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1、吉林省長春市2016高考英語閱讀理解（二輪）訓(xùn)練（5） 【2014高考英語湖北省漢陽市聯(lián)考試題】 400-year-old plants from the Little Ice Age were brought back to life, which could help us understand how the Earth will deal with climate change. Moss(蘚類植物) found buried beneath the Teardrop glacier(冰川) on Ellesmere Island in Canada has been brou

2、ght back to life. Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps. Plants that were buried beneath thick ice in Canada more than 400 years ago and were thought to have frozen to death have been brought back to life by Canadian scientists. Samples of the

3、moss plant, covered by the glacier during the Little Ice Age of 1550 to 1850 AD, were replanted in a lab at the University of Alberta and grew new stems(莖). Researchers now think these findings can give indication as to how regions can recover as the ice covering them melts. Biologist Dr. Catherine

4、 La Farge and her team at the University of Alberta were exploring the region around the Teardrop glacier on Ellesmere Island. Ice on Ellesmere Island region has been melting at around four meters each year for the past nine years. This means that many areas of land that were previously covered by i

5、ce have since been exposed. Many ecosystems that were thought to have been destroyed during the Little Ice Age between 1550 and 1850 AD can now be studied, including many species that have never been studied before. While examining an exposed area of land, La Farge and her team discovered a small a

6、rea of moss called Aulacomnium turgidum. It is a type of bryophyte(苔蘚類植物) plant that mainly grows across Canada, the US and the Highlands of Scotland. Dr La Farge noticed that the moss had small patches of green stems, suggesting it is either growing again or can be encouraged to repopulate. Dr La

7、Farge told the BBC, “When we looked at the samples in detail and brought them to the lab, I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches, suggesting that these plants are growing again, and that blew my mind. When we think of thick areas of ice covering the landscape, we’ve

8、always thought that plants have to come from refugia(瀕絕生物保護區(qū)), never considering that land plants come from underneath a glacier. It’s a whole world of what’s coming out from underneath the glacier that really needs to be studied. The ice is disappearing pretty fast. We really have not examined all

9、the biological systems that exist in the world; we don’t know it all.” Dr La Farge took samples of the moss and, using carbon-dating techniques, discovered that the plants date back to the Little Ice Age. Dr La Farge’s team took the samples, planted them in dishes full of nutrient-rich potting soil

10、 and fed them with water. The samples were from four separate species including Aulacomnium turgidum, Distichium capillaceum, Encalypta procera and Syntrichia ruralis. The moss plants found by Dr La Farge are types of bryophytes. Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets

11、warmer. However, Dr La Farge was surprised that the plants buried under ice have survived into the twenty-first century. Her findings appear in proceedings（論文集）of the National Academy of Sciences. 59. Dr La Farge’s research is of great importance to ________. A. knowing what the plants during the

12、 Little Ice Age were like B. understanding how ecosystems recover from glaciers. C. regrowing many species that have been destroyed before. D. figuring out the effects of melting ice caps on moss. 60. The underlined part “blew my mind” in Paragraph 6 can best be replaced by “________”. A. surpr

13、ised me B. greatly frightened me C. put my doubt out of my mind D. was exactly what I had in my mind 61. According to the passage, Aulacomnium turgidum ________. A. lives better in small groups B. is very active in hot weather C. is strong enough to survive coldness

14、D. is chosen from Canadian refugia 62. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Bryophyte ecology is greatly affected by climate change. B. 400-year-old moss’s survival is a mystery to solve. C. Moss in ancient times was discovered in Canada. D. 400-year-old plants wer

15、e brought back to life. 【參考答案】59、ＢＡ 61-62 ＣＤ 【2014高考英語綜合能力測試題】 For centuries, polar bears have enjoyed Arctic waters by themselves. But now, they are getting company in summer. Last summer, China sent its first icebreaker, the Snow Dragon, over the top of Russia, from Shanghai t08lcelan

16、d. This summer, the Yong Sheng, a freighter（貨船）operated by China's COSCO shipping company, became the first Chinese merchant ship to take the shortcut. It sailed from Shanghai to Rotterdam, cutting two weeks off the usual route, through Egypt's Suez Canal. Satellite photos by the U.S. space agency

17、, NASA, show that the white Arctic ice around the North Pole shrinks every summer. It is replaced by more and more open water, which appears black in the photos. Even Russian President Vladimir Putin agrees with the American scientists. "It is absolutely clear now that the climate is changing. Eve

18、ryone is talking about this," he said in a forum held here recently. "It is clear now that the northern latitudes can be-y open for shipping for 100 days or perhaps 150 days, and that new regions are opening up for economic activity." While Russia invests in more icebreakers, Arctic experts gathere

19、d at the forum say they see growing opportunities for trade. Felix Tschudi, chairman of a Norwegian shipping company, has shipped iron ore (鐵礦) from northern Norway to China. "We believe that the potential of the Northern Sea Route is large," said Tschudi, a promoter of the route. "It will not be li

20、ke an explosion. In 2010, there were four ships using the shortcut. In 2011, there were 34 ships. And in 2012 there were 46 ships. This year we expect around 50 ships." Lawson Brigham is the captain of a United States Coast Guard icebreaker based in Alaska. "Really, we're looking at a seasonal supp

21、lement(補充)to the Suez Canal, carrying natural resources, " he said. "We're not going to change the equipment for the global container ship traffic. " 41. What can we learn about polar bears from the first paragraph? A. They will be lonely in summer. B. They will get together in summer.

22、 C. They will get up a company in summer. D. They will see human beings m summer. 42. The underlined word "shrinks" in Paragraph 4 is closed in meaning to "_______". A. changes B. increases C. reduces D. pollutes 43. Which of the following statements is

23、 NOT true according to Felix Tschudi? A. More and more ships will use the transit route. B. The ships using the transit route will increase rapidly. C. The Northern Sea Route can bear the trans- Arctic trading ships. D. About 4 more ships are expected to use the Northern Sea Route.

24、44. How many countries are mentioned in this passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 45. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Yong Sheng took the shortcut through the Suez Canal to the Arctic this summer. B. The Snow Dragon from China was th

25、e first icebreaker to the Arctic this summer. C. Vladimir Putin agreed that shipping through the Arctic has changed the climate there. D. Lawson Brigham believed that the global container ship traffic would be replaced. 【參考答案】41-45 DCBDA 曾經(jīng)寂寞的北極，如今變得熱鬧起來了，尤其是在夏天。一方面專家擔心大量的貿(mào)易船只來往會影響北極氣候；而另

26、一方面一些提倡穿過北極新航線的專家則認為北極不會受太大影響。 41. D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中But now, they are getting company in summer.可知答案。 42. C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后面一句It is replaced by more and more open water,...可知答案。 43. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中Felix Tschudi所說的“It will not be like an explosion.”可以得知船只增加的速度并不會太快。 44. D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，文章中提到了China, Russi

27、a, Iceland, Egypt, Norway和the United States六個國家。 45. A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知the Yong Sheng是第一艘通過the Suez Canal走捷徑到達北冰洋的貨船。 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。 【2013屆廣東省六校第二次聯(lián)考】 The flag, the most common symbol of a nation in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. With a clear symbolic me

28、aning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country. The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive artifact. It is, rather, the product of thousands of years’ development. Historians believe that it had two ma

29、jor ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction. Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how

30、to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another. Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was

31、more dependable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. The connection of the flag with heavenly power was therefore reasonable. Early human societies began to fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems (圖騰) before carrying them into battle. They believed that the

32、 power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of the gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves. These flags developed very slowly into modern flags. The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked. The king of China around 1000 B.C. was known to have a white flag carri

33、ed ahead of him. This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routes through India, then across Arab lands, and finally to Europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag. 41. The best title for t

34、he passage would be “________”. A. Development of the National Flag B. Power of the National Flag C. Types of Flags D. Uses of Flags 【答案】A 【解析】標題歸納題?！癐t is, rather, the product of thousands of years’ development.”說明國旗是幾千年發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物。而且整片文章從旗幟最初用于表示風向，一直講到它演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)代的旗幟。所以本文說的是國旗的發(fā)展。故選A。 42. The un

35、derlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A. impossible to make sure of B. likely to be protected C. easy to be damaged D. difficult to find 【答案】C 【解析】詞義猜測題。本段第一句“Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats.”說早期人類使用非常易壞的的房屋和船只。而本句 “People’s food supplies were si

36、milarly vulnerable.” 中“similarly”意為“同樣地”，所以"vulnerable”也表示“易損壞”。故選C。 43. The earliest flags were connected with heavenly power because ________. A. they could tell direction B. they could bring good luck to ancient fighters C. they were handed down by the ancestors D. they were believed to sta

37、nd for natural forces 【答案】D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本段第一句“Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods,……”“用一塊布系到標桿頂部來判斷風向比早期的辦法更可靠?！币虼?，最早的旗幟與天的力量有關(guān)。故選D。 44. What does the author know of the first national flag? A. He knows

38、when it was sent to Europe. B. He believes it was made in Egypt. C. He thinks it came from China. D. He doubts where it started. 【答案】D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。最后一段“The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked.?！闭f明第一個國家的旗幟未被標明，所以作者不知道第一面國旗是從哪兒誕生的。 45. What will the author most probably talk about

39、 next? A. The role of China in the spread of the national flag. B. The second ancestor of the national flag. C. The use of modern flags in Europe. D. The importance of modern flags. 【答案】B 【解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)尾處“This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routes through India, then across Arab lands, and finally to Europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.”說明中國國王樹立旗幟的做法遍及到了貿(mào)易行路，通過印度，穿過阿拉伯大陸，最終到達歐洲。在那與另一個國旗的原型結(jié)合。所以，接下來最可能討論的是過國旗的第二個始祖。故選B。