非謂語動詞是語法填空的必考考點，每年高考至少有1道題。不僅如此，掌握非謂語動詞的基本用法，對增強書面表達的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明顯的作用。 首先，我們通過例句來回顧一下非謂語動詞的語法功能(在句中充當何種成分)：,考點解密,To obey law is everyones duty. Im preparing to take the examination . Her dream is to be a doctor. Ladies and gentlemen ,I have something important to tell you . Teacher ask him to clean the blackboard. He came here to attend an important meeting.,Playing football is my favorite sport. Mary is considering changing her job. Talking to him is talking to a wall. I have a friend living in London. I am sorry to have kept you waiting long. Nobody was interested in the story he told. We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.,被動、完成、感到.的,主動、進行、令人.的,done,doing,the boy standing there,The leaves fallen on the ground,the clothes to wash tomorrow,an exciting news an astonished look,作賓語 V + to do,hope, wish, expect, want, desire, long, attempt prepare, intend decide, determine promise, agree, plan, manage, seem, happen choose, pretend, refuse, fail, arrange, learn offer, afford, prefer, demand, ,作賓語 V + doing,appreciate,admit,avoid,consider, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish forgive, suggest imagine, mind, miss, mention keep, practise, prevent, resist, risk,adapt to：適應 / adjust to object to 反對 relate to：與有關(guān) contribute to get down to：開始做，著手 prefer to, stick to：堅持 / be/get used to devoteto pay attention to：draw (ones) attention to look forward to：期望 be addicted to沉溺于,to 為介詞,understand/stand/bear, put off, give up , feel like,be worth, set about, be busy,Sb. spend doing sth. difficulty trouble/ fun/ good time (in) doing Theres no point doing Its no good/use doing,remember forget regret,+,to do doing,既能跟 to do又能跟-ing作賓語,consider try mean stop go on cant help,+,to do doing,非謂語動詞解題技巧,1.謂語動詞：,概述：,2. 非謂語動詞：,在句子中擔任謂語的動詞,是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分,一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。,非謂語動詞使用條件,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,二. 找邏輯主語,三、分析語態(tài),四、分析時態(tài),一. 辨別“謂與非謂”,非謂語動詞解題步驟,方法總結(jié)： 謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時態(tài),（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂語與非謂語”,_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2 _many times , he still couldnt understand it .,A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D.Though he was told,C,_,A,注意連詞,3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.,4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.,is B. to be C. being D.It being E. It was F. been,C,E,注意標點符號,非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。,（二）找邏輯主語,1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her. 2.She is reading a book found on the way. 3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 4. Convinced of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it.,一般來說，作狀語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語； 作賓補的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是賓語； 作定語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是被修飾詞。,A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. taken,D,B,Everything,they,1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,（三）分析語態(tài),分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞 和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系。,“You cant catch me !” Jane shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C.to run D. ran 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,Jane,the two students,be dressed in be seated in be born in be located in be caught in be amazed at be faced with be aimed at be absorbed in be tired of be buried in,（四）分析時態(tài),1. The building _now will be a restaurant .,2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .,3. The building _last year is a restaurant.,having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built,_,C,_,B,_,D,原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 如：She got up very early to catch up the first bus. 2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making,to catch up the first bus.,3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved,原則二： 用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.,ing形式作伴隨狀語與 to do作目的狀語的區(qū)別： 作伴隨狀語的ing形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且 前面常常帶一逗號;而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要比 謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號。 用括號里的詞的適當形式填空 1. Write to the editor, _ that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ） 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest ) 3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare ) 4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep ),preparing,to rest,hoping,To keep,原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是， 一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。 不定式用作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。 5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. （2007天津卷） A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析 此處用-ing 表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個地方洪水泛濫。 6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. （2005山東卷） A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching,8. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. （2006陜西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told,7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. (2005廣東卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。,原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。 但是，如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動 式；如果所涉及的動作正在進行，則用-ing的被動式. 9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. （2007浙江卷） A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見”，故要用被 動式，因此 可排除 B 和 C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽見”為目的狀語，動作在 當時尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選 A。,11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed,10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close,【解析】of 后應接-ing，desks 與open and close 之間存在邏輯 上的被動關(guān)系，又因could be heard，所以選-ing的被動式表正在被進行的動作。,of,a stranger,his eyes,sitting,seat vt.,fix ones eyes upon,=I was seated.,I seated myself.,=I sat down,原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應與 主句主語保持一致. 12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. （2006陜西卷） A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 13. While watching television，_. （2005全國卷III） A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】因為 watching 的邏輯主語一定是人，排除選項 A 和 B ；又因在hear后作賓補的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以選項 D 中的 rings 是錯誤的。,watching,faced with,(be) faced with,原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式 （根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式） 14._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. （2005湖北卷） Being separated B. Having separated C.Having been separated D. to be separated,【解析】因為 Australia 與 separate 是被動關(guān)系，且 separate 發(fā)生在謂語動詞 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被動式作原因狀語。 15. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. （2005江西卷） A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making 【解析】因為 The manager 與 make 是主動關(guān)系，且 make 發(fā)生在謂語 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作狀語， having made . 相當于 who had made. 的意思。,left,has,16.Li Ming is said _ abroad. Do you know what country Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,he studied in ? he will study in? he studies in?,C,A,B,is,Sb is said to do 據(jù)說,原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是： 用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生; 用-ing，表示動作正在進行; 用過去分詞，表示動作被動、完成。 17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 18. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. （2006上海卷） A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait,the meeting,the day after tomorrow,visitors,19. “Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself. （2007湖南卷） A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 20. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed!（2007全國I） A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving,Things,The last one,lose vt. lose sb/sth,注：受 the first， the second . the last 修飾 的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語。,You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二個犯這錯誤的人。,