 32. 在某種程度上 digital camera not necessarily electric current have faith in compact disc to one’s delight

63、 a variety of be associated with stand for come onto the market wind up in time for head for in that case for the time being have access to 200 channels combine...with along with take over the market contribute to the development of science bring great convenience to people’s lives a

64、ll sorts of different functions conduct a study/survey can be used without caution be familiar with be unwilling to do take over the market in the following years household appliance electronic goods bar codes to some extent Expressions 1. contribute to 對…捐助；投稿；有助于，導(dǎo)致 2. head for …

65、…朝……去 3. be responsible for sth.負(fù)責(zé)某事 take the responsibility for 負(fù)起...的責(zé)任 4. in time for 及時，正好 be in time to do sth.來得及做某事 5. be superior to 比…優(yōu)越；超過 be better than = be ahead of 6. by means of 用…方法 by this means通過這種方法 in this way/ manner with this method 7. come onto the market上市；面市 on s

66、ale在售中 for sale 待售 8. by accident偶然，碰巧 by chance 9. combine A with B將A與B聯(lián)合起來 10. up to date最新的，最近的 11. apply to sb. for sth.向某人申請某事 12. be capable of doing sth. 能夠做某事 be able to do sth. 13. take over接管，接受 14. previous to = before 在…以前 15. be based on 以…為基礎(chǔ)；基于…之上 16. spring up涌現(xiàn)，突然出現(xiàn)；迅猛發(fā)展 17. be associated with與…有聯(lián)系 be concerned with be connected with 18. in color彩色的 19. have faith in = have belief in相信，信任，信仰 20. wind up給…上發(fā)條 21. in terms of 在…方面；從…方面來說