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編 號(hào) : ( ) 字 號(hào) 本 科 生 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 題目: 姓名: 學(xué)號(hào): 班級(jí): 二八年六月 基于 PLC 控制的儲(chǔ)煤倉(cāng)升降系統(tǒng) 劉彬 21040208 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 2004-1 班 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū) 學(xué)院 應(yīng)用 專業(yè)年級(jí) 機(jī)自 04-1 學(xué)生姓名 劉彬 任 務(wù) 下 達(dá) 日 期 : 2008 年 1 月 20 日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)日期: 2008 年 3 月 15 日至 2008 年 6 月 10 日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目:基于 PLC 控制的儲(chǔ)煤倉(cāng)升降系統(tǒng) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)專題題目: 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)主要內(nèi)容和要求: 1.內(nèi)容 (1)用途:塊煤防破碎 (2)煤倉(cāng)高度:20m (3)煤最大塊度:200(直徑) (4)皮帶輸煤能力:400Tt 2.要求 (1)自動(dòng)升降緩沖煤倉(cāng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) (2)起重設(shè)備的選擇與設(shè)計(jì)(包括電機(jī)、減速器、卷筒選擇及 相應(yīng)構(gòu)件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)) (3)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 硬件選擇與軟件設(shè)計(jì) (4)傳感器的設(shè)計(jì) 院長(zhǎng)簽字: 指導(dǎo)教師簽字: 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)閱書(shū) 指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)(基礎(chǔ)理論及基本技能的掌握;獨(dú)立解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的 能力;研究?jī)?nèi)容的理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)方法;取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn); 工作態(tài)度及工作量;總體評(píng)價(jià)及建議成績(jī);存在問(wèn)題;是否同意 答辯等): 成 績(jī): 指導(dǎo)教師簽字: 年 月 日 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)閱教師評(píng)閱書(shū) 指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)(基礎(chǔ)理論及基本技能的掌握;獨(dú)立解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的 能力;研究?jī)?nèi)容的理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)方法;取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn); 工作態(tài)度及工作量;總體評(píng)價(jià)及建議成績(jī);存在問(wèn)題;是否同意 答辯等): 成 績(jī): 指導(dǎo)教師簽字: 年 月 日 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)閱教師評(píng)閱書(shū) 指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)(基礎(chǔ)理論及基本技能的掌握;獨(dú)立解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的 能力;研究?jī)?nèi)容的理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)方法;取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn); 工作態(tài)度及工作量;總體評(píng)價(jià)及建議成績(jī);存在問(wèn)題;是否同意 答辯等): 成 績(jī): 指導(dǎo)教師簽字: 年 月 日 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯及綜合成績(jī) 答 辯 情 況 回 答 問(wèn) 題 提 出 問(wèn) 題 正 確 基 本 正 確 有 一 般 性 錯(cuò) 誤 有 原 則 性 錯(cuò) 誤 沒(méi) 有 回 答 答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語(yǔ)及建議成績(jī): 答辯委員會(huì)主任簽字: 年 月 日 學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組綜合評(píng)定成績(jī): 學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組負(fù)責(zé)人: 年 月 日 摘 要 本設(shè)計(jì)是一種煤塊在入倉(cāng)過(guò)程中的防破碎技術(shù),采用煤倉(cāng)內(nèi)設(shè)置升降 緩沖倉(cāng)的方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。利用煤在下落過(guò)程中與相對(duì)較小直徑的緩沖倉(cāng)筒壁 的摩擦減速,延長(zhǎng)下落時(shí)間,達(dá)到減小煤塊在落入倉(cāng)底時(shí)的沖力,減小了 煤塊的破碎率,大大提高了塊煤的入倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)存率。 緩沖倉(cāng)結(jié)構(gòu)由直徑依次增大的七節(jié)可伸縮筒倉(cāng)連接而成,每個(gè)上下筒 倉(cāng)間采用定位板和內(nèi)環(huán)實(shí)現(xiàn)連接功能。內(nèi)環(huán)上開(kāi)有與定位板中線重合、個(gè) 數(shù)相等的槽口,安裝和拆卸時(shí)只要將筒倉(cāng)沿圓周方向旋轉(zhuǎn)相應(yīng)角度即能完 成。即避免了煤塵和細(xì)小顆粒在筒倉(cāng)間伸縮腔內(nèi)的堆積,又便于維修。 緩沖倉(cāng)以防爆型電機(jī)為動(dòng)力,經(jīng)減速器和卷筒、滑輪、導(dǎo)向輪、制動(dòng) 器組成緩沖倉(cāng)的升降提升系統(tǒng)。其中對(duì)筒倉(cāng)位置、煤位的監(jiān)測(cè)采用限位行 程開(kāi)關(guān)和自行設(shè)計(jì)的碰觸點(diǎn)為面的壓力傳感器,利用 S7200PLC 對(duì)筒倉(cāng)位 置、煤位和提升電機(jī)升降系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)控制,控制操作簡(jiǎn)單,運(yùn)行可靠。 在本設(shè)計(jì)中,第一突破是筒倉(cāng)連接定位板的設(shè)計(jì);第二突破是將煤位傳 感器的碰觸點(diǎn)擴(kuò)大到面,增大了接觸面積提高了系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的安全性。 關(guān)鍵詞:防破碎; 緩沖倉(cāng); 結(jié)構(gòu); 提升動(dòng)力系統(tǒng); PLC ABSTRACT This design is one kind of coal briquette in is put in storage in the process against stave technology, uses in the coal bin to establish the fluctuation cushion warehouse the method to realize. With compares minor diameters cushion warehouse tube walls friction deceleration relatively using the coal in the whereabouts process, the extension time of fall, achieves reduces the coal briquette when falls into the bilge the momentum, reduced the coal briquette percentage of damage, enhanced the lump coal to be put in storage the storage rate greatly. The cushion warehouse structure seven expandable silo connections which increases in turn by the diameter becomes, between each high and low silo uses the localization board and the inner rim realizes the connection function. On, so long as the inner rim opens has with locates the board median line superposition, the integer equal notch, time the installment and the disassemblage the silo along the circumference direction revolving corresponding angle namely can complete. Namely has avoided the coal dust and the tiny pellet expands and contracts in the cavity in the silo between the stack, is also advantageous for the service. The cushion warehouse take the explosion-proof machine as a power, after reduction gear and reel, pulley, guide wheel, brake composition cushion warehouse fluctuation lift system. And to the silo position, the coal positions monitor uses the spacing limit switch and independently designs bumps the electronic contact for the surface pressure transmitter, using S7-200PLC to the silo position, the coal position and the promotion electrical machinery jacking system carries on the automatic control, the system operation is simple, the movement is reliable. In this design, the first breakthrough is the silo connection localization board design; The second breakthrough is bumps the coal position sensor the electronic contact to expand the surface, increased the contacted area to enhance the systems operation security. Key word : against stave; cushion warehouse; structure; promotion dynamic system; PLC 目 錄 1 序言 .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 引言 ...............................................................................................................1 1.2 概述 ...............................................................................................................1 2 設(shè)計(jì)方案 .............................................................................................................3 2.1 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) .......................................................................................................3 2.2 設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù) ...................................................................................................3 2.3 防破碎的方法 ...............................................................................................3 3 緩沖倉(cāng)的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................................5 3.1 圓筒的構(gòu)造 ...................................................................................................5 3.2 圓筒設(shè)計(jì)方法 ...............................................................................................7 3.3 圓筒設(shè)計(jì)步驟 ...............................................................................................8 3.4 筒倉(cāng)提升板的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................14 3.5 筒倉(cāng)的定位板設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................15 4 提升部件的設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................16 4.1 鋼絲繩的選擇 .............................................................................................16 4.2 卷筒的選擇 .................................................................................................18 4.2.1 卷筒的技術(shù)要求 ..................................................................................18 4.2.2 卷筒的計(jì)算 ..........................................................................................19 4.3 鋼絲繩的固定 .............................................................................................23 4.3.1 鋼絲繩在卷筒上的固定 ......................................................................23 4.3.2 鋼絲繩在筒倉(cāng)上的連接 ......................................................................25 5 電機(jī)和減速器的選擇 .......................................................................................26 5.1 電機(jī)的選擇要求 .........................................................................................26 5.2 確定電動(dòng)機(jī)的型號(hào) .....................................................................................27 5.3 減速器的選擇 .............................................................................................29 5.3.1 減速比的計(jì)算 .......................................................................................29 5.3.2 減速器的選型 ......................................................................................29 5.3.3 減速器箱體的設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................31 5.3.4 附件設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................32 5.3.5 減速器的潤(rùn)滑與密封 ...........................................................................33 6 滑輪和導(dǎo)向輪的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................34 6.1 滑輪的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................34 6.2 導(dǎo)向輪的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................39 7 軸和聯(lián)軸器的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................40 7.1 軸的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................................40 7.2 聯(lián)軸器的選用 .............................................................................................43 7.3 鍵的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................................45 7.4 軸承的選擇 .................................................................................................47 8 制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................49 8.1 制動(dòng)器的基本要求 .....................................................................................49 8.2 制動(dòng)器的計(jì)算和選型 .................................................................................50 9 電氣控制 ...........................................................................................................52 9.1 傳感器和限位的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................52 9.2 電氣控制過(guò)程 .............................................................................................57 9.2.1 控制流程圖 ...........................................................................................57 9.2.2 可編程序控制器(PLC)的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用 .................................................57 9.2.3 程序設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................60 9.3 PLC 的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................62 9.3.1PLC 的選型 ...........................................................................................62 9.3.2PLC 程序設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................64 9.4 如何提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性 .............................................................................67 10 提升機(jī)及其相關(guān)設(shè)備的安裝與維修保養(yǎng) .....................................................68 總結(jié) .......................................................................................................................73 參考文獻(xiàn) ...............................................................................................................74 翻譯部分 ...............................................................................................................76 致謝 .......................................................................................................................89