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1、錦山實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué) Book1 高一外語(yǔ)組：王春華 2011年10月 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題講解：句子成分 句子成分：組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫句子成分。其中包括： 主要成分：主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 次要成分：表語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) ㈠主語(yǔ)(sub)：句子所陳述的主體。一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。 讀下面的句子標(biāo)出

2、主語(yǔ)并總結(jié)能夠做主語(yǔ)的詞。 1.Honesty is the best quality. 2.Nobody can help you. 3.Four and five makes nine. 4.The sick and the old need our help. 5.The wounded should be sent to hospital.

3、 6.To become a nurse is my wish. 7.Running is good for health. 8.Between six and seven in the morning is the best time. 9.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 10.It is necessary to master a foreign language.

4、 11.There is a teacher and 3students. 總結(jié)： ㈡謂語(yǔ)（v.）: 表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，行為或所處的狀態(tài)。（謂語(yǔ)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化）動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)常在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。 觀察下面的句子總結(jié)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成。 1. He practices running every morning. / The plane takes off at 8 o’clock. 2. You may keep the book for two weeks. / He has caught a bad cold. 3. Our school becomes more b

5、eautiful. 總結(jié)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成。 ?1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)： ?2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)： ㈢表語(yǔ)(pred.): 系動(dòng)詞后用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，類(lèi)屬，狀態(tài)或身份等。 系動(dòng)詞的類(lèi)別： 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：be (is am are was were) seem smell sound taste feel touch stay(保持) remain (依然) look （看上去） appear （顯得） keep（保持）continue (繼續(xù)) stand (以某種方式矗立著) 結(jié)果（轉(zhuǎn)變）系動(dòng)詞：become grow(長(zhǎng)得) come(成為) prove(證明) get (變

6、得) turn (變得) fall (變?yōu)? go （變得） 觀察下面的句子總結(jié)哪些詞可以做表語(yǔ)： 1. It becomes a major problem. 2. I am not myself today. 3.He was the first to leave. 4.The lights are on. 5.Wasting time is killing yourself.

7、 6.The book is interesting. 7.The leaves grow yellow. 8.I am much worried about her health. 9.My wish is to become a nurse. 10.I am at work now. 11.This is where we disagree. 總結(jié)： ㈣賓語(yǔ)(obj.):表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一

8、般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后 面。 觀察下面的句子總結(jié)哪些詞可以作賓語(yǔ)： 1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.? 2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.?How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4.?They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.?He pretended not to see me.

9、 6. I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.?I think（that）he is fit for his office. 8. I can’t decide when to start the job. 總結(jié)： 賓語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)： 雙賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 同源賓語(yǔ)： laugh a…laugh dream a … dream blow a…blow smile a … smile s

10、ing a … song live a… life 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(obj.-c) : 英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞（包括介詞with），除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。 帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)也叫復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)) 觀察下面的句子總結(jié)那些詞可以做賓補(bǔ)： 1. She used to sleep with the windows open. 2. We made him our monitor. 3.He made the class over. 4.

11、 The parents let their children in their bedroom. 5. I get him to do this job by himself. 6.I found him wondering along the street. 7.I got my car repaired. 8.I don’t know when the meeting will be held. 總結(jié)： ㈤定語(yǔ)(attributive)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以

12、下等成分表示： 觀察句子總結(jié)能做定語(yǔ)的詞： 1. Guilin is a beautiful city. 2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 3. There are thirty women teachers in our school. 4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 5. ?Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 6. ?The tea

13、ching plan for next term has been worked out. 7. ?He is reading an article about how to learn English. 8. The boy who is standing there is my brother. 總結(jié)： 定語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)：前置定語(yǔ) 后置定語(yǔ) 多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)的順序： ㈥?duì)钫Z(yǔ)(adv.): 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分。 觀察下面的句子總結(jié)做狀語(yǔ)的詞： 1. Light travels most quickly.

14、 2.?He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.?He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. 4.?He is in the room making a model plane. 5.Wait a minute. 6.?Once you begin, you must continue. 總結(jié)： 觀察下面的句子總結(jié)狀語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)： 1.?How

15、about meeting again at six? 2.Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 3.?I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 4.?Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. 5.?She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 6.?She came i

16、n with a dictionary in her hand. 7.?In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8.?He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.? 9. She works very hard though she is old. ?10. I am taller than he is. 總結(jié)： ㈦同位語(yǔ)：是在名詞或代詞之后的并列名詞或代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分，在語(yǔ)法上與前者處于同等地位。 觀察下面的句子總結(jié)

17、做同位語(yǔ)的詞： 1.We students should study hard. 2. We each will have a chance to travel by air. 3. Are you three ready? 4. The news that we will have a holiday tomorrow is true. 總結(jié)： ㈧獨(dú)立成分：有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的成分，稱(chēng)為句子獨(dú)立成分 感嘆詞：oh, hello, aha, ah, there！(得了得了)come on！hi 等。

18、 肯定詞yes 否定詞no 稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)：mum, dad，Mary ,John 。 插入語(yǔ)：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe, Believe it or not 等。 情態(tài)詞,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語(yǔ)）:perhaps也許,maybe大 概,actually實(shí)際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。 4 Achievement comes from hard work. 成就源于付出。