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摘 要 自 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代中期以來，快速成型技術(shù)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用越來越廣 泛和深入， 光固化成型機(jī)的需求也越來越大。由此，本論文針對 cps250 型激光 快速成型機(jī)的 機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)，包括：1、X-Y 掃描機(jī)構(gòu)；2、Z 軸升降機(jī)構(gòu)； 3、刮刀機(jī)構(gòu)， 并且對其中的部分結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。X-Y 方向的平面掃描運(yùn)動和 刮刀的水平運(yùn)動由 原來的精密同步帶傳動改成精密滾珠絲杠傳動，使其在行程 較長時不出現(xiàn)抖動，有 利于保證掃描精度，運(yùn)動穩(wěn)定。采用直線步進(jìn)電機(jī)直接 連接滾珠絲杠，響應(yīng)更加快 速準(zhǔn)確，同時因無中間部件，使機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)簡單化， 精度較高。 通過對立體激光快速成型機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，使得其運(yùn)動和傳動更加合理 和平 穩(wěn)，進(jìn)而使其在生產(chǎn)過程中能夠更好的進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。 關(guān)鍵詞：快速成型機(jī)；掃描機(jī)構(gòu)；快速成型；傳動；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) I ABSTRACT This article specifically for three-dimensional modeling of light-cured structural design of mechanical systems. X-Y scanning normally used to screw drive. Through the motor rotation, with another even reached the screw shaft, through to the X and Y to the two motors of rotation to achieve XY to scan; Z to the table, also by the screw and a rail. Z to the table by the extension units, columns, screw composition, its transmission is through the same motor rotation axis is to pass even reached the screw by screw to achieve the rotation of the table move up or down. Through the three-dimensional modeling of light-cured in the design and mechanical systems, making their campaigns and drive more reasonable and stable, then in the production process so that it can better carry out production. Key word: SLA；Scanning agencies ；Rapid Prototyping；Transmission；Structure design 2 目 錄 摘 要 .............................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................II 第 1 章 緒 論 .................................................................................................1 1.1 快速原型技術(shù)簡介 ....................................................................................................1 1.1.1 RPM 的基本構(gòu)思 ..........................................................................................1 1.1.2 幾種典型的快速成型技術(shù) ............................................................................2 1.1.3 各種成型方法簡介及對比 .............................................................................3 1.2 快速成型精度概述 ....................................................................................................3 1.3 快速成型機(jī) SLA 技術(shù)原理 ......................................................................................5 1.4 快速成型機(jī) SLA 國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有技術(shù)水平 ..................................................................6 1.5 快速成型機(jī) SLA 應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ......................................................................................6 1.6 本次設(shè)計(jì)的主要工作 ...............................................................................................7 1.6.1 主要設(shè)計(jì)工作 ................................................................................................7 1.6.2 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) ........................................................................................................7 1.6.3 設(shè)計(jì)思路及主要問題 ....................................................................................7 第 2 章 XY 方向設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ................................................................................9 2.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) ....................................................................................................................9 2.1.1 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) ........................................................................................................9 2.1.2 方案的分析、比較、論證 ............................................................................9 2.2 脈沖當(dāng)量和傳動比的確定 .....................................................................................10 2.2.1 脈沖當(dāng)量的確定 ..........................................................................................10 2.2.2 傳動比的確定 ..............................................................................................10 2.2.3 確定步進(jìn)電機(jī)步距角 ..................................................................................10 2.3 絲杠的選型及計(jì)算 .................................................................................................11 2.3.1 計(jì)算絲杠受力 ..............................................................................................11 2.3.2 滾珠絲杠螺母副的選型和校核 ..................................................................11 2.4 導(dǎo)軌的選型及計(jì)算 .................................................................................................15 2.4.1 初選導(dǎo)軌型號 ..............................................................................................15 2.4.2 計(jì)算滾動導(dǎo)軌副的距離額定壽命 ..........................................................16L 3 2.5 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇 .....................................................................................................16 2.5.1 傳動系統(tǒng)等效轉(zhuǎn)動慣量計(jì)算 ......................................................................17 2.5.2 所需轉(zhuǎn)動力矩計(jì)算 ......................................................................................18 2.6 本章小結(jié) .................................................................................................................21 第 3 章 Z 方向設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .................................................................................22 3.1 Z 方向工作臺設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................22 3.1.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) .......................................................................................................22 3.1.2 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) ......................................................................................................22 3.1.3 方案的分析、比較、論證 ..........................................................................22 3.2 脈沖當(dāng)量和傳動比的確定 .....................................................................................23 3.2.1 脈沖當(dāng)量的確定 ..........................................................................................23 3.2.2 傳動比的確定 ..............................................................................................23 3.2.3 確定步進(jìn)電機(jī)步距角 ..................................................................................23 3.3 絲杠的選型及計(jì)算 .................................................................................................24 3.3.1 計(jì)算絲杠受力 ..............................................................................................24 3.3.2 滾珠絲杠螺母副的選型和校核 ..................................................................24 3.4 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇 .....................................................................................................28 3.4.1 傳動系統(tǒng)等效轉(zhuǎn)動慣量計(jì)算 ......................................................................28 3.4.2 所需轉(zhuǎn)動力矩計(jì)算 ......................................................................................29 3.5 本章小結(jié) ..................................................................................................................31 第 4 章 刮刀系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................32 4.1 刮板的選擇 .............................................................................................................32 4.2 刮板的材料和移動速度對涂層質(zhì)量的影響 .........................................................33 4.3 本章小結(jié) .................................................................................................................34 第 5 章 PLC 控制系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................35 5.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的簡介 ......................................................................................................35 5.2 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工作原理及特性 ..................................................................................35 5.3 PLC 簡單介紹 ..........................................................................................................35 5.3.1 為大量實(shí)際應(yīng)用而開發(fā)的特殊功能 ...........................................................35 5.3.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)和數(shù)據(jù)通信 ...........................................................................................35 5.3.3 其它功能 .......................................................................................................36 4 5.4 控制原則 .................................................................................................................36 5.5 控制方法 ..................................................................................................................36 5.5.1 行程控制 ......................................................................................................36 5.5.2 進(jìn)給速度控制 ..............................................................................................37 5.5.3 進(jìn)給方向控制 ..............................................................................................37 5.6 本章小結(jié) .................................................................................................................37 結(jié) 論 ...............................................................................................................38 參考文獻(xiàn) ...........................................................................................................39 致 謝 ...............................................................................................................41