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1、2014高考英語閱讀理解：2013暑假練習(xí)題（5）及答案解析 (第 A篇) Four people in England ，back in 1953, stared at Photo 51.It wasn’ t much — a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed — the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame

2、 and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick，and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out. Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there，” says historian Mary Bowden.“ If her photos hadn’ t been there, the others couldn’ t have come

3、 up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision.But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors. At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Cri

4、ck tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’ s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’ s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone Xrays at the molecule (分子). The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape. But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rock

5、ier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project. What she did was produce Xray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she

6、 was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return，“ Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place.” As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of re

7、searchers, says historian Pnina AbirAm. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution.” No, Franklin was the solut

8、ion.“ She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a codiscoverer，” AbirAm says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”， Franklin is finally comin

9、g into the light. [語篇解讀]　誰發(fā)現(xiàn)了DNA，僅僅只有James Watson，F(xiàn)rancis Crick和Maurice Wilkins嗎？本文作者告訴我們，功勞也有Rosalind Franklin的一份。 1．What is the text mainly about? A. The disagreements among DNA researchers. B. The unfair treatment of Franklin. C. The process of discovering DNA. D. The race between two teams

10、 of scientists. [解析]　主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知Franklin在DNA的發(fā)現(xiàn)中也做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，但卻由于某些原因而不為人知。由此答案選B項(xiàng)：她受到了不公正的對待。 [答案]　B 2．Watson was angry with Franklin because she________. A. took the lead in the competition B. kept her results from him C. proved some of his findings wrong D. shared her data with other scienti

11、sts [解析]　邏輯推理題。從第五段前兩句可知，F(xiàn)ranklin直言不諱地指出他們犯的錯誤，這引起了Watson的不滿。答案選C。 [答案]　C 3．Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA” ? A. She developed pictures in dark labs. B. She discovered the black X— the shape of DNA. C. Her name was forgotten after her death. D. Her contribution was unknown to

12、the public. [解析]　邏輯推理題。從全文可知，作者認(rèn)為Franklin的貢獻(xiàn)被忽略掉了，她的貢獻(xiàn)理應(yīng)得到人們的承認(rèn)。所以答案選D。 [答案]　D 4．What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins ，Watson and Crick? A. Disapproving.　　　　　 B. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful. [解析]　態(tài)度推測題。從全文知，作者肯定了Franklin的貢獻(xiàn)，對另外三個科學(xué)家的行為表示“不滿，不贊成”，所以答案選A。 [答案]　A ****

13、***************************************************結(jié)束 (第B 篇) This was no ordinary class. The students who came together were all science or engineering professors at Cornell University. They had interrupted their research to accept an invitation to take part in an unusual experim

14、ent: “an interesting week of poetry.” This class was part of a study to answer the questions: Why is science difficult for many nonscience students? What can teachers learn about teaching if they take a class that is not in their field? The students in the poetry class listened to lectures and took

15、 notes. They had reading tasks and had to write three short papers. All students noticed one thing—the importance of spoken words. In science and engineering classes, the instructors put tables and drawings on the blackboard. But in this poetry class, the instructors just talked. They didn’t write a

16、nything on the board. The scientists and engineers noticed one similarity between science and poetry. In both subjects, students need to find layers(層次) of meaning. Some layers are simple, clear, and on the surface；other layers are deeper and more difficult. This search for different levels of mean

17、ing doesn’t happen much in undergraduate (本科) science classes, but it is important later, in graduate school. And it is always important in humanities(人文學(xué)科)． Both the poetry instructors and their students learned something about teaching from this experience. One poetry instructor, for example, now

18、 sees the importance of using careful，clear definitions (定義)when he explains a poem. He also plans to be more informative as he teaches. Most of the scientists agreed on several points. First, humanities classes might help science students to see patterns and decide which information is important. S

19、econd, the poetry class was fun. One engineer decided, “We need to change the way we teach engineering to make it an enjoyable experience for students.” But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this：All of the professors began to think about how they teach and how they can teach

20、better. 5. What do we know about this unusual class? A. The teachers did lots of writing on the board. B. The teachers were invited to attend several lectures. C. The students were professors from a university. D. The students were studying science and humanities. [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“This was no ord

21、inary class.The students who came together were all science or engineering professors at Cornell University”可知C項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]　C 6. The experiment was designed to find out________. A. how to teach the students in the science class B. whether poetry is difficult for science students C. what to be taug

22、ht in the humanities class D. why many humanities students find science hard [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“why is science difficult for many nonscience students？”找到答案。 [答案]　D 7. Finding levels of meaning is________. A. important for graduate students in humanities B. difficult for graduate students in humanit

23、ies C. common for undergraduate students in science D. easy for undergraduate students in science [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“And it is always important in humanities”可知選A項(xiàng)。 [答案]　A 8. What did the science professors learn after the experiment? A. They should change the way they teach. B. A poem coul

24、d be explained in clear definitions. C. A poetry class could be more informative. D. Their teaching was an enjoyable experience. [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this：All of the professors began to think about how they teach and how they can teach better.”我

25、們可知道全文的中心思想。 [答案]　A ***************************************************結(jié)束 A (文章選自Voice of American Special English,題目原創(chuàng)） Half of the world’s population is affected by Asian monsoons（季風(fēng)）, but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the r

26、ainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions. Every year, moist （潮濕的）air masses，known as monsoon，produce large amounts of rainfall in India, East Asia, Northern Australia and East Africa. All this wet air is pulled in by a high pressure area over the In

27、dian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south. According to Edward Cook , a weather expert at Columbia University in New York., the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to

28、 be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings, or circles, inside thousands of ancient trees in more than 300 places. Rainfall has a direct link to the

29、growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document they are calling a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s. Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry weather. “If the

30、monsoon basically fails or is a very weak one, the trees affected by monsoons at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the chronology that we

31、developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability.” With all this information, researchers say they can begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons. “There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts.

32、And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding.” said Eugene Wahl, a scientist with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “So, to get a sense of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long peri

33、od of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.” 55.What’sthe passage mainly about？ A. The effects of Asian monsoons. B. The necessity of weather forecast. C. The achievements of Edward cook. D. A breakthrough in monsoon prediction. 56. It is

34、 difficult for experts to predict Asian monsoons because_________ A. it is hard to keep long-term climate records. B. they are formed under complex climate systems. C. they influence many nations. D. there is heavy rainfall in Asia. 57. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Lon

35、g and details climate records can offer useful information for monsoon research. B. The Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas has a monsoon record for about 1,300 years. C. The trees affected by monsoon grow fast if the monsoon is weak. D. The rainfall might be low although the monsoon is strong in monsoon-

36、affected areas. 58. According to Professor Cook, the rings of the trees ____________ A. determine the regional climate. B. have a great influence on the regional climate. C. offer people information about the regional climate. D. reflect all kinds of regional climate information.

37、 59. What do we know about the research according to Eugene Wahl? A. It is a great achievement in climate science. B. It should include information about human life in the past. C. It has analysed moisture models world wide, D. It will help people prevent droughts and floods. 60. Which of the following best describes the tone of this passage? A. Matter-of –fact B. Pessimistic C. Humorous D. Friendly. 參考答案55-60、DBACAA ********************************************************結(jié)束