喜歡這套資料就充值下載吧。。。資源目錄里展示的都可在線預(yù)覽哦。。。下載后都有，，請放心下載，，文件全都包含在內(nèi)，，【有疑問咨詢QQ:1064457796 或 1304139763】

畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）中期報告 題目： 固定器底座塑料模具設(shè)計 系 別 機電信息系 專 業(yè) 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 班 級 姓 名 學(xué) 號 導(dǎo) 師 2013年3 月20日 1. 設(shè)計（論文）進展狀況 （1） 前期主要完成了一份外文翻譯，通過對零件形狀尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，畫出零件三維圖和平面圖，（如：圖1、圖2）并標明相關(guān)的尺寸。 圖1 圖2 （2） 由計算選出注射機的型號為XS-Z-30，并校核型腔數(shù)量并確定一模四腔符合。如：圖3 圖3 （3） 完成主流道的計算及設(shè)計，初步確定定、動模板的型及尺寸（手寫未歸為電子檔）。 （4） 分流道的設(shè)計及計算，初步確定大致尺寸，分析了分型面的設(shè)計存在問題及解決措施。 （5） 目前已畫出部分裝配草圖。如：圖4 圖4 （6）現(xiàn)在主要是部分零件的尺寸和裝配圖的完善，各種配合形式需要驗證和修改，裝配圖和零件圖上的錯誤要通過導(dǎo)師的糾正不斷趨于完善，在工藝孔的問題上我還需要查閱更多的資料，來驗證在實踐中能正常工作，我的設(shè)計的難點就在于抽芯機構(gòu)和工藝孔的設(shè)計，所以現(xiàn)在只能大概先確定一個方案，要通過后面大量的計算來驗證現(xiàn)在的方案。 2. 后期工作安排 1、接下來將用兩周左右的時間對成型零件的設(shè)計計算徹底完成。并選擇好模架，設(shè)計好推出機構(gòu)。 3、用兩周時間繪制模具各主要零部件的零件圖及總體裝配圖。 4、用兩周時間用Pro.E繪圖軟件對主要零部件進行三維建模，繪制出爆炸圖。 5、用兩周時間整理相關(guān)資料，撰寫畢業(yè)論文，準備畢業(yè)答辯。 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 3 題目：固定器底座塑料模具設(shè)計 系 別： 機電信息系 專 業(yè)：機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 班 級： 學(xué) 生： 學(xué) 號： 指導(dǎo)教師： 2013年05月 48 固定器底座塑料模具設(shè)計 摘要 本文講述了固定器底座塑料模具設(shè)計，主要內(nèi)容包括制品材料的選擇及材料性能的分析、注射機的選用、模具結(jié)構(gòu)選擇、澆注系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、成型零件的設(shè)計、合模導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)的設(shè)計、冷卻系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、推出機構(gòu)的設(shè)計以及部分零件的制造工藝分析和經(jīng)濟性分析及環(huán)保分析等。設(shè)計過程中運用到了Pro/Engineer、AutoCAD等一些常用的CAD技術(shù),另外還涉及到Photoshop的應(yīng)用。其與傳統(tǒng)的模具設(shè)計相比，在很多方面都具有相當大的優(yōu)越性。本設(shè)計旨在熟悉和鞏固模具設(shè)計過程。 塑料注射模具是成型塑料的一種重要工藝裝備，通過對固定器底座模具設(shè)計,能夠全面的了解塑料模具設(shè)計的基本原則、方法。并能較為熟練的使用Pro/Engineer、AutoCAD等軟件進行塑料模具設(shè)計,提高自己的繪圖能力,能為今后從事設(shè)計工作打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。 關(guān)鍵詞：注塑模；工藝分析；澆注系統(tǒng) Fixing device mold design Abstract This paper describes the fixing device mold design, the main contents include the selection of product material and its property analysis, the selection of injection machine, mold structure, design of gating system, the design of molding parts, mold closing mechanism design, cooling system design, introduced the design of institutions as well as parts of the manufacturing process analysis and the economic analysis and environmental analysis. The design process is applied to the Pro/Engineer, AutoCAD and some other commonly used CAD technology, moreover also relates to the application of Photoshop. With the traditional mold design, in many aspects has great superiority. In a mold design is the difficulty of design process hole. Is the use of the plastic parts of the design to replace the side core pulling, replace sb. This design is for the purpose of understanding and consolidate the mould design process. Injection mould for plastic molding plastics is an important process equipment, based on the fixing device mold design, can fully understand the plastic mold design basic principle, method of. And more skilled use of Pro/Engineer, AutoCAD software for plastic mold design, to improve their drawing skills, to engage in design work and lay a solid foundation. Key Words: plastic injection mould; Process analysis; gating system 目 錄 1 緒論 1 1.1 題目背景 1 1.2 國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究情況 1 1.3 中國與國外先進技術(shù)的差距 2 1.4 塑料模具發(fā)展走勢 2 2 塑件材料分析與方案論證 4 2.1 塑件的工藝分析 4 2.1.1 塑件的材料 4 2.1.2 ABS的成型工藝特性與性能 4 2.1.3 塑件的工藝性分析 4 2.1.4 苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯腈（ABS）的注射成型工藝參數(shù) 5 2.2 塑件的成型工藝 6 2.2.1 注射成型的原理 6 2.2.2 注射成型的工藝過程 7 2.3 注塑模的機構(gòu)組成 8 2.4 方案論證 9 3 注射機的選擇 11 3.1 塑件收縮率與模具尺寸的關(guān)系 11 3.2 確定零件的體積 11 3.3 選擇注射機及注射機的主要參數(shù) 11 3.3.1 注射機的類型 11 3.3.2 注射機的主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 13 3.3.3 注射機的校核 13 4 模具結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計 15 4.1 澆注系統(tǒng) 15 4.1.1 澆注系統(tǒng)的作用 15 4.1.2 澆注系統(tǒng)布置 15 4.2 流道系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 15 4.2.1 澆口套的設(shè)計 15 4.2.2 冷料井設(shè)計 17 4.2.3 分流道設(shè)計 17 4.3 澆口設(shè)計 18 4.3.1 澆口的類型 18 4.3.2 澆口的位置 18 5 成型零件設(shè)計 20 5.1 分型面的設(shè)計 20 5.2 成型零件應(yīng)具備的性能 20 5.3 成型零件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 21 5.3.1 凹模（型腔）結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 21 5.3.2 型芯的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 21 5.4 成型零件工作尺寸計算 22 5.4.1 影響塑件尺寸和精度的因素 22 5.4.2 成型零件工作尺寸的計算 23 5.4.3 模具型腔側(cè)壁和底板厚度的計算 25 6 導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)的設(shè)計 27 6.1 導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)的作用 27 6.2 導(dǎo)柱導(dǎo)向機構(gòu) 27 6.2.1 導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)的總體設(shè)計 27 6.2.2 導(dǎo)柱的設(shè)計 28 6.2.3 導(dǎo)套的設(shè)計 28 7 脫模機構(gòu)的設(shè)計 29 7.1 脫模機構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)組成 29 7.1.1 脫模機構(gòu)的設(shè)計原則 29 7.1.2 脫模機構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu) 29 7.1.3 脫模機構(gòu)的分類 29 7.2 脫模力的計算 30 7.3 簡單脫模機構(gòu) 30 7.3.1 推件板脫模機構(gòu)的設(shè)計要點 30 7.4 復(fù)位裝置 32 8 側(cè)向分型與抽芯機構(gòu)設(shè)計 33 8.1 側(cè)向分型與抽芯機構(gòu)的分類 33 8.2 斜滑塊側(cè)向分型與抽芯機構(gòu) 33 8.2.1 斜滑塊側(cè)向分型與抽芯機構(gòu)設(shè)計要點 33 8.2.2 斜滑塊側(cè)向分型與抽芯機構(gòu)的工作原理及其類型 33 8.3 斜導(dǎo)柱的計算 34 8.3.1 拔模力的計算 34 8.3.2 抽芯距的計算 34 8.4 斜滑塊的設(shè)計 35 9 排氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 36 10 溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 37 10.1 溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的作用 37 10.1.1 溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的要求 37 10.1.2 溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)對塑件質(zhì)量的影響 37 10.2 冷卻系統(tǒng)的機構(gòu) 38 10.2.1 模具冷卻系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計原則 38 10.2.2 模具冷卻系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) 38 11 塑料模具用鋼 40 11.1 注塑模材料應(yīng)具備的要求 40 11.2 模具材料選用的一般原則 40 11.3 本模具所選鋼材及熱處理 40 12 模具工作過程 42 13 模具可行性分析 43 13.1 本模具的特點 43 13.2 市場效益及經(jīng)濟效益分析 43 14 總結(jié) 44 致謝 45 參考文獻 46 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）知識產(chǎn)權(quán)聲明 48 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）獨創(chuàng)性聲明 49 6 1 緒論 1.1題目背景 塑料注射模具是成型塑料制件的一種重要工藝裝備，在塑料制品的生產(chǎn)中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。塑料模具工業(yè)從起步到現(xiàn)在，歷經(jīng)半個世紀，有了很大發(fā)展，模具水平有了較大提高。在成型工藝方面，多材質(zhì)塑料成型模、高效多色注射模、鑲件互換結(jié)構(gòu)和抽芯脫模機構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計方面也取得較大進展。氣體輔助注射成型技術(shù)的使用更趨成熟，如青島海信模具有限公司、天津通信廣播公司模具廠家在29—34英寸電視機外殼以及一些厚壁零件的模具上運用氣輔技術(shù)，一些廠家還使用了C-MOLD氣輔軟件，取得較好的效果。如上海新普雷斯等公司就能為用戶提供氣輔成型設(shè)備及技術(shù)。在制造技術(shù)方面，CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)的應(yīng)用水平上了一個新臺階，以生產(chǎn)家用電器的企業(yè)為代表，陸續(xù)引進了相當數(shù)量的CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)。如美國EDS的UGⅡ、美國Parametric Technology公司的Pro/Engineer、美國CV公司的CADS5、美國Delta cam公司的CADS5、美國Delta cam公司的Doct5、日本HZS公司的 CRADE、以色列公司的Cimatron、美國AC-Tech等[1]。 整體來看，中國塑料模具無論是在數(shù)量上，還是質(zhì)量、技術(shù)和能力等方面都有了很大的進步，但與國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需求、世界先進水平相比，差距任然很大。一些大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長壽命的中高檔塑料模具每年仍需大量進口。在總量供不應(yīng)求的同時，一些低擋塑料模具卻供過于求，市場競爭激烈，還有一些技術(shù)含量不太高的中高檔塑料模具也有供過于求的趨勢[2]。 Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2001) 17:453–461 2001 Springer-Verlag London Limited Three-Dimensional Kernel Development for Injection Mould Design T. L. Neo and K. S. Lee Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore Today, many software “plug-ins” have been developed on high-level 3D modelling platforms to facilitate processes such as FEM analysis, CAM, injection mould design, simulation and visualisation. Such an arrangement is advantageous in many ways. However, it is not without shortcomings. Ideally, these “plug-ins” could also be developed using low-level 3D kernels for higher flexibility and better portability. This paper examines the various issues and methodologies related to the development of such 3D-based applications. The emphasis is placed on the software aspect. First, a methodology for the development of 3D-based applications is proposed. The idea is then implemented by developing an injection mould design application using a low-level 3D kernel called Parasolid. Based on design concepts used in an established mould design application, IMOLD, the development of a mould base design module is illustrated. An object-oriented programming language has been chosen for the development of the software on a Windows NT platform. Keywords: 3D kernel; Computer-aided design (CAD); Injection mould design; Parasolid 1. Introduction Three-dimensional CAD systems have increasingly been used to speed up the product realisation process. One of the first steps involved in the automation of the product design process is the creation of the component parts in a 3D modelling application. The 3D model, upon creation, is called the digital master copy. This 3D digital model forms the key to a wide spectrum of process automation. Creating the 3D digital model of component parts is only the very first step. There are several other secondary tasks that must to be done before the part can be manufactured. Such tasks include finite-element analysis, jigs and fixtures design, injection mould design, computer-aided manufacturing, simul Correspondence and ofprint requests to: K.-S. Lee, Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore. E-mail: mpeleeksKnus.edu.sg ation, and visualisation. Today, many application Plug-ins have been developed on high-level 3D modelling platforms to facilitate these secondary tasks. The 3D-modelling platform provides the plug-in software with a library of functions as well as an established user interface and style of programming. As a result, the development times for these plug-ins are significantly reduced. Such an arrangement is advantageous in many ways. However, it has its shortcomings, especially in the long run. In order to develop a plug-in for established software, the developers must adhere to the many constraints imposed. There is a need to be consistent with the style of the parent software. The developers must be able to achieve any functionality they need with only the set of library functions provided. Most end-users need both the parent software and the plug-in. In many cases, however, they may be more interested in using only the plug-in software. An example of such a situation is in injection mould design. These users, however, must purchase the entire software package which includes many features and functions that they do not need. Such a large program is often very demanding on the hardware, which also means higher cost. The plug-in software is also very dependent on developments in the parent software. Whenever a new version is updated for the parent software, the plug-in developers have to follow-up on the changes. These shortcomings may not exist if these applications were developed on a low-level platform. Ideally, these plug-ins could be developed using low-level 3D kernels for higher flexibility and better portability. In many instances, such a move is both feasible and advantageous. Traditionally, injection mould design is carried out directly on a CAD system. The entire injection mould, consisting of perhaps hundreds of components, is modelled and assembled on CAD systems such as AutoCAD, Pro/Engineer, and Unigraphics. As the injection mould design process is recursive, it is very time-consuming to re-model and re-assemble the design. In this aspect, 3D CAD systems such as Pro/Engineer and Unigraphics, which are feature-based, have a significant advantage over 2D CAD systems such as AutoCAD. To further speed up the injection mould design process, plug-ins were developed on these 3D systems to automate certain stages of the design process. Examples of such add-on applications include IMOLD (Intelligent Mold Design and Assembly Sys- 454 T. L. Neo and K. S. Lee tem, developed at the National University of Singapore, based on Unigraphics), Expert Mold Designer (based on CADKEY) and Moldmaker (based on EUCLID). As each is based on a specific CAD system, there is no plug compatibility. In 1994, Mok and Cheung [1] presented work on the development of an injection mould design application based on Unigraphics. In 1997, Shah [2] proposed a 3-tier architecture for standardising communications between geometric modelling kernels and applications that require geometric modelling services. His objective is to achieve plug compatibility between 3D applications that are based on Parasolid [3] (a 3D kernel, developed at the University of Cambridge) and ACIS. This, however, involved an extensively developed 3-tier modelling husk. In this paper, the author attempts to develop a lightweight injection mould design application using a low-level 3D kernel directly. The focus is on the flexibility and speed of the software development. Design concepts and procedures were taken from IMOLD [4,5], a complete mould design and assembly 3D application. Although the discussion is limited to injection mould design only, the methodology applied can easily be applied in other 3D-based applications that are of a similar nature. A combination of developer tools was chosen for this purpose. Before the methodology is discussed, brief introductions to some of these tools are first presented. They are, IMOLD, Parasolid version 10.1, Visual Cversion 6.0, and the Microsoft Foundation Classes. 2. IMOLD as a Mould Design Application IMOLD (Intelligent Mold Design and Assembly) is an established 3D-based application that is dedicated to injection mould design. It is developed on top of an advanced CAD system called Unigraphics. The development is carried out using the applications programming interface (API) provided. The software enables mould designers to create a design rapidly by providing the tools that are commonly needed. Standard components parts, that are often required in the design, have been pre-created in the software and can be readily used by the designer. This reduces the design time significantly. The mould design process is divided into several stages, providing the designer with a consistent method of creating the mould design. They are, namely: 1. Data preparation. 2. Filling system design. 3. Mould base design. 4. Inserts and parting design. 5. Cooling system design. 6. Slider and lifter design. 7. Ejection system design. 8. Standard parts library. Each stage can be considered as an independent module of the program. The 3D-based requirements for each module vary only slightly. The success in developing the mould base module implies feasibility in developing all the other modules. 3. Parasolid as a 3D Kernel Parasolid is designed to be the centre or “kernel” of any system that is based on 3D model data. It is essentially a solid modeller, which can be used to: 1. Build and manipulate solid objects. 2. Calculate mass and moments of inertia, and perform clash detection. 3. Output the objects in various ways, including pictorially. 4. Store the objects in some sort of database or archive, and retrieve them later. Parasolid is one of the most advanced 3D kernels among CAD applications. It is the 3D kernel of Unigraphics and Solid-Works. Its unique tolerant modelling functionality enables it to accept data stored in other modeller formats. Parasolid model files are thus very potable. It is, therefore, a superior platform for the development of stand-alone applications. The 3D-based application interacts with Parasolid through one of its three interfaces (see Fig. 1). These are called the Parasolid kernel (PK) interface, the kernel interface (KI) and the downward interface. The PK interface and the kernel interface sit “on top” of the modeller (side-by-side), and are the means by which the application models and manipulates the objects, as well as controls the functioning of the modeller. The downward interface lies “beneath” the modeller, and is called by the modeller when it needs to perform data-intensive or system type operations. It consists of three parts: frustrum; graphical output (GO); and foreign geometry. These are briefly explained below. 3.1 The KI and PK Interface The KI and the PK are interfaces for the programmer to access the modelling capabilities in the Parasolid kernel. They are standard libraries of modelling functions. The programmer calls these modelling functions in their programs. As the KI is to be phased out soon, we chose to use the PK interface. Fig. 1. Parasolid components. 3D Kernel Development for Injection Mould Design 455 3.2 The Frustrum The frustrum is a set of functions, which must be written by the applications programmer. The kernel calls them when data must be saved or retrieved. When using Parasolid, the applications programmer must first decide how to manage the storage of data, which Parasolid outputs through the frustrum. Transferring data through the frustrum usually involves writing to, or reading from, files. The format and location of the files is determined when writing the frustrum functions. 3.3 The Graphical Output (GO) The graphical output is another set of functions, which is to be written by the applications programmer. When a call is made to the PK rendering functions, the graphical data generated are output through the GO interface. The graphical data are then passed to a 3D rendering package. OpenGL, a software interface to graphic cards, is a rendering package that is used for our purpose. 3.4 The Foreign Geometry The foreign geometry provides functionality for the development of customised geometrical types such as in-house curves and surfaces. These are used together with the standard geometrical types for modelling within Parasolid. 4. Object-Oriented Programming Using Visual Cand the Microsoft Foundation Classes Object-oriented programming (OOP) has been the undisputed option for software developers. It is among the most advanced developmental tools available. The Microsoft Visual Studio is such a software package. It features several developmental tools that are meant for Internet-based and Windows-based programming. Among these tools are the Visual C(VC) and the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC). The VCis a powerful development tool for object-oriented programming, whereas the MFC is a framework of Cclasses that are dedicated to Windows-based programming. Together, these provided the applications programmer with powerful development features and functionalities such as auto-code generation, and wizard-based operations. These greatly improved productivity. The entire user-interface for our program is developed using the VCand the MFC. 5. System Design The direct development of a 3D-based add-on application using a 3D kernel requires several issues to be addressed. They consist of 3 main stages at the highest level. First, the identification of the crucial features and functions required for the plug-in application. Secondly, the development of the design for the application framework. Lastly, the design and development of the individual modules in the framework with appropriate developmental tools. 5.1 Identification of Essential Modules Parasolid, as a 3D kernel, provides only a number of libraries and a conceptual framework for 3D application development. It is thus necessary for the developers to identify and develop the other essential facilities that are provided in a 3D CAD system. In order to identify the required facilities, it is important to understand the discrepancies between the two. Table 1 summarises the main differences in the facilities provided by a 3D kernel and a 3D CAD system. Some of these facilities, such as features and parametric modelling, are both time-consuming and technically demanding to develop. As most plug-ins do not use all the facilities of the parent software, it is possible to develop only those required by the plug-ins using low-level 3D kernels, producing a standalone version. Items 7 to 9 in Table 1 are prerequisites for the development of 3D-based applications using Parasolid. By studying the requirements of the plug-in application, other essential facilities can be identified. A framework for the application is then proposed, based on the facilities provided by the Parasolid kernel. 5.2 Framework for 3D-Based Applications A framework is developed with reference to the facilities provided by the developmental tools and the requirements of the application. It is designed so that there are minimum dependencies between individual code modules. This may result in a small degree of code duplication. In exchange, there is better portability of the program codes, greater ease of maintenance and a better prospect for future expansion. The overview of this framework is illustrated in Fig. 2. The details of the various modules are discussed in the following sections. 5.2.1 Windows-Based User-Interface (A) Parasolid does not provide the programmer with a userinterface. Thus, the development of the 3D-based application at every single stage will involve designing the user-interface from scratch. The necessary developments involve: 1. Environmental setting and display of the 3D-based application. 2. Interactive graphical interface and execution procedure for all application functionality. 5.2.2 3D Developer Layer (B) Since different 3D-based applications require 3D-facilities to different extent, the framework must provide for these variations. A 3D developer layer (See Fig. 2, Item B) is conceptualised to handle such variations. It is a library of objects or classes that are developed, based on the Parasolid kernel. The extent of development depends on the requirements of the 456 T. L. Neo and K. S. Lee Table 1. Summary of facilities provided by a 3D kernel and a CAD system. Facilities 3D kernel 3D CAD system 1. Basic 3D modelling Low-level and general functions provided High-level and specific functions provided 2. Assemblies Several library functions provided Complete system provided 3. Feature-based modelling Not provided Established feature set provided 4. Parametric modelling Not provided Often provided 5. Free-form modelling Low-level functions provided Often provided 6. Drafting Not provided Complete system provided 7. Interactive user-interface Not provided Always provided 8. Visualisation of 3D objects Conceptual framework and several library Completely developed functions provided 9. File management system Conceptual framework and several library Completely developed functions provided Fig. 2. Overview of 3D-based application. application identified in the previous section. Besides catering for variations in application requirements, the 3D developer layer also acts as a programming interface for non-Parasolid developers. Such an interface can also be re-used for subsequent development of other 3D-based applications. The 3D developer layer essentially consists of three main sections. They are used for 3D modelling and assembly, 3D visualisation and 3D data management, respectively. I. 3D Modeling and Assembly. The 3D modelling and assembly module is the most important and elaborate of all three sections. It is analogous to the application-programming interface (API) provided by most CAD systems. The module consists of a library of 3D-based objects or classes, which are used for the development of the core application modules. The basic 3D functionality that is required by most 3D applications must be developed first. Depending on the requirements of the individual 3D-based application, other more advance features are subsequently added. II. 3D Visualisation. The display of 3D objects in a Windows client area requires a software graphics interface. The graphical output together with a selected graphical interface, are used for the rendering of 3D objects in the 3D-based application, as well as the management of the viewing projections and transformations. Here, a library of classes is developed for such purposes. III. 3D Data Management. The 3D data management module is developed on top of the frustrum. The frustrum is the module in the Parasolid kernel that facilitates archiving and access of 3D part files. A library of classes are developed using the frustrum for handling: 1. 3D object file format. 2. File management operations such as opening and saving a 3D object file. 5.2.3 Application Modules (C) These are the actual 3D-based application modules that sit between the 3D developer layer and the application userinterface. The design of these modules depends mainly on the nature of the applications and often differs greatly. The main bulk of the developmental work is carried out in this area. The ease of the development, however, depends on the capabilities of the 3D developer layer. 5.2.4 Other Software Modules (D) Very often, the 3D-based application may require functionality from other existing software modules or application modules. Therefore, such a link may exist. An example of such a requirement is illustrated in the implementation section of this paper. 5.3 Development of Individual Modules Each module to be developed is studied and analysed before a suitable design is produced. The ease of development depends greatly on the design of the framework and the developer tools selected. The next section illustrates the implementation of the Fig. 3. Overview of the injection mould base design application. above methodology on a 3D-based injection mould base design and assembly application. 6. Implementations Applying the system design, a 3D-based injection mould design application is developed. This is achieved using the developmental tools mentioned in the earlier sections. The mould base module is chosen for illustration, as it requires the widest range of 3D functionality, including the generation of assemblies. 6.1 Framework of Application and the Requirements of Each Module A framework for the application is designed with reference to the developmental work identified. Figure 3 illustrates the framework for the Mold Base design application. The details of the requirements in each module are discussed as follows: 6.1.1 Windows NT User-Interface (A) Mould base design is an iterative process. The Mould designer first selects a standard mould base from the catalogue, and then repeatedly makes modifications to the dimensions of the mould base until all the design requirements are met. It is, therefore, necessary to consider an interactive user-interface for such purpose. Using the Visual Cand the MFC, a Windows-based interface is developed. These include: 1. Creation, display and management of menu bar items, context menu items and toolbar buttons for easy access to functionality of the application. 2. Creation, display and management of dialogue boxes to guide the user or to obtain user input. 458 T. L. Neo and K. S. Lee Fig. 6. Cavity