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無錫太湖學(xué)院
信 機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)論 文 任 務(wù) 書
一、題目及專題：
１、 題目 液壓馬達(dá)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)及動(dòng)力源設(shè)計(jì)
２、專題
二、課題來源及選題依據(jù)
題目來源于寧波液壓馬達(dá)英特姆液壓馬達(dá)有限公司設(shè)計(jì)制造。 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代 化的測(cè)試方法及測(cè)試手段，設(shè)計(jì)出液壓馬達(dá)的測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。解決該公司生產(chǎn)所有的系列液壓馬達(dá)的型式試驗(yàn)和出廠試驗(yàn)要求。是液壓，電氣及機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的有機(jī)結(jié)合。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助測(cè)試系統(tǒng)(CAT系統(tǒng))正越來越廣泛地應(yīng)用于液壓測(cè)試領(lǐng)域。CAT技術(shù)是計(jì)算機(jī)與常規(guī)測(cè)試系流結(jié)合的一門綜合性技術(shù)。運(yùn)用CAT技術(shù)可以提高系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試精度及測(cè)量速度，且能增強(qiáng)控制與數(shù)據(jù)處理能力，這是液壓馬達(dá)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)將來的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
三、本設(shè)計(jì)（論文或其他）應(yīng)達(dá)到的要求： 液壓馬達(dá)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)及動(dòng)力源設(shè)計(jì)：
1．應(yīng)用各類傳感器現(xiàn)代化測(cè)試技術(shù)，微機(jī)技術(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)出現(xiàn)代化的符合ISO及GB標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測(cè)試方案。
2．Pmax=25MPa Q<=300L/min 液壓源設(shè)計(jì)。
3．總體設(shè)計(jì)及總體布置。
4．集成塊設(shè)計(jì)，油箱結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
5．控制系統(tǒng)及控制臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
6．測(cè)試方法，數(shù)據(jù)分析。
該液壓缸(馬達(dá))試驗(yàn)臺(tái)是根據(jù)GB/T 15622-1995和SAE J214 MAR-86 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)的。應(yīng)用各類傳感器及現(xiàn)代化測(cè)試技術(shù)，微機(jī)技術(shù)，能對(duì)壓力25MPa以下、流量300L/min的各類液壓馬達(dá)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。
設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容包括：設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)到B級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的試驗(yàn)臺(tái)、油源系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、集成塊的設(shè)計(jì)、控制裝置的設(shè)計(jì)及制造合格油箱；并且利用合適的測(cè)試方法來對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。
四、接受任務(wù)學(xué)生：
機(jī)械91 班 姓名 徐琦
五、開始及完成日期：
自2012年11月7日 至2013年5月25日
六、設(shè)計(jì)（論文）指導(dǎo)（或顧問）：
指導(dǎo)教師 簽名
簽名
簽名
教研室主任
〔學(xué)科組組長研究所所長〕 簽名
系主任 簽名
2012年11月7日
I
編號(hào)
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 液壓馬達(dá)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)及動(dòng)力源設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923038
學(xué)生姓名： 徐 琦
指導(dǎo)教師： 屠德剛（職稱：高工 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開題報(bào)告
題目： 液壓馬達(dá)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)及動(dòng)力源設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923038
學(xué)生姓名： 徐 琦
指導(dǎo)教師： 屠德剛 （職稱：高工 ）
（職稱： ）
2012年 11月7日
課題來源
題目來源于寧波液壓馬達(dá)英特姆液壓馬達(dá)有限公司設(shè)計(jì)制造。
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等）
應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代化的測(cè)試方法及測(cè)試手段，設(shè)計(jì)出液壓馬達(dá)的測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。解決該公司生產(chǎn)所有的系列液壓馬達(dá)的型式試驗(yàn)和出廠試驗(yàn)要求。是液壓，電氣及機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的有機(jī)結(jié)合。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助測(cè)試系統(tǒng)(CAT系統(tǒng))正越來越廣泛地應(yīng)用于液壓測(cè)試領(lǐng)域。CAT技術(shù)是計(jì)算機(jī)與常規(guī)測(cè)試系流結(jié)合的一門綜合性技術(shù)。運(yùn)用CAT技術(shù)可以提高系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試精度及測(cè)量速度，且能增強(qiáng)控制與數(shù)據(jù)處理能力，這是液壓馬達(dá)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)將來的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
研究?jī)?nèi)容
液壓馬達(dá)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)及動(dòng)力源設(shè)計(jì)
1．應(yīng)用各類傳感器現(xiàn)代化測(cè)試技術(shù)，微機(jī)技術(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)出現(xiàn)代化的符合ISO及GB標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測(cè)試方案。
2．Pmax=25MPa Q<=300L/min 液壓源設(shè)計(jì)。
3．總體設(shè)計(jì)及總體布置。
4．集成塊設(shè)計(jì)，油箱結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
5．控制系統(tǒng)及控制臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
6．測(cè)試方法，數(shù)據(jù)分析。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
該液壓缸(馬達(dá))試驗(yàn)臺(tái)是根據(jù)GB/T 15622-1995和SAE J214 MAR-86標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)的。應(yīng)用各類傳感器及現(xiàn)代化測(cè)試技術(shù)，微機(jī)技術(shù)，能對(duì)壓力25MPa以下、流量300L/min的各類液壓馬達(dá)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。
設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容包括：設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)到B級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的試驗(yàn)臺(tái)、油源系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、集成塊的設(shè)計(jì)、控制裝置的設(shè)計(jì)及制造合格油箱；并且利用合適的測(cè)試方法來對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年10月12日-2012年12月25日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書。
2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日：填寫畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。
2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告。
2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：完成方案的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行必要的計(jì)算，論證。
2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：應(yīng)用CAD完成裝配圖及主要零件圖。
2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作
預(yù)期結(jié)果：
達(dá)到預(yù)期的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)要求，滿足工作需要
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
在本次設(shè)計(jì)中，我設(shè)計(jì)了液壓馬達(dá)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的液壓系統(tǒng)部分，在參照了各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后，選定了試驗(yàn)臺(tái)液壓系統(tǒng)的方案，確定了液壓馬達(dá)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的總體方案；進(jìn)行了液壓動(dòng)力源裝置的計(jì)算、選型和設(shè)計(jì)；設(shè)計(jì)了液壓馬達(dá)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的“心臟”部分——液壓控制裝置，即液壓集成塊。在集成塊的設(shè)計(jì)過程中，我盡量提高液壓控制閥集成化的程度，并選用了二通插裝閥來代替換向閥，進(jìn)行了一定的改進(jìn)和創(chuàng)新。
在設(shè)計(jì)了液壓部分后，又在參照液壓試驗(yàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，了解了液壓馬達(dá)試驗(yàn)步驟和內(nèi)容后，結(jié)合了現(xiàn)代的傳感技術(shù)和CAT技術(shù)，選用了傳感器來代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的測(cè)量?jī)x表，設(shè)計(jì)了符合B級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的液壓馬達(dá)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
已具備的條件：電腦；相關(guān)開發(fā)軟件；部分技術(shù)資料。
尚需解決的問題：學(xué)習(xí)UG軟件；確定產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸和技術(shù)要求；逆向設(shè)計(jì)建立三維數(shù)模、CAD數(shù)模；PLC控制電路的設(shè)計(jì)；機(jī)械的強(qiáng)度校核。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
Hydraulic
System Hydraulic presser drive and air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascal's principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 ? Braman Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the world's first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved. After the World War I (1914-1918) ,because of the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century G ? Constantimscofluct- uations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic trans- mission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development. The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japan's hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, "Hydraulic Industry." Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japan's fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader. Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general industrial use of plastics processing machinery, the pressure of machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel indu-stry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flood control and dam gate devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship from the deck heavy machinery (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valve, stern thruster, etc.; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military industrial control devices used in artillery, ship antirolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices. A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, auxiliary components and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic pressure control valve can be divided into valves, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories. The concept of gear pump is very simple, that it is two of the most basic form of the same size gear in a close cooperation of mutual engagement with the rotating shell, the shell's internal similar "8" shape, the two gears mounted inside , the diameter of gear and work closely with both sides and shell. From the extruder the material inhaled into the mouth of two intermediate gears, and full of the space, with the teeth along the shell of the rotary movement, the final two hours from the meshing teeth. Speaking in terms of gear, also known as positive displacement pump device, that is, inside the cylinder like a piston, when a tooth to another tooth space of the fluid, the liquid was squeezed mechanically to row out. Because the liquid is incompressible, so the liquid and the tooth at the same time will not be able to occupy the same space, so that the liquid has been ruled out. Because of the constant mesh gear, this phenomenon occurs on a row and, therefore, the pump provides a continuous export to exclude the amount of a turn each pump, the volume of discharge is the same. With the continuous rotation of the driveshaft, pump fluid is continuously discharged. Pump flow directly to the speed of the pump. In fact, there is little pump of the fluid loss, which makes the operation of pumps can not achieve 100% efficiency, as these fluids are used to on both sides of bearing and gear lubrication, and the pump body is also not possible with no gap, it can not be so that 100% of fluid discharged from the export, so a small amount of fluid loss is inevitable. However, a good pump can be run out of material for the majority, will still be able to achieve 93% ~ 98% efficiency. For the viscosity or density change in the process fluid, the pump will not be affected too much. If there is a damper, for example, in the export side, one row or a limiter filter, pumps will push fluid through them. If the damper changes in their work, that is, if the filters become dirty, blocked, or limiter on the back of the hypertension, the pump will maintain a constant flow, until the device in the weakest parts of the mechanical limit (usually equipped with a torque limiter). For a pump speed, in fact, there are restrictions, which mainly depends on the process fluid, if the transmission is oil, pump can rotate at high speed, but when the fluid is a high viscosity of the polymer melt, such restrictions will be significantly reduced. Promote blood flow into the intake side of the two tooth space is very important, if not fill in this space is full, the pump will not be able to discharge the flow of accurate, so the value of PV (pressure × velocity) is also a limiting factor, and is a process variable. As a result of these restrictions, gear pump manufacturers will provide a range of products, that is, different specifications and emission (perweek to the emission of volume). These pumps will fit the specific application of technology to enable the system to achieve optimal capacity and price. PEP-II pump shaft gear and a total of one species hardened using technology, will be a longer working life. "D"-type bearing a combination of forced lubrication mechanism, so that the polymer surface by the bearing, and return to the import side of pump to ensure effective lubrication of the rotation axis. This feature reduces the degradation of polymers and the possibility of being stranded. Precision machining of the pump body can "D"-type gear shaft with precision bearings to ensure noneccentric gear shaft to prevent gear wear. Structure and Parkool PTFE sealing lip sealed water cooled sealed together. This shaft seal does not actually contact the surface, it is the principle of the sealing polymer to a semimolten state cooling and the formation of self sealing. Can also be used Rheoseal sealing, seal it inside the table are reverse spiral groove processing, the polymer can be imported back to the antipressure. In order to facilitate the installation, the manufacturer has designed the installation of a ring bolt, so that the flange and install other equipment line, which makes the manufacture of tube flange easier. PEP-II with a gear pump with the pump to match the specifications of the heating elements for the user matching, which ensures rapid heating and heat control. Heating the body and pump in different ways, the damage to these components is limited to a board, the pump has nothing to do with the whole. Gear pump by an independent motor drive, to be effective in blocking the upper reaches of the pressure pulsation and flow fluctuations. Gear pump in the outlet of the pressure fluctuation can be controlled within 1%. In the extrusion production line using a gear pump, can increase the output flow rate of material in the extruder to reduce the shear and residence time to reduce the extrusion temperature and pressure fluctuation in order to enhance productivity and product quality. The role of the hydraulic system is to help humanity work. Mainly by the implementation of components to rotate or pressure into a reciprocating motion. Hydraulic principle it consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oilfilled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI, Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel. Hydraulic system and hydraulic power control signal is composed of two parts, the signal control of some parts of the hydraulic power used to drive the control valve movement. Part of the hydraulic power means that the circuit diagram used to show the different functions of the interrelationship between components. Containing the source of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and auxiliary components; hydraulic control part contains a variety of control valves, used to control the flow of oil, pressure and direction; operative or hydraulic cylinder with hydraulic motors, according to the actual requirements of their choice. In the analysis and design of the actual task, the general block diagram shows the actual operation of equipment. Hollow arrow indicates the signal flow, while the solid arrows that energy flow. Basic hydraulic circuit of the action sequence Control components (two four-way valve) and the spring to reset for the implementation of components (double-acting hydraulic cylinder), as well as the extending and retracting the relief valve opened and closed. For the Gear pump by an independent motor drive, to be effective in blocking the upper reaches of the pressure pulsation and flow fluctuations. Gear pump in the outlet of the pressure fluctuation can be controlled within 1%. In the extrusion production line using a gear pump, can increase the output flow rate of material in the extruder to reduce the shear and residence time to reduce the extrusion temperature and pressure fluctuation in order to enhance productivity and product quality. The role of the hydraulic system is to help humanity work. Mainly by the implementation of components to rotate or pressure into a reciprocating motion. Hydraulic principle it consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oilfilled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI, Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel. Hydraulic system and hydraulic power control signal is composed of two parts, the signal control of some parts of the hydraulic power used to drive the control valve movement. Part of the hydraulic power means that the circuit diagram used to show the different functions of the interrelationship between components. Containing the source of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and auxiliary components; hydraulic control part contains a variety of control valves, used to control the flow of oil, pressure and direction; operative or hydraulic cylinder with hydraulic motors, according to the actual requirements of their choice. In the analysis and design of the actual task, the general block diagram shows the actual operation of equipment. Hollow arrow indicates the signal flow, while the solid arrows that energy flow. Basic hydraulic circuit of the action sequence Control components (two four-way valve) and the spring to reset for the implementation of components (double-acting hydraulic cylinder), as well as the extending and retracting the relief valve opened and closed. For the and hence the price. 4, due to the leakage of liquid medium and the compressibility and can not be strictly the transmission ratio. 5, hydraulic transmission is not easy to find out the reasons for failure; the use and maintenance requirements for a higher level of technology. In the hydraulic system and its system, the sealing device to prevent leakage of the work of media within and outside the dust and the intrusion of foreign bodies. Seals played the role of components, namely seals. Medium will result in leakage of waste, pollution and environmental machinery and even give rise to malfunctioning machinery and equipment for personal accident. Leakage within the hydraulic system will cause a sharp drop in volumetric efficiency, amounting to less than the required pressure, can not even work. Microinvasive system of dust particles, can cause or exacerbate friction hydraulic component wear, and further lead to leakage. Therefore, seals and sealing device is an important hydraulic equipment components. The reliability of its work and life, is a measure of the hydraulic system an important indicator of good or bad. In addition to the closed space, are the use of seals, so that two adjacent coupling surface of the gap between the need to control the liquid can be sealed following the smallest gap. In the contact seal, pressed into self-seal-style and self-styled self-tight seal (ie, sealed lips) two. The three hydraulic system diseases 1, as a result of heat transmission medium (hydraulic oil) in the flow velocity in various parts of the existence of different, resulting in the existence of a liquid within the internal friction of liquids and pipelines at the same time there is friction between the inner wall, which are a result of hydraulic the reasons for the oil temperature. Temperature will lead to increased internal and external leakage, reducing its mechanical efficiency. At the same time as a result of high temperature, hydraulic oil expansion will occur, resulting in increased compression, so that action can not be very good control of transmission. Solution: heat is the inherent characte -ristics of the hydraulic system, not only to minimize eradication. Use a good quality hydraulic oil, hydraulic piping arrangement should be avoided as far as possible the emergence of bend, the use of high-quality pipe and fittings, hydraulic valves, etc. 2, the vibration of the vibration of the hydraulic system is also one of its malaise. As a result of hydraulic oil in the pipeline flow of high-speed impact and the control valve to o