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1、人文英語 4 English for the Humanities 4,,,,,,Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 4,City and Country Life,Educational Fairness,Unit 5,Quality of Education,Legal Complaint,Unit 6,Effective Communication,,Unit 7,Social Work,Unit 8,Pleading not Guilty,Contents,Unit 1,British Culture,British Culture,Learning Objectives,Match

2、 the places / people with the pictures below. Please make some comments on the places / people. You may search for more detailed information on the Internet.,,,William Shakespeare B. Tower Bridge C. Big BenD. The Beatles E. The London Eye F. Winston Churchill,Big Ben（大本鐘） Big Ben is the nickname fo

3、r the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and often extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower. The tower is officially known as Elizabeth Tower, renamed to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012. The tower holds the second largest

4、 four-faced chiming clock in the world. The tower was completed in 1858 and has become one of the most prominent symbols of the United Kingdom and is often in the establishing shot of films set in London.,Tower Bridge（塔橋） Tower Bridge (built 1886 1894) is a combined bascule and suspension bridge（開合

5、橋和吊橋） in London. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London. The bridge consists of two bridge towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways. The bridge deck is freely accessible to both vehicles and pedestrians, w

6、hereas the bridges twin towers, high-level walkways and Victorian engine rooms form part of the Tower Bridge Exhibition, for which an admission charge is made.,William Shakespeare（威廉莎士比亞） William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the

7、English language and the worlds preeminent（卓越的，超群的）dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet, and the “Bard of Avon”. His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorshi

8、p. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.,What question does Liu Hui ask Gordon about watching TV? What benefit can people enjoy when they reach the age of 75 in terms of TV license? What is the main source of

9、income for BBC?,Listen to the dialog and answer the following questions.,【句子】You need to be covered by a TV license if you watch or record programs as theyre being shown on TV or live on an online TV service. 【譯文】如果你觀看或錄制電視播放或在線實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的節(jié) 目，你就需要持有電視收視許可證。 【難點(diǎn)】license 許可證，執(zhí)照。例如： business license 營業(yè)執(zhí)照， dr

10、ivers license 駕駛執(zhí)照；美語中， license 也可以作動(dòng)詞，意為“授權(quán)，發(fā)許可證”。例如：The new drug has not yet been licensed in the US. 這種新藥在美國還沒有被許可。 online 在線的，在網(wǎng)上。例如： online shopping 網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物， online game 網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲， online banking 網(wǎng)上銀行。,Language Notes,【句子】Including watching TV on computers and mobile phones? 【譯文】包括在電腦上和手機(jī)上看電視嗎? 【難點(diǎn)】mobi

11、le 移動(dòng)式的。例如： mobile phone 移動(dòng)電話，手機(jī)； mobile communication 移動(dòng)通信。 【句子】 We do for the live cable TV programs. 【譯文】我們的直播有線電視節(jié)目需要電視收視許可證。 【難點(diǎn)】這里的 do 指上句話中的 need，意為“需要”。單詞 live 此處是形容詞，意為“直播的”。 cable 電纜。例如： They run commercials on cable systems across the country. 他們?cè)诒椴既珖挠芯€電視網(wǎng)做廣告。,Language Notes,強(qiáng)調(diào)句 I do hat

12、e the awful symbols on the walls definitely. 我絕對(duì)討厭墻上那些討厭的符號(hào)。 英語中表示“ 強(qiáng)調(diào)” 的方式有很多種，常見的方法如下： 1. 用助詞 do 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does catch a cold. Do be quiet. I told you I had a headache. 2. 用形容詞 very， single 等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： The Red Army fought a battle on this very

13、spot. Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon. 3. 用副詞 very， only， even， so 等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：,He drank it to the very last drop. Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops. 4. 用 ... and that， ... and those， ... not too much,“否定加否定”等結(jié)構(gòu)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： They fulfilled the task, and that in a fe

14、w days. 5. 用反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： I myself will see her off at the station. 6. 用短語 in every way， in no way， by all means， by no means, only too， all too， but too， in heaven， in the world， in hell， on earth 等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： His behavior is in every way perfect.,Listen to the dialog and decide whether the following s

15、tatements are TRUE (T)or FALSE (F).,,,1. Molly has already had some plans this afternoon. 2. Zhang Hua asks Molly to walk around with him.3. Zhang Hua wants to see the typical British phone booths or the red buses.4. Molly doesnt think graffiti is part of Londons street culture.5. It is through the

16、 movie, Sherlock, that Zhang Hua becomes interested in graffiti,（ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ）,【句子】Would you like to walk around with me? 【譯文】您愿意和我一起四處走走嗎？ 【難點(diǎn)】walk around 四處走走。例如： Its important to take mini-breaks during your work day. Stop what youre doing, massage your shoulders, neck, head, hands and

17、arms, get up and stretch, walk around and drink some water. 忙碌的一天中抽出時(shí)間歇一會(huì)兒是很重要的。停下手中的事，揉揉肩膀、脖子、頭、手和手臂，站起來伸個(gè)懶腰，四處走動(dòng)走動(dòng)，喝點(diǎn)兒水。 【句子】You can pose for pictures with these magnificent places in the background. 【譯文】你可以以這些壯觀的地方作背景留影。 【難點(diǎn)】pose for 擺好姿勢(shì)（讓別人拍照或畫像）。例如： I hadnt been on a horse since I was five, an

18、d then only to pose for a picture in a cowboy outfit. 我五歲的時(shí)候曾經(jīng)穿著一身牛仔裝爬到馬背上，但只是為了拍張照片而已，從那以后我就再?zèng)]有騎過馬。,Language Notes,It is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that 句型 It is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that... 句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面，其他部分置于 that 之后。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語、賓語或狀語。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如果是人， that 也可以由 who 替代。 It is 或 It was 分別表示現(xiàn)在（將來）或過去。例如： It was the

19、y that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)主語） It is me that he is going to blame. （強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語） It was on Monday night that all this happened. ( 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語）,,,,Read the passage and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.,1. There are no free services over 480 channels for people to choose from in

20、 the UK. 2. People in the UK cant watch digital content on the Internet. 3. The Labor and Liberal Parties agreed with the bill introduced by the Conservative Government in 1953. 4. The BBC and Independent Television often put out different types of programs at the same time. 5. The license fee for c

21、olor is almost the same as that for black and white.,,Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions from the passage to outline the development of British TV.,Television broadcasting started in the United Kingdom in 1936 as a public service 1 . In 1953 the Conservative Government introduced a bi

22、ll to 2 commercial television. This was opposed very strongly by the 3 Parties, but the bill was passed and commercial television flourishes. Now there is a collection of 4 services over a variety of distribution media, through which there are over 480 channels for consumers as well as 5 . In the Un

23、ited Kingdom and 6 , any household watching or recording live television transmissions as they are being broadcast (terrestrial, satellite, cable, or Internet) is required to hold a 7 . Since April 1, 2010 the 8 has been 145.50 for color and 49.00 for 9 . On October 24, 2012, all television broadcas

24、ts in the United Kingdom were 10 .,【句子】Now there is a collection of free and subscription services over a variety of distribution media, through which there are over 480 channels for consumers as well as on-demand content. 【譯文】現(xiàn)在，各種傳播媒體可為消費(fèi)者提供480多個(gè)頻道及點(diǎn)播內(nèi)容，其中既有免費(fèi)服務(wù)也有付費(fèi)服務(wù)。 【難點(diǎn)】subscription 訂購，訂閱。例如： s

25、ubscription library 收費(fèi)圖書館， subscription channel 付費(fèi)頻道。 on-demand 按需的。例如： The need for business integration in the on demand era has never been so compelling. 進(jìn)入隨需應(yīng)變的時(shí)代以來，我們對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)整合的需求 從未如此強(qiáng)烈。 【句子】On October 24, 2012, all television broadcasts in the United Kingdom were in a digital format. 【譯文】2012年10月2

26、4日，英國所有的電視廣播都采用數(shù)碼格式。 【難點(diǎn)】format 格式。例如： We will discuss the advantages of one format over the other. 我們將討論這兩種格式各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。,Language Notes,【句子】 In 1953 the Conservative Government introduced a bill to make arrangements for commercial television. 【譯文】1953年，保守黨政府提出了一項(xiàng)議案，安排設(shè)立商業(yè)電視。 【難點(diǎn)】conservative 保守的。例如： Peo

27、ple tend to be more liberal when theyre young and more conservative as they get older. 人們年輕時(shí)往往更開放，年紀(jì)越大就越保守。 bill 議案。例如： This is the toughest crime bill that the Congress has passed in a decade. 這是十年來國會(huì)通過的最強(qiáng)硬的犯罪議案。 make arrangements for 安排某事。例如： Im going to make arrangements for your business trip. 我

28、去給你安排出差事宜。 commercial 商業(yè)的。例如： Baltimore in its heyday was a major center of industrial and commercial activity. 巴爾的摩在其鼎盛時(shí)期曾是工商業(yè)活動(dòng)的重要中心。,【句子】 Thus, the license fee made up the bulk of the BBCs total income of 5.102 billion in 20122013. 【譯文】因此，收視許可證費(fèi)占到了 BBC 20122013年51.02億英鎊總收入的大部分。 【難點(diǎn)】make up組成，構(gòu)成。例

29、如： The Chinese make up the largest single ethnic group in the citys public classrooms. 華人在該市公立學(xué)校中構(gòu)成最大的一個(gè)族群。 bulk 大部分，大多數(shù)。例如： The bulk of the text is essentially a review of these original documents. 正文的大部分基本上是對(duì)這些原始文獻(xiàn)的回顧。,Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Graffiti painting is traditi

30、onally a daredevil pursuit. 2. But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappeared from Britains cities. 3. The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing. 4. The Internet means that painters can win far more attention by posting pictures online than

31、they can by breaking into a railway yard. 5. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon a slightly healthier alternative to sitting and watching football.,,,【句子】Between 2007 and 2012 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded by the British Transport Police fell by 63%. 【譯文】20072012年，英國交通

32、警察局記錄的涂鴉事件下降了63%。 【難點(diǎn)】incident 事件。例如： These incidents were the latest in a series of disputes between the two nations. 這些事件是兩國一系列爭(zhēng)端中最近的幾起。 【句子】If you are having an argument with your child, you need to make sure you both take the time to really listen. 【譯文】如果你和孩子之間發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，你應(yīng)該確保你們彼此花時(shí)間互相傾聽對(duì)方。 【難點(diǎn)】have a

33、n argument with 與發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵。例如： Tom had an argument with his boss during the meeting this morning. 湯姆今天上午在開會(huì)的時(shí)候和他的老板發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵。 take the time to do 花費(fèi)時(shí)間去做某事。 其中 take 表示“耗費(fèi)（時(shí)間）”，經(jīng)常用于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中： It takes sb. (sometime) to do sth. 某人花時(shí)間做某事。例如： It takes me a long time to understand the theme of the novel. 我花了相當(dāng)長的時(shí)間才理解了

34、那部小說的主題。,【句子】Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls. 【譯文】涂鴉越來越被限制在被批準(zhǔn)的墻上。 【難點(diǎn)】confine 限制。例如： They decided not to let their new dog run loose, confining it to a fenced enclosure during the day. 他們決定不讓他們新買的狗亂跑，白天就把它關(guān)在有圍欄的圍圈里。sanction 批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可。例如： The church would not sanction his second m

35、arriage. 教會(huì)不會(huì)認(rèn)可他的第二次婚姻。 【句子】In time the practice may die out entirely. 【譯文】 最終涂鴉也許會(huì)完全消失。 【難點(diǎn)】in time 最終，遲早。例如： If you keep on, you will succeed in time. 如果堅(jiān)持下去，你總有一天會(huì)成功。 die out 消失，滅絕。例如： Campus life will lose its variety and vigor if marginalized clubs die out. 如果一些邊緣社團(tuán)消失了，校園生活也就會(huì)失去其多樣性和活力。,Corpora

36、te Culture（企業(yè)文化） Corporate culture is the general values, beliefs and attitudes that characterize a company and guide its practices. To some extent, a companys internal culture may be expressed in its mission state mentor vision statement. Elements of corporate culture include a companys physical

37、environment, human resources practices and the staff itself. Corporate culture is also reflected in the degree of emphasis placed on various defining elements such as hierarchy（層級(jí)） , process, innovation, collaboration, competition, community involvement and social engagement. A corporate culture t

38、hat reflects the broader culture is usually more successful than one that is at odds with it. For example, in the current global culture, which values transparency （透明度） , equality and communication, a secretive company with a strictly hierarchical structure may have a public relations problem.,Work

39、place Tip,Ask your classmates, colleagues or friends the following questions and write down his / her answers.,How many people are there in your family? Do your family members often watch TV? How many hours do they spend watching TV every day on average? What kind of TV programs do your family membe

40、rs like to watch? Do your family members often watch TV together?,,,City and Country Life,Learning Objectives,What are the people in the following pictures doing? What kinds of sports do you like best? Match the pictures with the sports in the box.,,Football table tennis fishing cycling board gam

41、es hiking camping snooker skating bowling card games,Where does Zhang Hua live these days? What has made Zhang Hua move to the country? What does Zhang Hua plan to do in the future?,Listen to the dialog and answer the following questions.,【句子】Ive just gotten fed up with the tension of city lif

42、e. 【譯文】我已經(jīng)厭倦了緊張的城市生活。 【難點(diǎn)】be / get fed up with sth. 意思是“受夠了，厭倦了”。例如： He is fed up with the noise and closes the door. 他受夠了那噪聲，關(guān)上了門 【句子】I no longer have to breathe in exhaust fumes. 【譯文】我再也不用吸入那些廢氣了。 【難點(diǎn)】no longer / no more 表示“不再”，與 notany longer / more 意思一樣。例如： He no longer lives here. 他不再住在這里了。也可以說

43、： He doesnt live here any longer.,Language Notes,(not) asas 的用法 There arent as many job vacancies in the country as in the city. 鄉(xiāng)下的空缺職位不如城里多。 not as / so + adj. / adv. +as 的意思是“不如，不像”。例如： This dictionary is not as / so useful as you think. 其肯定式為 asas，意為“和一樣”，表示同級(jí)的比較。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： as+adj. / adv. +

44、as。例如： This film is as interesting as that one. 另外還有一些常見的 asas 句型，但是不表示比較。例如： Please answer my question as soon as possible.,Listen to the dialog and decide whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).,,,,1. The newspaper says we should sort trash. （ ） 2. Many communities

45、have not already done that. （ ） 3. Trash is trash not only when everything is mixed together. （ ） 4. It is high time for us to sort out the trash. （ ） 5. People should be informed about how to do that in the first place. （ ）,【句子】With trash separated, pollution caus

46、ed by incineration can be avoided. 【譯文】如果垃圾被分類，那么焚燒帶來的污染就可以避免。 【難點(diǎn)】句中介詞 with 后跟名詞短語，表示條件。例如： With your permission, sir, Id like to speak. 先生，若您允許，我想發(fā)言。 【句子】Otherwise, few people would bother to do it. 【譯文】否則，很少有人會(huì)費(fèi)力這樣做。 【難點(diǎn)】bother to do sth.意為“費(fèi)力做某事，不嫌麻煩做某事”，常用于否定句中，表示不理會(huì)、嫌麻煩的態(tài)度。例如： He didnt even bo

47、ther to say thank you. 他甚至連說一聲謝謝都不肯。,Language Notes,It is (high) time 的用法 It is high time for us to sort out the trash. 現(xiàn)在正是該將垃圾分類的時(shí)候了。 It is (high) time 意思是“現(xiàn)在正是該的時(shí)候了”，后面可以跟不定式。例如： It is high time for the students to devote more energy to learning technology. It is high time for us to make cha

48、nges in the digital age. 當(dāng) It is (high) time 后面加 that 從句的時(shí)候，要用虛擬語氣，即從句中要用過去時(shí)或“ should+ 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。例如： It is (high) time that we went to bed. It is (high) time that we should tell him the truth.,Incineration（垃圾焚燒） Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion（燃燒） of organ

49、ic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration of waste materials converts（轉(zhuǎn)化） the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. Incinerators reduce the solid mass（質(zhì)量） of the original waste by 80%85% and the volume （體積） (already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95%96%. Incineration should a

50、lso include a materials separation to remove hazardous（危險(xiǎn)的） , bulky or recyclable materials before combustion.,,,,Public Library（公共圖書館） A public library is a library that is accessible by the general public. They are generally supported by taxes (usually local, though any level of government can and

51、 may contribute). They provide basic services without charge and are open to all and every community member can access the collection. Public libraries exist in many countries across the world and are often considered as an essential part of having an educated and literate（有讀寫能力的） population.,The au

52、thor has lived in the countryside for more than a decade, and he / she loves living there. Living in the country is not interesting at all. The author takes a walk or drives along country roads almost every day. People living in the country usually go shopping every Saturday. According to the author

53、, nobody dislikes countryside life.,Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).,Language Notes,【句子】It may be just a get-together on a Saturday at the local farmers market... 【譯文】它或許僅僅是周六當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)里的一次小聚 【難點(diǎn)】句中的 get-together 此處被用作名詞，意思是“聚會(huì)”。類似的如 break-through,

54、動(dòng)詞和名詞均為“突破”之意。。 【句子】This routine will establish a sense of structure and increase feelings of control and safety. 【譯文】這種慣例會(huì)形成一種按部就班的感覺，并增加控制感和安全感。 【難點(diǎn)】a sense of 表示“一種感覺”。例如： a sense of trust 信任感； a sense of humor 幽默感。 feeling of 表示 “的感覺”。例如： A feeling of shame came over her. 她突然感到一陣羞愧。,Translate th

55、e English sentences into Chinese. I usually have no problem filling the two bags I bring with me. Its not art in the state I find it. Through creativity and trial-and-error, it becomes art. The process I go through from the raw materials to a finished piece is not complex at all. I typically do this

56、 for a few days or a week before something “clicks” and I have an idea about what I want to create.,,,【句子】I typically do this for a few days or a week before something “clicks” and I have an idea about what I want to create. 【譯文】這件事我通常會(huì)做上幾天或一周的時(shí)間，直到突然茅塞頓開，我會(huì)弄明白我的創(chuàng)意所在。 【難點(diǎn)】 click 指“使發(fā)出咔噠聲”，也指“點(diǎn)擊（鼠標(biāo)）”

57、，此處意為“突然明白或理解”。例如： I puzzled over it for hours before it finally clicked. 我對(duì)這一問題茫然不解，幾小時(shí)后，終于茅塞頓開。 【句子】Overall, I couldnt be happier. 【譯文】總之，沒有比這更令我高興的了。這里是通過否定比較級(jí)來表示最高級(jí)的含義。 【難點(diǎn)】最常見的例子如： I cant agree more! 我太同意了！,【句子】After that, it is only a matter of realizing my vision. 【譯文】然后，就只剩下去實(shí)現(xiàn)我的想法的事情了。 【難點(diǎn)】

58、a matter of 后加名詞，常表示關(guān)乎，的問題等。例如： Of course this must have priority. Its a matter of life and death. 當(dāng)然，這一點(diǎn)必須要優(yōu)先考慮，這是生死攸關(guān)的問題。 Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to take a chance. 商業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵在于把握時(shí)機(jī)。,The Human Resource Manager Bruce asks you to prepare a memo for him briefing all staff a

59、bout the coming invited speech to be delivered by Dr. Jerry Anderson.,You have been given the following information: The time and the date: 14:0016:00, April 11 The venue: Function Room on Level 3 The invited speaker: Dr. Jerry Anderson The content: sorting trash scientifically The participants: all

60、 staff,,Business Memos（商務(wù)備忘錄） Unlike letters, the external communications of a company, business memos are an internal form of communication and it is standard practice to save them. Their objective is to deliver information or instructions. Their scope should be limited to a single topic so that t

61、he reader will “get the message” quickly and, if necessary, take an action. Confined to（局限于） a single topic, each interoffice, interdepartmental and companywide memo becomes part of the institutional memory of an organization. In short, they speed up the daily business of doing business; they keep

62、people who need to be kept in the know. When a business organization designs an official letterhead it often also designs an official memo sheet, complete with a company logo featured at the top of the page. Besides having a professional look and feel, preprinted memo sheets often provide specializ

63、ed information fields that accommodate specific procedures for expediting（加速） in-house communications.,Workplace Tip,Educational Fairness,Learning Objectives,Talk about the following chart and give your own opinions on the issue of education equality.,Three of the Key Universities in the United Stat

64、es（美國三所名校） Harvard University（哈佛大學(xué)） Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher education in the United States, was established in l636 and named after its first benefactor, John Harvard. Harvard University is known around the world for its outstanding academic achievements. It has produc

65、ed more than 40 Nobel laureates（諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主） . Seven Presidents of the United States graduated from Harvard. Yale University（耶魯大學(xué)） Yale University was founded in 1701 as a college; it is the third oldest institution of higher education in the United States. In 1716, it moved to its permanent location i

66、n New Haven. It was renamed Yale College in 1718 because a wealthy British merchant whose name is Elihu Yale donated generously to the school. In 1887, Yale College became Yale University Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工學(xué)院） Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is an institute well known for its scientific and technological training and research. It was founded in 1861 in Boston and moved to Cambridge in 1916.,Liu Hui interviews Dr. Smith about the issue of educational inequali