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1、淺談人工智能原理及應(yīng)用 　 模式識(shí)別與智能系統(tǒng)　 摘要：人工智能(Artifical Intelligence)是關(guān)于知識(shí)的學(xué)科――怎樣表示知識(shí)以及怎樣獲得知識(shí)并使用知識(shí)的科學(xué)。”而另一個(gè)美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院的溫斯頓教授認(rèn)為：“人工智能就是研究如何使計(jì)算機(jī)去做過去只有人才能做的智能工作?！边@些說法反映了人工智能學(xué)科的基本思想和基本內(nèi)容。即人工智能是研究人類智能活動(dòng)的規(guī)律，構(gòu)造具有一定智能的人工系統(tǒng)，研究如何讓計(jì)算機(jī)去完成以往需要人的智力才能勝任的工作，也就是研究如何應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)的軟硬件來模擬人類某些智能行為的基本理論、方法和技術(shù)。人工智

2、能是當(dāng)前科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展中的一門前沿學(xué)科，是在計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、控制論、信息論、神經(jīng)心理學(xué)、哲學(xué)、語言學(xué)等多種學(xué)科研究的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的，以模擬人類智能、智能行為及其規(guī)律為研究?jī)?nèi)容的一門綜合性邊緣學(xué)科。由于人工智能自出現(xiàn)以來取得的巨大成就及其潛在的廣闊應(yīng)用前景，它又同空間技術(shù)、原子能技術(shù)并稱為20世紀(jì)的三大科學(xué)技術(shù)成就。 　 關(guān)鍵詞：人工智能；計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)；發(fā)展方向?①、人工智能的定義 　人工智能(Artificial Intelligence，AI)，是一門綜合了計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、生理學(xué)、哲學(xué)的交叉學(xué)科?！叭斯ぶ悄堋币辉~最初是在1956年美國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)會(huì)組織的達(dá)特莫斯(Dartmouth)學(xué)會(huì)上提出的。自那以

3、后，研究者們發(fā)展了眾多理論和原理，人工智能的概念也隨之?dāng)U展。由于智能概念的不確定，人工智能的概念一直沒有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。著名的美國(guó)斯坦福大學(xué)人工智能研究中心尼爾遜教授對(duì)人工智能下了這樣一個(gè)定義“人工智能是關(guān)于知識(shí)的學(xué)科——怎樣表示知識(shí)以及怎樣獲得知識(shí)并使用知識(shí)的科學(xué)。”而美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院的溫斯頓教授認(rèn)為“人工智能就是研究如何使計(jì)算機(jī)去做過去只有人才能做的智能工作?！蓖煜嬖凇稄摹叭藱C(jī)大戰(zhàn)”到人機(jī)共生》中這樣定義人工智能：“雖然現(xiàn)在的機(jī)器不能思維也沒有“直覺的方程式”，但可以把人處理問題的方式編入智能程序，是不能思維的機(jī)器也有智能，使機(jī)器能做那些需要人的智能才能做的事，也就是人工智能?！敝T如此類

4、的定義基本都反映了人工智能學(xué)科的基本思想和基本內(nèi)容。即人工智能是研究人類智能活動(dòng)的規(guī)律，構(gòu)造具有一定智能的人工系統(tǒng)，研究如何讓計(jì)算機(jī)去完成以往需要人的智力才能勝任的工作，也就是研究如何應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)的軟硬件來模擬人類某些智能行為的基本理論、方法和技術(shù)。②、人工智能原理1、介紹人工智能的實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)人工智能是實(shí)現(xiàn)具有智能的機(jī)器，尤其是具有智能的計(jì)算機(jī)程序的科學(xué)和工程技術(shù)。人工智能與用計(jì)算機(jī)理解人的智力的目標(biāo)有一些關(guān)系，但它并不一定要使用生物學(xué)上的方法。2、人工智能的原理人工智能的科學(xué)研究要研究人的智慧的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于研究心理學(xué)的原理，更玄是不是，一般人不大會(huì)去做的大部分的人工智能研究集中在后者——工程

5、實(shí)現(xiàn)上，知識(shí)：人的智能活動(dòng)本質(zhì)上就是獲得和運(yùn)用知識(shí)知識(shí)是智能的基礎(chǔ)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)人工智能使機(jī)器具有智能就必須使它具有知識(shí)，表達(dá)：要采用適當(dāng)?shù)氖侄伪磉_(dá)人的知識(shí)然后才能存儲(chǔ)到機(jī)器中去這就是用知識(shí)表達(dá)要解決的問題對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行表達(dá)就是把知識(shí)表示成便于計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)和利用的某種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)表達(dá)方法又稱為知識(shí)表示技術(shù)，其表示形式稱為知識(shí)表示模式。③、人工智能應(yīng)用1、人工智能的應(yīng)用范圍它是研究、開發(fā)用于模擬、延伸和擴(kuò)展人的智能的理論、方法、技術(shù)及應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的一門新的技術(shù)科學(xué)。人工智能是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的一個(gè)分支，它企圖了解智能的實(shí)質(zhì)，并生產(chǎn)出一種新的能以人類智能相似的方式作出反應(yīng)的智能機(jī)器，該領(lǐng)域的研究包括機(jī)器人、語言識(shí)別、圖

6、像識(shí)別、自然語言處理和專家系統(tǒng)等?！叭斯ぶ悄堋币辉~最初是在1956 年Dartmouth學(xué)會(huì)上提出的。從那以后,研究者們發(fā)展了眾多理論和原理,人工智能的概念也隨之?dāng)U展。人工智能是一門極富挑戰(zhàn)性的科學(xué)，從事這項(xiàng)工作的人必須懂得計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí)，心理學(xué)和哲學(xué)。人工智能是包括十分廣泛的科學(xué)，它由不同的領(lǐng)域組成，如機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)，計(jì)算機(jī)視覺等等，總的說來，人工智能研究的一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)是使機(jī)器能夠勝任一些通常需要人類智能才能完成的復(fù)雜工作。但不同的時(shí)代、不同的人對(duì)這種“復(fù)雜工作”的理解是不同的。例如繁重的科學(xué)和工程計(jì)算本來是要人腦來承擔(dān)的，現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)不但能完成這種計(jì)算, 而且能夠比人腦做得更快、更準(zhǔn)確，因之當(dāng)代人已不

7、再把這種計(jì)算看作是“需要人類智能才能完成的復(fù)雜任務(wù)”, 可見復(fù)雜工作的定義是隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步而變化的, 人工智能這門科學(xué)的具體目標(biāo)也自然隨著時(shí)代的變化而發(fā)展。它一方面不斷獲得新的進(jìn)展，一方面又轉(zhuǎn)向更有意義、更加困難的目標(biāo)。目前能夠用來研究人工智能的主要物質(zhì)手段以及能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)人工智能技術(shù)的機(jī)器就是計(jì)算機(jī), 人工智能的發(fā)展歷史是和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)的發(fā)展史聯(lián)系在一起的。除了計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)以外, 人工智能還涉及信息論、控制論、自動(dòng)化、仿生學(xué)、生物學(xué)、心理學(xué)、數(shù)理邏輯、語言學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和哲學(xué)等多門學(xué)科。人工智能學(xué)科研究的主要內(nèi)容包括：知識(shí)表示、自動(dòng)推理和搜索方法、機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和知識(shí)獲取、知識(shí)處理系統(tǒng)、自然語

8、言理解、計(jì)算機(jī)視覺、智能機(jī)器人、自動(dòng)程序設(shè)計(jì)等方面。2、人工智能中的機(jī)器翻譯機(jī)器翻譯是利用計(jì)算機(jī)把一種自然語言轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種自然語言的過程，用以完成這一過程的軟件系統(tǒng)叫做機(jī)器翻譯系統(tǒng)。幾十年來，國(guó)內(nèi)外許多專家、學(xué)者為機(jī)器翻譯的研究付出了大量的心血和汗水。雖然至今還沒有一個(gè)實(shí)用、全面、高質(zhì)量的自動(dòng)翻譯系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)，不過也取得了很大的進(jìn)展，特別是作為人們的輔助翻譯工具，機(jī)器翻譯已經(jīng)得到大多數(shù)人的認(rèn)可。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)的機(jī)器翻譯軟件不下百種，根據(jù)這些軟件的翻譯特點(diǎn)，大致可以分為三大類：詞典翻譯類、漢化翻譯類和專業(yè)翻譯類。詞典類翻譯軟件代表是“金山詞霸”了，堪稱是多快好省的電子詞典，它可以迅速查詢英文單詞或詞組的

9、詞義，并提供單詞的發(fā)音，為用戶了解單詞或詞組含義提供了極大的便利。漢化翻譯軟件的典型代表是“東方快車2000”，它首先提出了“智能漢化”的概念，使翻譯軟件的輔助翻譯作用更加明顯。以“譯星”、“雅信譯霸”為代表的專業(yè)翻譯系統(tǒng)，是面對(duì)專業(yè)或行業(yè)用戶的翻譯軟件，但其專業(yè)翻譯的質(zhì)量與人們的實(shí)用性還有不少差距，有人評(píng)價(jià)說“滿篇英文難不住，滿篇中文看不懂”，該說法雖然比較極端，但機(jī)譯譯文的質(zhì)量確實(shí)卻一直是個(gè)老大難問題。這里，我們不妨對(duì)現(xiàn)有的機(jī)譯和人譯過程作一比較，從中可以看出一些原因。機(jī)器翻譯： 1.一句一句處理，上下文缺乏聯(lián)系； 2.對(duì)源語言的分析只是求解句法關(guān)系，完全不是意義上的理解； 3.缺乏領(lǐng)域

10、知識(shí)，從計(jì)算機(jī)到醫(yī)學(xué)，從化工到法律都通用，就換專業(yè)詞典； 4.譯文轉(zhuǎn)換是基于源語言的句法結(jié)構(gòu)的，受源語言的句法結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛； 5.翻譯只是句法結(jié)構(gòu)的和詞匯的機(jī)械對(duì)應(yīng)。人工翻譯： 1.一般會(huì)先通讀全文，會(huì)前后照應(yīng)； 2.對(duì)源語言是求得意義上的理解； 3.只有專業(yè)翻譯人員，而沒有萬能翻譯人員； 4.譯文是基于他對(duì)源語言的理解，不受源語言的句法結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛； 5.翻譯是一個(gè)再創(chuàng)造的過程。在目前的情況下，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯應(yīng)該是一個(gè)比較好的實(shí)際選擇。事實(shí)上，在很多領(lǐng)域中，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助人類工作的方式已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，例如CAD軟件。如果計(jì)算機(jī)輔助技術(shù)用于語言的翻譯研究，應(yīng)該同樣可以起到很大的輔助作用，這

11、就是所謂的“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯”。它集機(jī)器記憶式翻譯、語法分析式翻譯和人際交互式翻譯為一體，把翻譯過程中機(jī)械、重復(fù)、瑣碎的工作交給計(jì)算機(jī)來完成。這樣，翻譯者只需將精力集中在創(chuàng)造性的思考上，有利于工作效率的提高。機(jī)器翻譯研究歸根結(jié)底是一個(gè)知識(shí)處理問題，它涉及到有關(guān)語言內(nèi)的知識(shí)、語言間的知識(shí)、以及語言外的世界知識(shí)，其中包括常識(shí)和相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專門知識(shí)。隨著因特網(wǎng)的普及與發(fā)展，機(jī)器翻譯的應(yīng)用前景十分廣闊。作為人類探索自己智能和操作知識(shí)的機(jī)制的窗口，機(jī)器翻譯的研究與應(yīng)用將更加誘人。國(guó)際上有關(guān)專家分析認(rèn)為機(jī)器翻譯要想達(dá)到類似人工翻譯一樣的流暢程度，至少還要經(jīng)歷15年時(shí)間的持續(xù)研究，但在人類對(duì)語言研究還沒有清楚“

12、人腦是如何進(jìn)行語言的模糊識(shí)別和判斷”的情況下，機(jī)器翻譯要想達(dá)到100%的準(zhǔn)確率是不可能的。3.3人工智能中的專家系統(tǒng)專家系統(tǒng)是一種模擬人類專家解決領(lǐng)域問題的計(jì)算機(jī)程序系統(tǒng)。專家系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部含有大量的某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家水平的知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)，能夠運(yùn)用人類專家的知識(shí)和解決問題的方法進(jìn)行推理和判斷，模擬人類專家的決策過程，來解決該領(lǐng)域的復(fù)雜問題。專家系統(tǒng)是人工智能應(yīng)用研究最活躍和最廣泛的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域之一,涉及到社會(huì)各個(gè)方面，各種專家系統(tǒng)已遍布各個(gè)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，取得很大的成功。根據(jù)專家系統(tǒng)處理的問題的類型，把專家系統(tǒng)分為解釋型、診斷型、調(diào)試型、維修型、教育型、預(yù)測(cè)型、規(guī)劃型、設(shè)計(jì)型和控制型等10種類型。具體應(yīng)用就很多了，例

13、如血液凝結(jié)疾病診斷系統(tǒng)、電話電纜維護(hù)專家系統(tǒng)、花布圖案設(shè)計(jì)和花布印染專家系統(tǒng)等等。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)專家系統(tǒng)，必須要存儲(chǔ)有該專門領(lǐng)域中經(jīng)過事先總結(jié)、分析并按某種模式表示的專家知識(shí)(組成知識(shí)庫(kù))，以及擁有類似于領(lǐng)域?qū)＜医鉀Q實(shí)際問題的推理機(jī)制(構(gòu)成推理機(jī))。系統(tǒng)能對(duì)輸入信息進(jìn)行處理，并運(yùn)用知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理，做出決策和判斷，其解決問題的水平達(dá)到或接近專家的水平，因此能起到專家或?qū)＜抑值淖饔?。開發(fā)專家系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵是表示和運(yùn)用專家知識(shí)，即來自領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业募罕蛔C明對(duì)解決有關(guān)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的典型問題有用的事實(shí)和過程。目前，專家系統(tǒng)主要采用基于規(guī)則的知識(shí)表示和推理技術(shù)。由于領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)更多是不精確或不確定的，因此，不確定的知識(shí)表示與知

14、識(shí)推理是專家系統(tǒng)開發(fā)與研究的重要課題。此外，專家系統(tǒng)開發(fā)工具的研制發(fā)展也很迅速，這對(duì)擴(kuò)大專家系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用范圍，加快專家系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)過程，將起到積極地促進(jìn)作用。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)技術(shù)整體水平的提高，分布式專家系統(tǒng)、協(xié)同式專家系統(tǒng)等新一代專家系統(tǒng)的研究也發(fā)展很快。在新一代專家系統(tǒng)中，不但采用基于規(guī)則的推理方法，而且采用了諸如人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法與技術(shù)。3.4人工智能模式識(shí)別 模式識(shí)別就是通過計(jì)算機(jī)用數(shù)學(xué)技術(shù)方法來研究模式的自動(dòng)處理和判讀。這里,我們把環(huán)境與客體統(tǒng)稱為“模式”,隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人類有可能研究復(fù)雜的信息處理過程。用計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)模式（文字、聲音、人物、物體等）的自動(dòng)識(shí)別，是開發(fā)智能機(jī)器的一個(gè)最

15、關(guān)鍵的突破口，也為人類認(rèn)識(shí)自身智能提供線索。信息處理過程的一個(gè)重要形式是生命體對(duì)環(huán)境及客體的識(shí)別。對(duì)人類來說，特別重要的是對(duì)光學(xué)信息（通過視覺器官來獲得）和聲學(xué)信息（通過聽覺器官來獲得）的識(shí)別。這是模式識(shí)別的兩個(gè)重要方面。市場(chǎng)上可見到的代表性產(chǎn)品有光學(xué)字符識(shí)別系統(tǒng) (Optical Character Recognition，OCR)、語音識(shí)別系統(tǒng)等。計(jì)算機(jī)識(shí)別的顯著特點(diǎn)是速度快、準(zhǔn)確性和效率高。識(shí)別過程與人類的學(xué)習(xí)過程相似。以“漢字識(shí)別”為例：首先將漢字圖象進(jìn)行處理，抽取主要表達(dá)特征并將其特征與漢字的代碼存在計(jì)算機(jī)中。就象把老師教我們這個(gè)字叫什么、如何寫的知識(shí)記憶在大腦中。這一過程叫做“訓(xùn)練

16、”。識(shí)別過程就是將輸入的漢字圖像經(jīng)處理后與計(jì)算機(jī)中所保存的全部漢字進(jìn)行比較，找出最相近的字作為識(shí)別結(jié)果,這一過程叫做“匹配”。語音識(shí)別就是讓計(jì)算機(jī)能聽懂人說的話，一個(gè)重要的例子就是七國(guó)語言（英、日、意、韓、法、德、中）口語自動(dòng)翻譯系統(tǒng)。其中，中文部分的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)設(shè)立在中國(guó)科學(xué)院自動(dòng)化所的模式識(shí)別國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，這是口語翻譯研究跨入世界領(lǐng)先水平的標(biāo)志。該系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)后，人們出國(guó)預(yù)定旅館、購(gòu)買機(jī)票、在餐館對(duì)話和兌換外幣時(shí)，只要利用電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)和國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，就可用手機(jī)、電話等與“老外”通話。指紋是人體的一個(gè)重要特征，具有唯一性。北京大學(xué)有關(guān)專家對(duì)數(shù)字圖像的離散幾何性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了深入研究，建立了從指紋灰度圖像精確計(jì)

17、算紋線局部方向、進(jìn)而提取指紋特征信息的理論與算法，隨后研究成功了適于民用身份鑒定的全自動(dòng)指紋鑒定系統(tǒng)，以及適于公安刑事偵破的指紋鑒定系統(tǒng)。從而開創(chuàng)了我國(guó)指紋自動(dòng)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的先河。北大指紋自動(dòng)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的推出，使我國(guó)公安干警從指紋查對(duì)的繁重人工處理中解放出來。浙江省從1997年開始使用北大指紋自動(dòng)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)，采取省地（市）二級(jí)建庫(kù)、省地（市）縣三級(jí)查詢的方式，形成了獨(dú)特的“浙江模式”。省公安廳現(xiàn)已建立了100多萬人的指紋庫(kù)，是目前國(guó)內(nèi)的第二大庫(kù)。在100多萬人的指紋庫(kù)中，檢索一枚現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指紋僅需4分鐘左右。2000年浙江省用指紋自動(dòng)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)直接破案3063起，連帶破案12000多起。破案率為全國(guó)第一，

18、并遙遙領(lǐng)先于國(guó)內(nèi)其它指紋識(shí)別系統(tǒng)，被公安部樹為指紋系統(tǒng)建設(shè)應(yīng)用樣板。這里介紹一個(gè)綜合應(yīng)用的例子，一汽集團(tuán)公司與國(guó)防科技大學(xué)最近合作研制成功“紅旗轎車自主駕駛系統(tǒng)”（即無人駕駛系統(tǒng)），它標(biāo)志著我國(guó)研制高速智能汽車的能力已達(dá)到當(dāng)今世界先進(jìn)水平。汽車自主駕駛技術(shù)是集模式識(shí)別、智能控制、計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)和汽車操縱動(dòng)力學(xué)等多門學(xué)科于一體的綜合性技術(shù)，代表著一個(gè)國(guó)家控制技術(shù)的水平。紅旗車自主駕駛系統(tǒng)采用計(jì)算機(jī)視覺導(dǎo)航方式，并采用仿人控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)紅旗車的操縱控制。首先，攝像機(jī)將車前方的道路和車輛行駛情況輸入到圖像處理和圖像識(shí)別系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)識(shí)別出道路狀況、前方車輛的相對(duì)距離和相對(duì)車速。接著，路徑規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)根據(jù)這些信息

19、規(guī)劃出一條合適路徑，即決定如何開車。然后，路徑跟蹤系統(tǒng)根據(jù)需跟蹤的路徑，結(jié)合車輛行駛狀態(tài)參數(shù)和車輛駕駛動(dòng)力學(xué)約束，形成控制命令，控制方向盤和油門開啟機(jī)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)動(dòng)作，使汽車按照規(guī)劃好的路徑前進(jìn)，即按自主駕駛系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃路徑前進(jìn)。 　festival, summer food, children food special rectification, everywhere selling counterfeit and shoddy food and other illegal behavior severely, seized substandard food 400 kilograms, 1

20、000 bottles of wine, false Right more than 8000 boxes, packing boxes of 15000 people, to ensure that the masses of consumer safety.To investigate and deal with commercial bribery, pyramid schemes, trademark infringement, false advertising and other illegal casesThis year, the County Bureau continue

21、to control commercial bribery, blow from MLM, trademark infringement and false advertising as a priority among priorities of work. In the summary node basis last year working experience in commercial bribery governance experience, actively learn foreign advanced experience first, not related to the

22、analysis of field research, how to expand the area of governance the domain problem, the management of commercial bribery work continuously to the breadth and depth of development. This year in March, the county bureau successfully dealt with a real estate service company limited commercial bribery

23、bribery case, involving the value of 100 thousand yuan, and according to the order to stop the illegal act of the administrative punishment, fines at 70 thousand yuan; continue to fight pass The pin high pressure situation, actively create no MLM marketing community activities, focus on the pull the

24、 head team payment, charge entry fees and the door to provide convenient conditions such as illegal acts as a pyramid scheme. In January this year, 9 day, County Bureau jointly with the public security departments in the daily check at a temple mall, pyramid Gang, captured the scene the marketing st

25、aff of 55, and 16 people were in administrative detention, 2 people were detained, other personnel by education and repatriation; Yantai Tianma Industry Development Co. Ltd. XX Branch to provide training places for the marketing case, according to law, make the order to stop illegal activities, conf

26、iscate the illegal income 1162 yuan, and fined A $150 thousand administrative penalty;; at the same time focusing on trademark, advertising against illegal cases, shall be ordered to stop the illegal advertisements released 50, deadline for whole reform 58, investigated 112 cases of trademark, adver

27、tising case 21.Xxx every year, the global total for all kinds of economic illegal 403 cases, one case. The simple procedure of 26 pieces, 377 pieces of the case, the general procedure, penalty fines totaling 139,85 million yuan.Clear the focus of work, to increase the importance of market supervisio

28、nCounty Bureau of the avian bird meat, grain, oil, real estate, automobile transportation, tobacco, Internet cafes and other advertisements as the focus of supervision, strengthen the daily inspections. The positive pole to carry out poultry meat market inspection, processing and sales of dead chick

29、en Association banned dens in one place, destroyed more than 100 dead chickens, disease disease of pigs, sheep and other livestock, more than 10, and the burning of landfill disposal, maintenance support bird meat market and to increase grain consumption safety; market supervision, thorough investig

30、ation of the subject qualification check management, food for 44 cases, 100 cases of cotton, according to 221 households received for the acquisition of cotton merchants flow for the business according to the license The quality of the refined oil market; the county into a sample test, found and dis

31、posal of substandard oil in 3 batches, investigated 4 cases of illegal everywhere, fines of nearly 110 thousand yuan; the national real estate market rank order rectification as an opportunity to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the county real estate enterprises, for investigation of illegal c

32、ases in 3, the penalty of a fine of 30 thousand yuan; increase of automobile transportation transportation market supervision and inspection of transport vehicles, vehicles more than 1000 vehicles, dealt with unlicensed business 116, banned inconsistent with the operating conditions of the 19 househ

33、olds, 3360 households for the camp industry transport business license; increase market supervision and supervision of tobacco, and smoke The grass line sector joint law enforcement, law enforcement officers dispatched 1800 passengers, check the business more than 400 households, a fine of more than

34、 3 yuan, to maintain the tobacco market order; increase rectification of Internet cafes, many of the countys 355 Internet cafes concentrated cleaning, check the thorough investigation of Internet business qualification, and resolutely ban black Internet bar. On 7 of the existence of violations in th

35、e Internet according to the law of the processing; intensify supervision of the advertising market in the field of college entrance examination enrollment, examination and enrollment of senior high school entrance examination, some units issued cloth advertisements were examined, a total enrollment

36、of more than 20 units of inspection, the law enforcement officers dispatched 120 passengers Vivian, support the enrollment advertising market order.Three, to strengthen the learning and education, enhance the quality of the team, and constantly improve the scientific development, building a harmonio

37、us society and the ability and levelContinue to deepen the business culture construction, and constantly improve the ideological and moral qualities of all the comrades and political theory quality. To building a harmonious business, show a good image in theme activities and all the minds discuss ev

38、ents deed opportunity, organize all the comrades through the Internet network, group discussion, speech, reading and learning files other forms of serious study and spirit, an important speech on the main theme of the Councils leadership activities of the municipal, county leaders important speech a

39、bout emancipating the mind to discuss, especially is held in the partys Party Congress since the opening, the County Bureau of Party Congress spirit of learning as the current The primary political task, and combining with the actual work, adhere to learn while investigation and change, for the peop

40、le, first, responsibility, dedication and their cultural connotation is gradually internalized of conscious action for all the comrades, with Comrades ideological and political quality is obviously enhanced; further deepen the business culture the construction, in an effort to work and into a lot of

41、 work reflect the effect of Kung Fu, divided into business culture construction, into the starting chapter, article and chapter four chapter has held a business culture exhibition XX County Industrial and Commercial Bureau, held the theme for the title to emancipate the mind and eight honors and 88

42、Disgraces The July 1 Qing mission and age peer lecture, are subject to the superior leadership praise. In addition, but also through discussion, warning education, honest talk and reading the books, etc., vigorously carry out anti-corruption education, and further improve all comrades low awareness

43、of self-discipline.Continue to deepen the post training, improve the quality of the business with the comrades and the ability to work. In this year the County Bureau constantly enrich the training content, innovative training methods, combined with the team quality status is formulated with a speci

44、fic learning training plan, implementation of the two two two learning system system, daily two, two monthly, monthly, quarterly, the take training courses, to be acting training, special lectures, case by case, typical case analysis form, laws and regulations to carry out knowledge learning; two is

45、 to establish and push the promotion of the system questions take the way of questioning before. Before the examination about the participants Learning staff in the period, the content relates to the County Bureau of industrial and commercial integrity culture construction, the content of current po

46、litical and common laws and regulations, greatly improving the learning consciousness of gay volunteers; each comrades every day, namely people ask ask each day the task is completed, the day to learn what the laws and regulations, and found the deficiency of yesterday is whether correct today, thro

47、ugh the question and find the gap distance, make up for deficiencies, improve their own quality; the three is to explore the promotion of the interactive training method, prior to collect problems, prepare materials, take the form of lectures answer to pass the problem after, not only make the train

48、ing More than the name? If pregnant no matter one of Yu aunt sent long cut target has been difficult for 8 yuan Huan Mei Si Xiang Fan is still a ape Nai Cup? 4 comrades generation team to participate in the citys industrial and commercial legal system for post training contest, won the citys industr

49、ial and commercial system the legal job training wins collective honorary title, the former Red Tian Yuan, Wang Lijun two comrades were named for the citys industrial and commercial system of legal skill can model.The new move again in the style construction. Establish style is the image of the conc

50、ept of two all earnestly implement the ban and the general secretary Hu Jintao put forward the eight aspects of the good atmosphere. This year county bureau to strengthen the prone position and link to ask questions of thorough investigation visit, especially whether the contract change, contract an

51、d market custody disguised as a key phenomenon, on the behavior of the grass-roots work into standard; in August through the xxx state XX , e-government network and other new media, for administrative approval, administrative enforcement, administrative fees and service window key services, released

52、 to the community of cloth public undertaking make The eight key commitments, accept the community supervision and supervision; the sunshine supervision Kaka Printed Access , and sunshine supervision fee cards sunshine law enforcement supervision card, will review the examination and approval pro

53、cedures, fees and law enforcement requirements were shown in three publicity card, ask the staff in the process of entry into the procedures collect relevant fees, and to carry out law enforcement supervision to the exhibition service issued, earnestly solicit their views and suggestions, accept the

54、ir supervision. In addition, through visiting survey operators, solicit opinions and sign morals supervisors opened for morals hotline, accept supervision from the society from all walks of life, effectively regulate the fan The law enforcement behavior, prevent the illegal violation of discipline,

55、promote the style construction, establish a good image.Four, construction and harmonious industry and commerce, show a good image, efforts to create a working environment within and outside the smoothActively carry out publicity, establish a good image.Since the beginning of this year, the County Bu

56、reau of publicity as the key point to work, on the basis of the original information publicity work system, again revised the manuscript business information reward standard increase of excitation, the national, provincial and municipal media published articles, the incentives, and further stimulat

57、e the positive and the initiative of communication reporters. Reporters working closely around the County Bureau Center, actively capture service to develop new measures and supervision of law enforcement in the new experience, through xx, daily XXX, e-government, electronic system and xx OAs new me

58、dia business at all levels to actively promote business Work, let the leadership know that social understanding, and establish a good image, to optimize the executive law enforcement environment. As of December 16 day, group communication reports issued a total of business information manuscripts 6

59、55, national media published articles 10; provincial media published articles 49; municipal media published articles 342 the county level, the media published manuscripts 254.Duocuobingju, step by step, solid has developed building a harmonious business, show a good image in theme activities.County

60、Bureau to carry out the theme activities as an effective means of creating within and outside the work environment, the layers of member held a mobilization meeting, to strengthen the organization and leadership system, to develop the implementation plan, divided into administrative licensing, marke

61、t supervision and administrative law enforcement, dry personnel management and comprehensive service of all 5 thematic groups, in-depth study and discussion, revealing problems seriously, centralized rectification. At the same time also increased the power of supervision and inspection efforts, thro

62、ugh regular meetings, scheduling, on-site inspection, listening to the reports and check related data, timely solve each stage activities. In addition, the county bureau is also based on the actual work, and with the development of the county Speed up the construction of strong city city, how do we

63、emancipates the mind big discussion activities combined, put out 120 questionnaires and writing research on Article 43, the consultation opinions issued more than 300 copies of the book has three times all the comrades were organized into a hierarchical topic, to develop a corrective reform program

64、and rectification measures in the state of xxx daily, XX television and other news media for the publicity, accept social supervision from all walks of life. At the same time, County Council will also some effective measures such as: only business within specified time, interactive training system,

65、hierarchical work summary and the administrative guidance system And so on to the form of the system fixed down, it has effectively promoted the development of the theme of the year.Comprehensively promote the administration according to law, and strive to build a legal business.Firmly establish the

66、 legal system is the industry and commerce administration work lifeline concept, the implementation of grassroots legal personnel, County Bureau of legal institutions and leaders in charge of 33 grade examination system, explore the establishment of the administrative punishment case filing, investigation, closed three node stage respectively, the new legal supervision mode of comprehensive control the product; actively promote the case, the three systems of reasonable discretion and administrat