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1、Reading,Step Three分類訓(xùn)練，贏得高分,,,,第12講讀寫類作文,,,解題指導(dǎo) 1.審題，明確題目要求。 通過審題明確文章主題、寫作內(nèi)容、主要時(shí)態(tài)和主體人稱等問題。其中主體人稱，就是要確定以第幾人稱進(jìn)行寫作。 2.閱讀，抓住內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。 閱讀短文，找出文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。 (1)議論文：找出論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。其關(guān)鍵是找出主題句或結(jié)論句。若文中有一分為二的觀點(diǎn)，兩種觀點(diǎn)都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的觀點(diǎn)。 (2)記敘文：找出時(shí)間(when)，地點(diǎn)(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，結(jié)果怎么樣(how)等五要素。其中，最重要的要點(diǎn)是某人(who)做了何事(what)。

2、若是夾敘夾議類的文章，還要加上作者的看法、觀點(diǎn)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)或感悟。,(3)說(shuō)明文和新聞報(bào)道：通常會(huì)有中心句(多在首段)，寫作時(shí)要注意要找出中心句，抓住關(guān)鍵詞。對(duì)現(xiàn)象分析型說(shuō)明文，要找出“現(xiàn)象”“造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因”“解決這種現(xiàn)象或問題的措施或建議”。 (4)發(fā)言稿：通常會(huì)很明確地表明觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，寫概要時(shí)要從發(fā)言者的言語(yǔ)中明確作者的態(tài)度，把握作者的寫作目的。或先概括每段大意，進(jìn)而歸納全文主旨。 3.概括，轉(zhuǎn)述作者的觀點(diǎn)。 在找出文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)后，就要用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述原文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。要注意在用詞或句式上做到同義替換，避免抄襲之嫌。 4.過渡，引出自己的觀點(diǎn)。 寫了摘要后，用句過渡的話，再引出自己的觀點(diǎn)(贊成

3、或反對(duì))或引出類似的故事。,5.例證，論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。 議論文在提出自己的觀點(diǎn)后，就用具體的事例來(lái)論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。 記敘文編寫與閱讀文章主題相同但情節(jié)不同的故事(親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu))。 6.結(jié)論，注意前后呼應(yīng)。 7.潤(rùn)色，使其錦上添花。 一查人稱是否符合要求；二查語(yǔ)法方面的問題，包括用詞、時(shí)態(tài)等方面的錯(cuò)誤等，確?！罢Z(yǔ)言規(guī)范”；三查邏輯關(guān)系，看前后觀點(diǎn)是否一致；四查是否使用一些較為高級(jí)的句型，如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、定語(yǔ)從句、倒裝句型等。,實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 (一) (2018江蘇) 請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫一篇150詞左右的文章。,寫作內(nèi)容 1.用約30個(gè)詞概括上述利用排名(ratin

4、gs)進(jìn)行消費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象； 2.談?wù)勀闳绾慰创M(fèi)排名，然后用23個(gè)理由或論據(jù)支撐你的看法。 寫作要求 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫標(biāo)題。 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。,參考范文,參考范文1 As a major channel of consumption information，the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.Interestingly，the same rating may

5、have different influences on different consumers. I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.Firstly，the higher rating means the higher quality of the product，or better service.Based on the ratings，I bought my beloved backpack，saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods. Secondly

6、，ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping.For example，there are huge numbers of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.In that case，it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.,There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend pletely on the ra

7、tings in consumption.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related.It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.,參考范文2 Nowadays，most modities or services are rated through certain channels.These ratings，easy to access，are playing an increasingly important rol

8、e in customers purchase decision.However，results are sometimes unsatisfactory. There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers，but they are often misleading and unreliable.As we all know，most of the ratings are based on others judgment on the product or service concerned.E

9、very judgment es from a specific need or a unique psychological state.Apparently，blindly following others advice will affect our own judgment.,Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the oute of a careful manipulation of panies or sellers.It has bee a mon practice for some

10、to pay for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales. Therefore，we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.,(二) 請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并按要求用英語(yǔ)寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 A national vision report said around 500 million Chinesenearly half the population above five year

11、s oldsuffered visual impairment(損傷)，450 million were nearsighted，and rates were rising.Another survey showed that about 45 per cent of the students free time was occupied with homework and video games.Reading for long periods and staring at puter screens without rest are generally thought to harm th

12、e eyes.,“I began to wear glasses when I was 11 years old.I spend almost all my time taking lessons，doing homework and playing online games.And last Friday my parents went to visit my grandmother and didnt e back home that night，so I played games until dawn，” said Cheng Qi，a junior school student. As

13、 a response to rising levels of nearsightedness among children，the Chinese government recently has announced plans to control video gaming. Regulators are directed to limit the number of new online games，restrict playing time and develop an age-restriction system in the industry，according to a state

14、ment posted on the Ministry of Education website late on Thursday.,寫作內(nèi)容 1.用約30個(gè)單詞概括上述材料的主要內(nèi)容； 2.用約120個(gè)單詞談?wù)勀銓?duì)“青少年近視”的看法，內(nèi)容包括： (1)造成青少年近視的原因(至少兩條)； (2)簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明青少年應(yīng)該如何保護(hù)眼睛。 寫作要求 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫標(biāo)題。 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。,參考范文,參考范文 The increasingly serious problem that more an

15、d more teenagers are being nearsighted has aroused the authorities attention and made them adopt effective measures to protect them against being visually impaired. I think the reasons behind teenagers nearsightedness are various. Teenagers are under a heavy study load，which forces them to overuse t

16、heir eyes and have little time to take outdoor activities and exercise.Besides，the spread of mobile phones and other electronic devices plays an important role. Most teenagers spend too much time playing video games，and their staring at the screen for hours poses a great threat to their vision.,Ther

17、efore，its urgent for us teenagers to protect our eyes.First of all，we should keep our eyes relaxed during or after the study activities like finishing our homework or reading books for some time.Besides，we should insist on doing eye exercises every day.Furthermore，we should spend less and less time

18、on video games.Only by doing so can we have good vision.,(三) 請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 He Really Loved His Job Zhang Chao joined the PLA Navy in 2004 after graduating from a middle school in Yueyang，Hunan Province.He trained as a fighter jet pilot for five years and in 2009 he joined a naval avi

19、ation squadron(海軍航空兵)，because flying a J-15 above the carrier was Zhang Chaos biggest wish.In March last year，Zhang passed the strict selection procedures and became a pilot in the carrier-based(艦載的)aviation force.Unfortunately，however，when landing after a routine training on his J-15 on the afterno

20、on of April 27，he gave his life because of a sudden malfunction(故障) in the flight-control system.,As is known to all，it is full of risks to be a fighter jet pilot，especially to be a pilot in the carrier-based aviation force.But Zhang Chao was brave enough to face the challenge.He once said China mus

21、t develop an aircraft carrier force to safeguard the nation and our interests overseas，and that he longed to serve on a carrier，no matter how risky that would be.As his wife put it，he really loved his job.,寫作內(nèi)容 1.用約30個(gè)單詞寫出上文概要； 2.用約120個(gè)單詞闡述： (1)你對(duì)張超的英勇事跡的認(rèn)識(shí)； (2)張超的英勇事跡對(duì)你的影響。 寫作要求 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句；

22、2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫標(biāo)題。 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。,參考范文,參考范文 Zhang Chao，an excellent J-15 fighter pilot，died from a sudden malfunction when he was landing.His love of his work in spite of its risks will inspire us forever. Zhang Chao has set us a good example.The great danger and a lot of risks

23、of flying a jet did not prevent him from performing his duties.So，there is no reason for us not to work hard.“He really loved his job” demonstrates not only his devotion to his duties and his courage to overe all kinds of difficulties，but his loyalty to our country as well. Zhang Chaos heroic deeds

24、impress us deeply.As a student，we should do as he did.That is to say，we must dedicate ourselves to our studies，and do our best to acquire necessary knowledge and skills.Only by doing so，will we be able to serve our country well in the future.,(四) 請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 To win a national award

25、 for handwriting，especially in this digital age，is an achievement in itself.But what makes Anaya Ellick extra special is that the seven- year-old made the achievement despite having no hands.Even more amazing？The first-grader from Chesapeake，Virginia，does not use prosthetics(假肢). The young girl who

26、peted in the category for students with special needs had to beat 50 petitors to win the award.Contest director Kathleen Wright said the judges，many of whom are occupational doctors，were“just amazed” by the quality of Anayas printing.Wright says，“Her writing sample was parable to someone who had han

27、ds.”,Anayas proud parents，Bianca Middleton and Gary Ellick say the young girls determination and desire to be independent became obvious when she was just a baby.Unable to hold on to her pacifier(安撫奶嘴)with her hands，she figured out how to do it by cupping her arms.As a young child，she learned to eat

28、 with a fork and build with blocks.At 5，she managed to hold a crayon or marker between her hands and draw.Though Anaya was fitted with prosthetic arms for a short time，the young girl decided she was better off with her natural ones and threw them away.,寫作內(nèi)容 1.用約30個(gè)單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2.用約120個(gè)單詞發(fā)表你的觀點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容包

29、括： (1)上述信息對(duì)你的啟示(至少兩點(diǎn))； (2)根據(jù)這些啟示你會(huì)如何對(duì)待人生中的挫折(至少兩點(diǎn))。 寫作要求 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫標(biāo)題。 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。,參考范文,參考范文 A seven-year-old girl named Anaya Ellick，who was born without hands，beat fifty petitors to win a national award for handwriting，which makes her parents proud a

30、nd inspires many people. This story sets me thinking profoundly.Life can place a stumbling block in our way and definitely，it is always easier to give up than to hold on.However，like Anaya，constant effort yields sure success.If you pursue your goals with the courage of never giving up，you will succe

31、ed in whatever endeavor you take on. As high school students，we are bound to encounter the twists and turns of life.But when we think of those people who suffer more than us，we should be more optimistic and draw lessons from the bumps and turns along the way.Bear it in mind that we should keep going forward，even in the toughest time.,