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1、高二英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀技巧 一 猜測(cè)詞義 二 抓住主題思想 三 進(jìn)行推理和判斷 四 確定作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,,生詞,1.生詞 2.熟詞生用 3.一詞多義,,語(yǔ)境線索,context clues,閱讀中的生詞問(wèn)題,,2.同義詞線索,3.反義詞線索,4.例證性線索,5.修飾語(yǔ)線索,,1.解釋性線索,語(yǔ)境線索,6.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)線索,,善用語(yǔ)境線索，猜測(cè)生詞意思,Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.,,1.解釋性線索 （to be defined as ,to be called, that is to be, to r

2、efer to , in another word, in other words ,that is , that is to say）,啞劇,1).Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 2).The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid; that is , it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. 3).Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is n

3、ot enough rain and vegetation to support human life.,,,,人類(lèi)學(xué),感覺(jué)不到的,沙漠,善用語(yǔ)境線索，猜測(cè)生詞意思,2.同義詞線索 (or ,like, similarly，also ) Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.,,,有害的,Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious,,,多話的,1.Like her

4、 younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends. 2.At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. 3.In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate,

5、 or water, their fields.,,,,,社交的,資金,灌溉,善用語(yǔ)境線索，猜測(cè)生詞意思,Some people like to walk quickly home, but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way,,3.反義詞線索(yet, but ,unlike, however, while ,notbut, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, rather than),,漫步,1.Unlike the United States, w

6、here many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous. 2.Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.,,,,,同類(lèi)的,靜止不變的,Mr.Wang is a gentleman who is always punctual for all his classes, but he arrived over 10 minutes late yest

7、erday morning .,（punctual 與 over 10 minutes late 形成鮮明的對(duì)比?！笆貢r(shí)的”）,,善用語(yǔ)境線索，猜測(cè)生詞意思,Many United Nations employees are polyglots; Mr Simoson, for example ,speaks five languages fluently.,,4.例證性線索 (for example, for instance, such as, like etc.) Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headl

8、ights, and good brakes.,,,,通曉多種語(yǔ)言的人,設(shè)備,1).He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks. 2). He takes a special interest in botany which concerns the study of plants.,胡須,植物學(xué),善用語(yǔ)境線索，猜測(cè)生詞意思,He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,

9、swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 5.修飾性線索(詞，短語(yǔ)，從句）,,變戲法的人,善用語(yǔ)境線索，猜測(cè)生詞意思,6,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)線索:括號(hào)、破折號(hào)在句中常引出注釋性詞語(yǔ)，通過(guò)這些解釋和注釋，我們可以推斷出詞的含義。 1).One of the major features of English vocabulary is polysemymany meanings. 2).The major fault in your composition is redundancy, using more words than necessary to exp

10、ress your idea.,一詞多義的,不簡(jiǎn)練的,,（一）利用比喻關(guān)系,The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.,（二）利用因果關(guān)系,All his attempts to unlock the door was futile; because she was using the wrong key.,(buoyant 為adj. 把熱氣球升在空中比作玫瑰花瓣在水中“漂浮的”）,(分號(hào)前為“果”，后為“因”。因?yàn)橛缅e(cuò)了鑰匙，所以“開(kāi)門(mén)”的一切嘗試都失敗了?！盁o(wú)效的，徒勞的

11、”）,,（三）利用生活常識(shí),In old days, when girls from rich families were married, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.,( 根據(jù)常識(shí)，在舊社會(huì)，有錢(qián)人家的姑娘出嫁當(dāng)然要帶很多“嫁妝”）,-To select the definition of italicized word or phrase,Dont listen to his nonsense. A. foolish talk; meaningless w

12、ords B.beautiful words C. clever talk; meaningful words 2. He misunderstood me. A.understood wrongly B.understood rightly C. understand truly,3. He lived a hard life in pre-liberation days. A. before liberation B.after liberation C. sinc

13、e liberation 4. The first thing Jim did when he got off the train was to look for a porter. A.one who sells tickets B. taxi C. one who carries luggage(行李）,Exercise 1--To tick off the correct choice from A,B,and C. 1. Charles asked the bank for a small

14、 loan so that he could repair his house. A.sum of money B.load C. tool 2. One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. A.very tall B.very poor C.very rich,3. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water. A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry 4. Ju

15、st for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A.direct B.indirect C.straight 5. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. A.small B.large C.dull,,閱讀技能,如何提高閱讀能力,第二專題 抓住主題思想,主題思想是作者在文章中要表

16、達(dá)的核心內(nèi)容，也是作者始終要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題。 段落的中心思想常由主題句來(lái)表達(dá)。,TIPS,As a rule, reading work should begin with a general or global understanding of the text, and then move to smaller units such as paragraphs, sentences and words.,英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種： （Derivation） 派生 （Conversion） 轉(zhuǎn)化 （Compounding） 合成,（四）利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí),How to find the mai

17、n idea of a passage,Sometimes the first sentence of a passage is the topic(key) sentence Sometimes the last sentence is the topic (key) sentence Sometimes the topic(key) sentence is in the middle of a passage Sometimes you have to put several key sentences together to get the main idea Sometimes you

18、 cant find the topic(key) sentence in the passage. You have to sum it up yourself.,1Main Idea類(lèi)型：選項(xiàng)形式為陳述句。,典型問(wèn)題形式： What is the main ideapoint of this passage？ The main idea of this article is ______. This passage is mainly about ______.,2Main Topic類(lèi)型： 選項(xiàng)形式為名詞或名詞詞組。要求考生指出文章的Topic（論題）或 Subject（主題），或 Ti

19、tle（標(biāo)題）等。,What is the main topic of this passage？ The passage is chiefly concerned with _______. What is the main subject of the passage? The best title for this passage might be _____.,要正確理解一篇文章，關(guān)鍵是要抓住文章的主題思想。閱讀中如何才能抓住文章的主旨大意呢？通常有兩種方法：,1. 找出主題句。一般來(lái)講，文章或段落的主題句在文章或段落的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾。 2. 找出主題詞。如果文章或段落中找不到主題句，考生

20、就要找出主題詞或關(guān)鍵詞，然后根據(jù)對(duì)文章的理解自己歸納概括出文章的中心思想。,（一）、找主題句,People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy

21、 a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,（1）主題句在段首。 一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開(kāi)頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說(shuō)文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。,Since plants give off this valuable gas, they are doing other living things a gre

22、at service, because, since all living things have to breathe, there could easily be a short-age of oxygen in the atmosphere. Green plants, in this way; help to maintain the balance of gases in the atmosphere.,（2）主題句在段尾。 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，當(dāng)一種觀點(diǎn)不易向人解釋清楚，或不易被人接受時(shí)，主題句便會(huì)到段落的末尾才出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)作者想要說(shuō)服讀者聽(tīng)信其言時(shí)，一般采用此格式組織句子。,Just as I

23、 settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses. to let me eat a snack in

24、peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.,（3）主題句在段中。 有時(shí)段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開(kāi)對(duì)有關(guān)問(wèn)題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會(huì)在段落中間出現(xiàn)，但不是就在正中間。,（二）找主題詞,有時(shí)段落中沒(méi)有明顯的主題句。作者用一種間接的方式表達(dá)了段落的中心思想。這時(shí)我們不能輕而易舉地判斷出主旨或主題

25、這樣，主題句是含蓄的，它隱含在短文或段落之中，需要考生從段落中尋找主題詞或詞組。然后用這些主題詞或詞組概括和歸納出段落的中心思想。,Some people like to go to beach or a lake for recreation. They enjoy the swimming or boating that is available there. Other people, especially in the hot summer, prefer clean air and cool mountain breezes. Some people like excitement

26、and entertainment. They got to shows and nightclubs. Still other people find that staying home with the family and enjoying the togetherness of spending time with loved ones is the most happy experience of all.,People enjoy different kinds of recreation.,主旨大意題的干擾項(xiàng)(錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng))有3種：,1. 概括范圍太窄，只表達(dá)局部信息或某一細(xì)節(jié)，不能

27、概括整篇文章的主旨大意。 2. 概括范圍太寬，所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容。 3. 無(wú)關(guān)信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到語(yǔ)言依據(jù)的信息。,When the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level. In low visibility situations, however, the eye and other orientation senses, such as our sense of balance, are not only useless, th

28、ey may be totally misleading. The only safe way to fly an airplane in low visibility conditions is to use instruments, which indicate the attitude of the airplane.,A. In bad weather, the senses can be misleading B. Flying an airplane can be very difficult C. When visibility is low the only safe way

29、to fly an airplane is by using flight instruments. D. When the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level.,四項(xiàng)選擇中A項(xiàng)和d項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太具體，不能概括段落的主旨思想。b項(xiàng)內(nèi)容又太籠統(tǒng)，超出了作者的原意。只有C項(xiàng)才準(zhǔn)確地概括出段落的主旨思想。,閱讀技能,如何提高閱讀能力,進(jìn)行推理判斷,考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力。 此類(lèi)題目文章中沒(méi)有明確的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理和判

30、斷。其主要提問(wèn)方式是： 題干表現(xiàn)形式： It can be inferred from the text that From the text we know that The story implies that The paragraph following the passage will most probably be It may be concluded from the passage that What would be happy if ?,1.解推斷題應(yīng)注意：,(1)不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)； (2)推理的根據(jù)來(lái)自于上下文。,1) 題型分類(lèi),a) 細(xì)節(jié)推斷

31、題 要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系， 推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)， 如時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)， 人物關(guān)系， 人物身份， 事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息， 或者借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷推理。 b) 因果推斷題 要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因。 考生要準(zhǔn)確掌握文章的內(nèi)涵， 理解文章的真正含義。,,c) 人物性格、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)判斷題 高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些是考察考生對(duì)作者的主導(dǎo)思想， 被描寫(xiě)人物語(yǔ)氣， 言談話語(yǔ)中流漏的情緒， 性格傾向和作者或文中人物， 態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解題。 做著一類(lèi)題注意： i. 由表及里的準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思， 切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。 ii. 特別注意那些描寫(xiě)環(huán)境氣氛的語(yǔ)言，

32、 以及表達(dá)感情， 態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。 要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭， 尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。 iii. 能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)， 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。,d) 預(yù)測(cè)想象推理題 有些內(nèi)容文章中沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明， 要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇， 對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)推理。 做這類(lèi)題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路（如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可能按因果關(guān)系， 對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)敘述）， 從而作出比較科學(xué)的合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)。,干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：,（1） 以假亂真， 編造信息； 不是在文章事實(shí)或上下文邏輯基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理而得的觀點(diǎn)。 （2） 混淆本末， 主次不分； 雖然以文章提

33、供的事實(shí)或內(nèi)在輪機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行推理， 但推理過(guò)頭， 概括過(guò)度。 （3） 直接間接不分， 把文章中明確表達(dá)的內(nèi)容當(dāng)成推理出來(lái)的 （4） 因果顛倒；原文的原因變成了選項(xiàng)中的結(jié)果， 或反之。,Example 1,One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for? the shop assistant was v

34、ery surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”,Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house， it was ______.,A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C.

35、 tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects,Example 2,Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems.

36、 They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buse

37、s or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”,Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude towards Mr Neff?,A. He finds Mr Neff hard to understandB. He thinks Mr Neff wonderful C. He feels pity for Mr Ne

38、ffD. He does not like Mr Neff,解析：本文中使用never，還寫(xiě)到Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes.故暗示他對(duì)Mr Neff的討厭之情。答案為D。,確定作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,TIPS,Put yourself in the writers shoes !,考查理解作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度的測(cè)試題 This article is particularly written for ___. When the writer says he really m

39、eans ___. The authors attitude to is that ___. What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage? What is the tone of the writer / passage ? The writers purpose in writing this story is ___.,確定作者的意圖一旦你理解了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，你會(huì)更清楚的理解作者的意圖。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)受到作者意圖的影響。作者的意圖可能是告知或者勸說(shuō)，他會(huì)根據(jù)他的意圖來(lái)為文章選擇一種結(jié)構(gòu)或風(fēng)格。作者

40、也可能在一篇文章中體現(xiàn)兩種意圖告知和勸說(shuō)，在這種情況下最好確定那種意圖是作者的主要意圖。評(píng)價(jià)作者的態(tài)度作者在文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度并不一定是中立的或者客觀的，尤其是在他們?cè)噲D說(shuō)服讀者同意他們的意見(jiàn)時(shí)。理解作者的態(tài)度和文章的主旨或者提供的信息之間的關(guān)系就顯得尤為重要。這是因?yàn)?，作者的態(tài)度會(huì)影響文章中信息的表達(dá)方式。你應(yīng)該著眼于確定作者態(tài)度的方法，以及評(píng)價(jià)作者態(tài)度是保持中立還是帶有偏見(jiàn)。,neutral 中立的 positive肯定的，積極的 optimistic negative否定的，消極的 pessimistic objective客觀的 subjective主觀的 critical批評(píng)的 p

41、raiseful 贊揚(yáng)的 favorable贊成的 ironic 諷刺的 doubtful 懷疑的 sympathetic 同情的 pitiful,如何領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，通讀全文，掌握主題思想和主要事實(shí)，這樣我們能判斷出作者的觀點(diǎn)。作者在陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，有時(shí)直截了當(dāng)，但更多的時(shí)候作者借用別人的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)表明自己的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度。有時(shí)作者先介紹某一觀點(diǎn)，但通過(guò)“yet”，“however”，“but”等轉(zhuǎn)折詞來(lái)提出與前面相反的觀點(diǎn)，表明自己的態(tài)度。因此，我們?cè)诖_定作者觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，必須將上下文聯(lián)系起來(lái)分析，記住文章中有時(shí)作者所陳述的內(nèi)容并非代表作者的觀點(diǎn)。,Prof. Bakers

42、publish has stated that this new book will soon take the place of all the old standard works in this field: in view, however, of both the style and content of Prof. Bakers book, I find this claim most difficult to accept. What is the writers attitude towards Prof. Bakers book? A. Positive B. P

43、raiseful C. Negative D. Ironic,,When I first opened the package containing a copy of Prof. Bakers latest book and read its title. I must admit I felt a sudden sinking of the heart, yet once I had gathered courage to begin my reading. I found the work so far beyond my wildest hopes that I missed the

44、 supper rather than put the book down unfinished. What is the writers attitude towards Prof. Bakers book? A. Doubtful B. Praiseful C. Negative D. ironic,,辨別文章的筆調(diào)，推斷作者的態(tài)度。有效閱讀要求我們能夠運(yùn)用多種技巧，包括識(shí)別文章的筆調(diào)。筆調(diào)在文章中能提示作者的感情、態(tài)度和立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)?！皌he tone of voice”這一概念我們都非常熟悉。要表示對(duì)一件事情的憤怒、厭倦、高興等不同情感，我們?cè)谡f(shuō)話時(shí)只要改變一下語(yǔ)調(diào)就可以。例

45、如：I am really glad you called right now, even though I was in the shower.在閱讀中，我們只能通過(guò)辨別文章的筆調(diào)，來(lái)了解作者的感情和態(tài)度。作者在表露自己感情和態(tài)度時(shí)，注意選詞造句，注意表達(dá)思想的不同方法，從字面直接陳述中，流露出他的感情和態(tài)度。,辨認(rèn)語(yǔ)氣及含義。領(lǐng)會(huì)語(yǔ)氣，識(shí)別反語(yǔ)，辨認(rèn)諷刺是閱讀能力上水平的體現(xiàn)。它們?cè)陂喿x中體現(xiàn)了作者對(duì)主題、人物甚至是作者本人的態(tài)度，從作者所寫(xiě)的文字中我們?？梢酝茢喑鲭[含的，甚至與字面意義完全相反的意思來(lái)。 例如：當(dāng)你的朋友與你約會(huì)再次遲到時(shí)，你對(duì)他說(shuō)：“Well, Im glad your

46、e on times as usual. 你真的高興嗎？你不是委婉地批評(píng)他老是遲到嗎？,,“slim”，“delicate”，“skinny”及“emaciated”這幾個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞，如果無(wú)法區(qū)分這些詞的細(xì)微含義，那么，這些單詞的詞義僅僅是“thin”，而不再有其他的意思。閱讀理解強(qiáng)的讀者，能根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇提供的線索把這些詞義理解到位，真正理解作者的思想意圖?！皊lim ”意思是“瘦”(thin) 的意思，屬于褒義詞，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“苗條”?！癲elicate”用在“a small delicate person”這樣的短語(yǔ)中有“嬌嫩小巧”之意，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“嬌弱”“嬌柔”的意思?！皊kinny”指“非

47、常瘦”(very thin)，有貶義之意，指瘦的難看或皮包骨頭的人。“emaciated”意為由于疾病、饑餓而“消瘦”“衰弱”，屬于病態(tài)的“瘦弱”。,作者態(tài)度題的解題技巧 *不要把自己的態(tài)度揉入其中，也要區(qū)分開(kāi)作者的態(tài)度和作者引用的別人的態(tài)度 *當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒(méi)有明確提出時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用詞語(yǔ)的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度 *作者觀點(diǎn)一般與文章主旨相關(guān)聯(lián),作者態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)，還是猶豫不決，對(duì)記敘或描寫(xiě)的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中。如： Why isnt your new

48、spaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行賄)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all this bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 解析：作者一是向讀者說(shuō)明這份報(bào)紙上只登載壞新聞，如兇殺、行賄受賄和死亡等；二是在字里行間流露出自己的抱怨情緒（對(duì)壞新聞厭惡透了），故

49、應(yīng)選A。,With a touch of a button, television brings the world into the home of modern man. Through the miracle of television, man can be informed about events in far-off countries. He can be entertained by humorous comedies, or he can be moved by stirring dramas. Television broadens the mind and enrich

50、es the lives of people everywhere. The write thinks that television is _________. A. a great invention B. a bad thing C. a great surprise D. of no use,,If I had to select a word that best describes the majority of American parents, that word would be GUILTY-RIDDEN(內(nèi)疚的).How sad it is to see

51、parents become the willing victims(受害者) of the “give me game”, only to discover that no matter what they do, it isnt enough. In the end, they are blamed when their spoiled children get into trouble. With this in mind, I shall first answer the question: “ What do parents owe their children?” and I sh

52、all start with what they dont owe them. The authors attitude towards the parents is______ angry B. pitiful C. disappointedD. satisfied,,The question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer should be t

53、reated with courtesy(禮貌) and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rush hour like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should

54、be shown to the old, the sick and the disabled. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there calmly reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first served”, while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child stands? Yet this is all too often seen

55、.,What is the writers opinion concerning courteous manners towards women? A. Now that women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated differently from men.B. It is generally considered out of date for young men to give up their seats to young women.C. “Lady First” should be strict

56、ly practiced.D. Special consideration ought to be shown to them.,,The Misunderstanding about Reading Comprehension,誤區(qū)1.以為讀得越慢，對(duì)文章的信息了解越多，理解程度也越高。,心理學(xué)與心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)表明：閱讀速度與理解率幾乎沒(méi)有關(guān)系。即使有，正好相反：速度越快，理解率越高。,閱讀速度快，有助于把握文章的主旨大意。,措施：,1.經(jīng)常進(jìn)行限時(shí)閱讀。不僅注意準(zhǔn)確率，更要注重速度，逐漸養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣。,2.強(qiáng)制把手或筆等物體離開(kāi)讀物。讓大腦活動(dòng)、眼睛轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和手指翻書(shū)。,3、進(jìn)行意群閱讀，擴(kuò)大視幅。

57、逐詞閱讀還會(huì)割斷詞與詞的聯(lián)系。,誤區(qū)2.閱讀時(shí)將文字讀出聲來(lái)，或在心里清晰地發(fā)出單詞的音。,實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，默讀的速度是朗讀的2倍。,過(guò)分依賴聲音而非語(yǔ)意，將影響閱讀的廣度和深度。,1.閱讀時(shí)緊閉雙唇。,2.有意識(shí)地將閱讀速度加快到超過(guò)講話的最快速度。,措施：,誤區(qū)3.閱讀英語(yǔ)時(shí)，先將英文譯成母語(yǔ)然后經(jīng)過(guò)母語(yǔ)去理解所讀的內(nèi)容。,閱讀經(jīng)過(guò)多重的翻譯環(huán)節(jié)，必然會(huì)影響閱讀速度.,1、閱讀英文時(shí)用英語(yǔ)思考非常必要。,2、經(jīng)過(guò)大量的快速閱讀訓(xùn)練，腦子會(huì)自然而然地與英語(yǔ)建立直接的聯(lián)系。,措施：,誤區(qū)4.對(duì)已讀過(guò)的內(nèi)容感到不放心或因沒(méi)看懂，再次倒回去讀。,倒讀次數(shù)太多會(huì)影響閱讀速度。,對(duì)一篇文章的理解一般情況是相對(duì)的，并不要求記住每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。,1.建立只讀一遍就能懂的自信心。,2、首先理解文章大意。,3、閱讀中目光始終從左到右移動(dòng)。（除根據(jù)題目要求，有必要重讀有些內(nèi)容外）,措施：,誤區(qū)5.平時(shí)閱讀中不適當(dāng)?shù)亍⒎浅ｎl繁地使用英漢詞典。,一篇文章變得支離破碎，不利于整體把握文章的主旨大意。,閱讀效率低下。,1.閱讀訓(xùn)練時(shí)，選擇在詞匯和語(yǔ)法深度上與自己相當(dāng)?shù)牟牧?。（生詞10）,2.采用上下文分析或根據(jù)詞根、前、后綴等方法猜詞。,3.完成閱讀訓(xùn)練任務(wù)后,有必要重讀該文章，查生詞的準(zhǔn)確含義，并記憶。,措施：,Practice makes perfect!,