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摘 要
連桿是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中的高精度的精密零件,對(duì)強(qiáng)度有較高的要求,是汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中重要的部件之一,被稱(chēng)為“保安件”,其質(zhì)量直接影響到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)乃至整輛汽車(chē)的安全使用和行駛。連桿的品質(zhì)直接關(guān)系到其力體部分的截面多為圓形或工字形,兩端有孔,孔內(nèi)裝有青銅襯套或滾針軸承,供裝入軸銷(xiāo)而學(xué)性能及使用壽命,鍛造連桿具有力學(xué)性能優(yōu)良、易于加工、表面質(zhì)量好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),而且生產(chǎn)周期短,生產(chǎn)工藝穩(wěn)定。
連桿機(jī)構(gòu)中兩端分別與主動(dòng)和從動(dòng)構(gòu)件鉸接以傳遞運(yùn)動(dòng)和力的桿件。例如在往復(fù)活塞式動(dòng)力機(jī)械和壓縮機(jī)中,用連桿來(lái)連接活塞與曲柄。連桿多為鋼件,其主構(gòu)成鉸接。連桿是汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中的重要零件,它連接著活塞和曲軸,其作用是將活塞的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榍S的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng),并把作用在活塞上的力傳給曲軸以輸出功率。連桿在工作中,除承受燃燒室燃?xì)猱a(chǎn)生的壓力外,還要承受縱向和橫向的慣性力。因此,連桿在一個(gè)復(fù)雜的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下工作。它既受、交變的拉壓應(yīng)力、又受彎曲應(yīng)力。?連桿的主要損壞形式是疲勞斷裂和過(guò)量變形。通常疲勞斷裂的部位是在連桿上的三個(gè)高應(yīng)力區(qū)域。連桿的工作條件要求連桿具有較高的強(qiáng)度和抗疲勞性能;又要求具有足夠的鋼性和韌性。連桿材料一般采用45鋼、40Cr或40MnB等調(diào)質(zhì)鋼。合金鋼雖具有很高強(qiáng)度,擔(dān)對(duì)應(yīng)力集中很敏感。所以,在連桿外形、過(guò)度圓角等方面需嚴(yán)格要求,還應(yīng)注意表面加工質(zhì)量以提高疲勞強(qiáng)度,否則高強(qiáng)度合金鋼的應(yīng)用并不能達(dá)到預(yù)期果。
連桿的生產(chǎn)方式多種多樣,常見(jiàn)的為一模一件。而對(duì)于一模兩件多為采用對(duì)排。本文較為系統(tǒng)地闡述了汽車(chē)連桿并排式雙件鍛造的工藝及模具的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程,并對(duì)模具進(jìn)行了造型。
關(guān)鍵字:模具 開(kāi)式模鍛 閉式模鍛 飛邊槽
Abstract
Linkage is the engine of high-precision precision components, the strength of higher demand, a car engine in one of the important parts, known as the "security case", its direct impact on the quality of motor vehicles and the security of the whole Use and traffic. Link directly related to the quality of its cross-section of part of the round or more for the shape, at both ends of a hole, the hole with bronze bushings or needle roller bearings for axle load and sales of property and life, forging Linkage with good mechanical properties and easy processing, the advantages of good quality surface, and the short production cycle, the production process stability.
Linkage with the two ends of the active and passive components hinged to convey movement and of the bar. For example, in Reciprocating power machinery and compressors, with link to connect the Pistons and crank. Link for more steel parts, which constitute the main hinged. Linkage is important in the automobile engine parts, it connects with the Pistons and the crankshaft, the Pistons will play the role of the reciprocating movement into the rotating crankshaft, and the role of the Detroit Pistons passed on the crank to power output. Link in their work, in addition to the gas chamber under pressure, we must also bear the vertical and horizontal inertial force. Therefore, the link in a complex work under stress. It subject, alternating the tension and compression stress, the bending stress. Linkage is the main form of damage and excessive fatigue fracture deformation. Fatigue fracture is usually the site of the linkage of the three high stress on the region. Linkage of the terms and conditions of the link with high intensity and anti-fatigue properties and require adequate steel and toughness. Linkage of the general use of 45 steel, 40 Cr or 40 MnB, such as quenched and tempered steel. Although the strength of high-alloy steel, Tam is very sensitive to stress concentration. Therefore, the link shape, fillet over the areas to be strict requirements, attention should be paid to the surface processing to enhance the quality of fatigue, or the application of high-strength alloy steel and can not achieve the desired fruit.
Linkage of production varied, the common mode for a one. For more than two-one for the introduction of the row. This article is more systematically on the car side-by-side double-linkage of the forging process and die design process, a mold and shape
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