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1、2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語陜西版 專題升級(jí)訓(xùn)練十六　史地、自然、科普、新聞?lì)愰喿x理解、信息匹配（一） 第一節(jié)　閱讀理解 A The Alps are the youngest and highest mountain system in Europe.They stretch across the western and southern part of the continent in a broad arc.The mountain range starts near the Mediterranean Sea on the border between France and I

2、taly.Then it curves north and eastward through northern Italy，Switzerland，Liechtenstein，southern Germany，Austria and Slovenia. The Alps are about 1,000 km long，and the broadest section is over 260 km wide.The highest peak，Mont Blanc，situated on the border between France，Italy and Switzerland，rises

3、4,807 meters above sea level.Other famous peaks are the Monte Rosa，the Matterhorn，the GroBglockner and the Zugspitze. Millions of years ago the area of today's Alps was covered by a large sea that separated Europe and Africa.The southern land mass started moving northwards.This movement folded rock

4、 layers at the bottom of the sea.Heat and pressure transformed the rock and pushed the_material upwards.Today these regions are the highest parts of the Alps.Most of the newly formed rock is granite and gneiss，but many ranges consist of limestone which also formed on the seabed. During the Ice Age，

5、which started about a million years ago，the Alps were covered with a thick blanket of snow.Glaciers moved down valleys and made them wider and deeper.As they moved they took rock and other material with them，creating moraines（冰磧）．When glaciers started to melt water filled up behind these natural dam

6、s and created the alpine lakes we know today. The largest of these glaciers is the Aletsch in Switzerland which reaches a length of about 25 km.The longest glacier of the eastern Alps is the 8 km long Pasterze，at the foot of the GroBglockner. The ice and snow of the alpine regions helped create th

7、e large rivers of today：the Rhine，Rhone，Danube and the Po. 1．From the first two paragraphs we know the Alps ______. A．a(chǎn)re about 260 km wide B．stretch across the western part of Africa C．a(chǎn)re the youngest mountain system in the world D．have the highest peak 4,807 meters above sea level 2．What do

8、es the underlined phrase “this material” in Para.3 refer to? A．Sea water and rock. B．Rock that was transformed. C．Rock layers that were folded. D．Limestone which was on the seabed. 3．It can be inferred from the passage that the Alps were formed ______. A．before the Ice Age　　　　　　　B．during the I

9、ce Age C．because of seas' movement D．because of glaciers' movement 4．From the passage we know Danube is ______. A．a(chǎn) kind of rock B．one of the Alps' famous peaks C．the name of a river D．one of the largest glaciers B Nanoparticles（納米粒子）are everywhere，from cosmetics and cl

10、othes，to soda and snacks.But as common as they are，they also have a downside，say researchers at Binghamton University and Cornell University in a recent paper published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.These tiny particles，even in low doses，could have a big impact on our long-term health. Accor

11、ding to the lead author of the article，Gretchen Mahler，assistant professor of bioengineering at Binghamton University，much of the existing research on the safety of nanoparticles has been directly related to health effects.But what Mahler and a team of researchers really wanted to know was what happ

12、ens when someone gets constant exposure in small doses—the kind you'd get if you took a drug or supplement that included nanoparticles in some form. “We thought that the best way to measure the more subtle（精細(xì)的）effects of this kind of intake was to monitor the reaction of intestinal（腸道的）cells，”said

13、Mahler.“And we did this in two ways：through human intestinal-lining cells that we had cultured in the lab，and through the intestinal linings of live chickens.Both sets of results pointed to the same thing—that exposure to nanoparticles influences the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.” T

14、he uptake of iron was of particular interest due to the way it is absorbed and processed through the intestines.“What we found was that for brief exposures，iron absorption dropped by about 50 percent，”said Mahler.“But when we extended that period of time，absorption actually increased by about 200 pe

15、rcent.It was very clear—nanoparticles definitely affect iron uptake and transport.” While brief oral exposure disrupted intestinal iron transport，long-time exposure caused intestinal cells to be larger and broader，thus allowing iron to enter the bloodstream much faster.“The intestinal cells are a g

16、ateway that ingested nanoparticles must go through to get to the body，”said Mahler.“We monitored iron absorption and found that the polystyrene nanoparticles affected the absorption process and caused a physiological response.” 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Nanoparticles are common i

17、n our life. B．Nanoparticles have an effect on our health. C．We should know more about nanoparticles. D．The intake of nanoparticles should be banned. 6．Gretchen Mahler's research is to ______. A．measure the direct health effects of iron uptake B．find out the effect of long-time exposure to nano

18、particles C．explore how to reduce the effects of nanoparticles D．study how nanoparticles affect chickens 7．The underlined word “disrupted” in the last paragraph probably means “______”． A．disordered　　　　　　B．benefited C．discovered D．followed 8．In which part of a magazine can this pass

19、age most likely be found? A．Science. B．History. C．Entertainment. D．Economy. C Climate change is threatening to redraw the world's wine-producing map，and the effects are already being seen in earlier harvests and coarser（更為粗糙、劣質(zhì)的）wines. “The consequences of global warming are al

20、ready being felt.Harvests are already coming 10 days earlier than before in almost all grape-growing regions，”said Bernard Seguin，the head of climate studies at France's INRA agricultural research institute.He was speaking at the opening of the Second International Congress on Wine and Climate Chang

21、e.“Wine and wine-producing will change in a way that will depend on how we face global warming，”said Seguin.“If the temperature rises two or three degrees centigrade，we could manage to see Bordeaux remain as Bordeaux，Rioja as Rioja，Burgundy as Burgundy.But if it goes up five or six degrees，we must f

22、ace up to huge problems，and the changes will be hard，”he said. Grapes are damaged if they ripen too quickly，due to higher temperatures and a lack of rain.“When a grape matures more quickly，you get higher concentrations of sugar，lower acidity（酸性）and a higher PH level，”said Fernando Zamora of the oen

23、ology faculty（葡萄酒釀造學(xué)系）at the University of Tarragona in Spain.The result is coarser wines，with a higher alcohol level and lower acidity which can destroy the delicate flavor of good quality wines，he said. It would also lead to higher prices in countries which tax wine according to its alcohol level

24、.“The types of wines will change in almost all regions，”said Vicente Sotes，a professor at the Polytechnic University.And some regions which still produce good wine would no longer benefit from the ideal climatic conditions that are responsible for their fame. “The French will have problems，especial

25、ly in the Bordeaux region，”said Pancho Campos，the president of the Wine Academy of Spain，who organized the Barcelona conference. “German producers on the banks of the Rhine will be the least at risk，”he said.The French “Grand Crus” could be further threatened by the “New World” wines of Australia，C

26、alifornia，Chile，Argentina，South Africa and New Zealand，which would have the best climatic conditions.“The countries in the southern hemisphere（半球）are next to a greater mass of water，and it is sea currents that maintain the temperature at its level，”said Campos. 9．What's the main idea of the passage

27、? A．How we should fight against the climate change. B．Earlier harvests are the causes of coarser wines. C．Wine production is threatened by the climate change. D．Global warming is very serious in many countries. 10．A brand of wine with poor quality bears the feature of ______. A．a(chǎn) lower alcohol

28、 level B．a(chǎn) lower PH level C．a(chǎn) lower acidity level D．a(chǎn) lower sugar level 11．The last paragraph indicates that ______. A．wines produced in the countries in the southern hemisphere have low prices B．French wine producers face more threats from the rise of temperature C．the southern

29、countries have much higher temperature compared with the north D．the countries in the southern hemisphere would have ideal climate for wine producing D Scientists think it will be possible to record people's dreams and then interpret them.They claim to have developed a system which allows them to

30、 record higher level brain activity.Dr Moran Cerf told the journal Nature：“We would like to read people's dreams.”Previously the only way to access people's dreams is for psychologists to ask about them after the event and try to interpret them. Dr Cerf hopes to eventually compare people's memories

31、 of their dreams with an electronic picture of their brain activity.He told the BBC：“There's no clear answer as to why humans dream.And one of the questions we would like to answer is when do we actually create this dream.” The scientist believes his latest research shows that certain neurons（神經(jīng)元）o

32、r individual brain cells are linked with specific objects or concepts.He found that a particular neuron lit up when a volunteer thought about Marilyn Monroe.If a database was built up identifying various neurons with concepts，objects and people，it would allow them to “read the subject's minds”，accor

33、ding to Dr Cerf.However，Dr Roderick Oner，a clinical psychologist and dream expert，said that this kind of picture would be of limited help when it came to interpreting the “complex dream story”． In order to get a detailed picture of individual neurons，scientists had to have electrodes（電極）implanted d

34、eep in the brain by using surgery.The Nature researchers used data from patients who had electrodes implanted to monitor and treat them for brain seizures.However，Dr Cerf said he hoped that it would be possible at a later stage to monitor people without invasive surgery.He said it would be “wonderfu

35、l” to be able to read the minds of coma（昏迷的）patients who are unable to communicate. 12．How did we record and interpret our dreams in the past? A．We couldn't do that because of our limited science knowledge. B．Only some scientists could do that with some special systems. C．Everyone could do that

36、by asking about the dreamers after the event. D．Psychologists could do that by asking about the dreamers after the event. 13．What can be inferred from the 3rd paragraph? A．Dr Cerf's latest research is really a success. B．Dr Cerf's latest research turns out to be a failure. C．Not all scientists

37、are in favor of Dr Cerf's opinion. D．All scientists think Dr Cerf's research is ridiculous. 14．Why did scientists have electrodes implanted deep in the brain? A．Because they wanted to gain a more clear image of individual neurons. B．Because they hoped to find a new way of curing the patients'

38、brain seizures. C．Because they could get the data that would be used for treating brain seizures. D．Because they wanted to read the minds of coma patients unable to communicate. 15．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．A famous scientist，Dr Cerf B．Scientists plan to rec

39、ord people's dreams C．When do we actually create this dream D．Roderick Oner，a clinical psychologist and dream expert 第二節(jié)　信息匹配 A．The education in Paris B．The culture of Paris C．The population growth in Paris D．The production of Paris E．The industries in Paris F．The introduction of Paris 16

40、． Paris，the capital and largest city of the country，is in north central France.The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation's population and is the economic，cultural，and political center of France.The French government have historically favored the city as the site for all decision

41、-making，thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation's activities. 17． Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century.With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution，a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th

42、 century.The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads，which provided easy access to the capital.After World War Ⅱ，more and more immigrants arrived. 18． The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting.It is a place of publicat

43、ion of the most important newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center.With more than 100 museums，Paris has truly one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world.The Louvre opened as a museum in 1793，is one of the largest museums in the world. 19． In the la

44、te 1980s about 4.1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools.In addition，about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools.Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s.French centers of learn

45、ing have served as academic models throughout the world. 20． Paris is the leading industrial center of France，with about one quarter of the nation's manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area.Industries of consumers' goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big

46、population.and modern，high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War Ⅱ.Chief manufactures are machinery，automobiles，chemicals and electrical equipment. 參考答案 第一節(jié)　閱讀理解 A 1. 答案：D 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的第二句話可知阿爾卑斯山脈的最高峰——勃朗峰海拔4807米。 2. 答案：B 解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該句的結(jié)構(gòu)“Heat and pressure transfo

47、rmed the rock and pushed the material upwards.”可知該詞語指代前面的the rock，故選B項(xiàng)。 3. 答案：A 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三、四段的首句，可以推斷出阿爾卑斯山脈是在冰河世紀(jì)之前形成的，故選A項(xiàng)。 4. 答案：C 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段可知Danube（多瑙河）是由阿爾卑斯山脈的冰雪融化形成的大河之一。 B 5. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意題。第一段提出了文章的主旨。根據(jù)第一段中的“These tiny particles，even in low doses，could have a big impact

48、on our long-term health”可知，答案為B項(xiàng)。 6. 答案：B 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“But what Mahler...was what happens when someone gets constant exposure in small doses...”可知，答案為B項(xiàng)。 7. 答案：A 解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“What we found was that for brief exposures，iron absorption dropped by about 50 percent...”和“...nanoparticles defi

49、nitely affect iron uptake and transport.”可推斷，disrupt意為“干擾”，故答案為A項(xiàng)。 8. 答案：A 解析：推理判斷題。本文介紹了關(guān)于納米粒子的最新研究成果，屬于科學(xué)方面，故答案為A項(xiàng)。 C 9. 答案：C 解析：主旨大意題。文章第一段是本文的主題句，提到氣候變化對(duì)葡萄酒生產(chǎn)的影響及后果。 10. 答案：C 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題目涉及劣質(zhì)葡萄酒的特點(diǎn)，原文第三段提到葡萄成熟得太快所導(dǎo)致的葡萄以及葡萄酒的特點(diǎn)。 11. 答案：D 解析：推理判斷題。從最后一段最后一句中可知“南半球這些國家鄰近大片海域，海流可維持適宜的溫度”

50、，由此推測出氣候變化會(huì)使南半球的國家產(chǎn)生適宜種植葡萄的理想氣候環(huán)境。 D 12. 答案：D 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句“Previously the only way to access people's dreams is for psychologists to ask about them after the event and try to interpret them.”可知心理學(xué)家通過事后詢問做夢的人可以記錄并解釋他們的夢。 13. 答案：C 解析：推理判斷題。第三段最后說到另外一位著名的臨床心理學(xué)家及研究夢境的專家Dr Roderick Oner認(rèn)為Dr C

51、erf的研究成果對(duì)解讀人的夢境幫助不大，故選C項(xiàng)。 14.答案：A 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段首句可知他們把電極通過外科手術(shù)植入大腦是為了得到更加詳細(xì)清楚的個(gè)人神經(jīng)元圖像。 15. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意題。本文是在介紹科學(xué)家們在研究如何記錄并解讀人的夢境的方面的研究成果，故答案為B項(xiàng)。 第二節(jié)　信息匹配 答案與解析： 16．答案：F 解析：本段主要是對(duì)Paris的概況介紹。故選F項(xiàng)。 17．答案：C 解析：根據(jù)本段第二句和最后一句可知巴黎自從10世紀(jì)后期，這個(gè)城市就在穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，人口增多。 18．答案：B 解析：本段講巴黎的national radio and television broadcasting，important newspapers and magazines，more than 100 museums，可知是在談?wù)摪屠璧奈幕?。故選B項(xiàng)。 19．答案：A 解析：本段關(guān)鍵詞students，可見是在談?wù)摻逃? 20．答案：E 解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“Paris is the leading industrial center of France...”可以看出是在談?wù)摴I(yè)。