15T橋式起重機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)和小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)及其部件設(shè)計(jì)
15T橋式起重機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)和小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)及其部件設(shè)計(jì),15T橋式起重機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)和小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)及其部件設(shè)計(jì),15,橋式起重機(jī),機(jī)構(gòu),以及,小車,運(yùn)行,及其,部件,設(shè)計(jì)
英文翻譯
Traffic safety technical requirements
A hook
1, should be checked regularly, at least semiannually, and clean lubrication.
2, new and put into use the hook to recognize that the hook on the mark, the technical documentation of the manufacturing units and factory certification.
3, before put into use by means of marking load test, allows the use of qualified before confirmation.
4, are not allowed to use the casting hook. The hook should be fixed firmly rotating parts should be flexible, leptospirosis smooth surface, no cracks, spalling and any damage wire rope defects.
5, leptospirosis defects shall not welding. To prevent spreader to decoupling, the hook should be set to prevent accidental decoupling safety devices.
6, one of the following conditions occurs, the hook should be scrapped:
(1) Surface cracks.
(2) the amount of wear of the dangerous section: hook manufactured in use by industry standards, should not be greater than 10% of the original size; manufactured by GB10051.2 hook should be less than 5% of the original height.
(3) the degree of opening than the original size increased by 15%.
(4) The torsional deformation of more than 10 °.
(5) the dangerous section or hook neck plastically deformed.
(6) The board hook bushing wear up to 50% of the original size, should be scrapped bushing; the board hook mandrel wear up to 5% of the original size, should be scrapped mandrel. The panel hook caulking can not be loose, the gap between the boards can not be greater than 0.30mm.
Second, the spreader
1, hinge parts should be checked before use leverage deformation, cracks.
2, the axis of the rotating parts, off the regular inspection and lubrication. In case of large loose, wear, deformation, etc., should be timely repair and replacement.
3, new and put into use the spreader should load test, after passing inspection in order to allow the use of.
Third, the wheel
1, check all parts of the wheel, the tread of the wheel rim and spokes cracks are found, replace the wheel.
2, when the wheel rim wear amount more than 50% of the original thickness, or rim bending deformation of up to 20% of the original thickness, the wheels should be scrapped.
3, runout tolerance should not be greater than the diameter of the wheel tread.
Wheel tread allows repair in the following situations:
(1) a cylindrical the difference the two capstan tread diameter:
Wheel diameter φ250-500mm and no more than 0.125 mm;
The wheel diameter φ600-900mm and no more than 0.30mm.
(2) Poor: the two passive wheel diameter cylindrical tread
Wheel diameter φ250-500mm, is not greater than 0.60mm;
The wheel diameter φ600-900mm and no more than 0.90mm.
(3) conical tread diameter deviation is greater than the nominal diameter of 1/1000, should be re-processed for repair.
During use, the tread strip, the scratch area is greater than 2cm2, when the depth is greater than 3mm, allowing Repair, or should be scrapped.
Wheel tread thickness loss of 15% of the thickness due to wear or re-machining due to other defects, repair, when the wheel is scrapped.
(4) assembly of wheels, wheel basis nose will swing shall not be greater than 0.1 mm, the wall thickness of the rim and the wheel diameter deviation should not be greater than 3 mm, the wheel assembly group should be able to hand the flexibility to rotate.
Fourth, track
Check rail, bolts, fish plates for cracks, loose and corrosion. Found that the cracks should be replaced if any other defects should be promptly repaired.
2, the adjustment of the track: track joints can be made directly to the head, also can be made into a 45 ° inclined joint general joint gap for 1-2mm in the cold winter construction or installation should consider the temperature gap is generally 4-6mm . Joints, two rail top surface of the difference in height shall not be greater than 1 mm, side straightness is not greater than 2 mm.
The same cross-section of the two rail height difference shall not be greater than 10 mm. Each track along the length 2m measuring length shall not be greater than 2 mm, total length must not exceed 15mm.
Fifth, pulley block
1, good lubrication of the pulley block, flexible rotation; pulley lateral pendulum shall not exceed one-thousandth of the nominal size of the pulley.
2, pulley cover and other parts shall not prevent the wire rope run. Should prevent the rope to jump out of the wheel groove guards.
3 pulley one of the following conditions should be scrapped:
(1) there is a crack or damage the rim.
(2) round slot uneven wear up to 3mm.
(3) The wall thickness of the wheel groove wear up to 20% of the original wall thickness.
(4) wheel groove bottom diameter of the wear volume of 50% of the rope diameter.
4, the pulley has a smooth surface smooth, there should be no damage to wire rope defects.
Six rolls
1, the fetching means when the upper limit position, the the rope whole volume in the helical slot; extract means when the lower limit position, the end of each fixed should have safety 1.5-2 ring fixed rope groove and ring grooves.
2, you should regularly check the operation status of the group of the roll.
(1) Check the roll and shaft may crack, cracks were found to be scrapped update in a timely manner.
(2) reel wall wear to 20% of the original wall thickness roll scrap, should be replaced immediately.
(3) the reel hub without cracks, roll links should be solid, not loose.
(4) fixed the end of the wire rope should be reliable, fixtures should be locking or self-tightening performance.
3, roll around the skew angle of the rope for single-layer winding-up mechanism should not be greater than 3.5 ° for the multilayer winding institutions should not be greater than 2 °.
4, multi-layer winding roll ends should be flange. Flange should be higher than the outermost layer of wire rope or chain 2 times the rope diameter or width of the chain. The monolayer wound single joint roll should also meet the above requirements.
, An integral part of the roll group, rotating flexible roll, shall not block abnormal sound.
Seven reducer
1, always check the anchor bolts, shall not be loose, fall off and break.
2 a day, check the gear unit housing, bearing at fever can not exceed the allowable temperature rise. When the temperature exceeds a room temperature of 40 ° C, the bearings should be checked for damage, improper installation or lack of grease, the load time is too long, running or without catching phenomenon.
3, check the lubrication. Reducer during the initial period, should be replaced every three months the oil and clean the cabinet, remove the metal shavings, replaced every six months to a year later. The lubricating oil will not leak, the oil should be moderate.
4, listening to the police gear meshing sound. Excessive noise or abnormal percussion, out of the box to check the shafts and gears for damage.
5, with a magnetic or ultrasonic flaw detection gear unit housing and shaft cracks should be replaced.
6, the housing shall not deformation, cracking defect.
7, reducer parts of the following circumstances should be scrapped:
(1) the gear cracks and broken teeth.
(2) damage to the tooth surface pitting of the engagement surface 30% or 10% of the depth up to the original tooth thickness.
(3) Hoisting mechanism at every level gear to wear up 10% of the original tooth thickness, the other engages level up to the original tooth thickness of 20% should be scrapped: other institutions meshing gear tooth thickness wear up to 15%, the tooth thickness wear of the original tooth thickness of the engagement level of 25% should be scrapped; open gear drive gear tooth thickness wear of the original tooth thickness of 30% of the gear scrapped.
(4) the reducer housing severe deformation, cracks and fix the value of the end-of-life.
Eight coupling
1, the rotating coupling runout or face runout is beyond the limit.
2, the bond between the coupling and connector availability of loose, deformed, or out of the slot; keyway for cracks and deformation, with or without scroll keys. Connected to the coupling with the order of the shear bolt, the bolt of the availability of loose, fall off and break, when the above situation, stop the treatment.
3, a lubricating device coupling sealing device should be intact.
4, gear couplings for cracks, broken teeth or from the lifting mechanism and the non-equilibrium luffing mechanism gear tooth thickness wear volume of the original tooth thickness of 15% and 20% of other agencies gear tooth thickness wear volume of the original tooth thickness associated The axis is no longer available.
The use of lifting mechanism brake wheel coupling, heat pad should be added.
Nine, brake
Brake frame hinge point by the wear and tear caused Songkuang, resulting backlash over tic drive 10% of the working stroke of the device, the response to the hinge point for repair.
2, the hinge pin having a diameter exceeding 5% of the original diameter of more than 0.5mm or ovality, shall replace the pin. The replacement pin hole should be trimmed to restore the roundness, and then the preparation of a new pin according to the aperture. Shaft hole diameter wear more than 5% of the original diameter, should be re-trimmed shaft hole, the preparation of a new pin.
(3) on the brake pad lining wear more than 50% of the original thickness, defects and cracks should be scrapped, the replacement of the friction plate. Replacement, a rivet embedded in the brake lining attempt should be more than 1/2 of the original thickness.
4, the parts of the braking device cracks should be scrapped.
5 should be replaced, the brake spring plastic deformation occurs.
6, from the lifting mechanism and luffing mechanism brake wheel, when the wear of the rim thickness up to 40% of the original thickness, should be scrapped. Other bodies of the brake wheel, the wear of the rim thickness up to 50% of the original thickness, should be scrapped.
7, brake wheel shaft hole with the drive shaft connected to key loose, replace the tic wheel and drive shaft.
8, the brake wheel uneven degrees of 1.5mm, allowing Repair. Flange thickness shall comply with the requirements of section 6 of the repair can continue to use, or should be scrapped.
中文翻譯
行車安全技術(shù)要求
一、吊鉤
1、應(yīng)定期檢查，至少每半年檢查一次，并進(jìn)行清洗潤滑。
2、新投入使用的吊鉤要認(rèn)明鉤件上的標(biāo)記、制造單位的技術(shù)文件和出廠合格證。
3、投入正式使用前應(yīng)根據(jù)標(biāo)記進(jìn)行負(fù)荷試驗(yàn)，確認(rèn)合格后才允許使用。
4、不準(zhǔn)使用鑄造吊鉤。吊鉤應(yīng)固定牢靠，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部位應(yīng)靈活，鉤體表面光潔，無裂紋、剝裂及任何有損傷鋼絲繩的缺陷。
5、鉤體上的缺陷不得補(bǔ)焊。為防止吊具自行脫鉤，吊鉤上應(yīng)設(shè)置防止意外脫鉤的安全裝置。
6、出現(xiàn)下述情況之一時(shí)，吊鉤應(yīng)報(bào)廢：
（1）表面有裂紋。
（2）危險(xiǎn)斷面磨損量：按行業(yè)沿用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造的吊鉤，應(yīng)不大于原尺寸的10%；按GB10051.2制造的吊鉤，應(yīng)不大于原高度的5%。
（3）開口度比原尺寸增加15%。
（4）扭轉(zhuǎn)變形超過10°。
（5）危險(xiǎn)斷面或吊鉤頸部產(chǎn)生塑性變形。
（6）板鉤襯套磨損達(dá)原尺寸的50%時(shí)，應(yīng)報(bào)廢襯套；板鉤芯軸磨損達(dá)原尺寸的5%時(shí)，應(yīng)報(bào)廢芯軸。板鉤的鉚接不得松動(dòng)，板間的間隙不得大于0.30mm。
二、吊具
1、使用前應(yīng)檢查鉸接部位的杠桿有無變形、裂紋。
2、對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部位的軸、銷進(jìn)行定期檢查和潤滑。如有較大的松動(dòng)、磨損、變形等，應(yīng)及時(shí)予以修理和更換。
3、新投入使用的吊具應(yīng)進(jìn)行負(fù)載試驗(yàn)，經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)合格后才能允許使用。
三、車輪
1、檢查車輪各個(gè)部位，車輪的踏面、輪緣和輪輻發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋時(shí)，應(yīng)更換車輪。
2、車輪輪緣磨損量超過原厚度的50%時(shí)，或輪緣彎曲變形達(dá)原厚度的20%時(shí)，車輪應(yīng)報(bào)廢。
3、車輪踏面的徑向跳動(dòng)不應(yīng)大于直徑的公差。
車輪踏面在下列情況時(shí)允許修理：
（1）圓柱形踏面的兩主動(dòng)輪的直徑差：
車輪直徑φ250—500mm時(shí)，不大于0.125mm；
車輪直徑φ600—900mm時(shí)，不大于0.30mm。
（2）圓柱形踏面的兩被動(dòng)輪的直徑差：
車輪直徑φ250—500mm時(shí)，不大于0.60mm；
車輪直徑φ600—900mm時(shí)，不大于0.90mm。
（3）圓錐形踏面直徑偏差大于名義直徑的1/1000時(shí)，應(yīng)重新加工修理。
在使用過程中，踏面剝離、擦傷的面積大于2cm2，深度大于3mm時(shí)，允許修理，否則應(yīng)報(bào)廢。
車輪由于磨損或因其他缺陷，重新加工修理，踏面厚度損失達(dá)厚度的15%時(shí)，車輪報(bào)廢。
（4）裝配后的車輪組，車輪基準(zhǔn)端面擺輻不得大于0.1mm，輪緣及輪徑的壁厚偏差不應(yīng)大于3mm，裝配后的車輪組，應(yīng)能用手靈活地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
四、軌道
1、檢查鋼軌、螺栓，魚尾板有無裂紋，松脫和腐蝕。發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋應(yīng)及時(shí)更換，如有其他缺陷應(yīng)及時(shí)修理。
2、軌道的調(diào)整：軌道的接頭可做成直接頭，也可以做成45°斜接頭，一般接頭的縫隙為1—2mm，在寒冷地區(qū)冬季施工或安裝時(shí)應(yīng)考慮溫度縫隙一般為4—6mm。接頭處，兩軌頂面高度差不得大于1mm，側(cè)面直線度不大于2mm。
兩軌道同一截面高度差不得大于10mm。每根軌道沿長度方向，每2m測(cè)量長度不得大于2mm，全長上不得超過15mm。
五、滑輪組
1、滑輪組潤滑良好，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)靈活；滑輪側(cè)向擺不得超過滑輪名義尺寸的千分之一。
2、滑輪罩及其他零部件不得妨礙鋼絲繩運(yùn)行。應(yīng)有防止鋼絲繩跳出輪槽的防護(hù)裝置。
3、滑輪有以下情況之一時(shí)，應(yīng)報(bào)廢：
（1）有裂紋或輪緣破損。
（2）輪槽不均勻磨損達(dá)3mm時(shí)。
（3）輪槽壁厚磨損達(dá)原壁厚的20%時(shí)。
（4）輪槽底部直徑磨損量達(dá)鋼絲繩直徑的50%時(shí)。
4、滑輪輪槽表面光潔平滑，不應(yīng)有損傷鋼絲繩的缺陷。
六、卷筒
1、取物裝置在上極限位置時(shí)，鋼絲繩全卷在螺旋槽中；取物裝置在下極限位置時(shí)，每端固定處都應(yīng)有1.5—2圈固定鋼絲繩用槽和2圈以上的安全槽。
2、應(yīng)定期檢查卷筒組的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)。
（1）檢查卷筒和軸不得有裂紋，如發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋要及時(shí)報(bào)廢更新。
（2）卷筒壁磨損至原壁厚的20%時(shí)卷筒報(bào)廢，應(yīng)立即更換。
（3）卷筒轂上不得有裂紋，與卷筒聯(lián)結(jié)就應(yīng)堅(jiān)固，不得松動(dòng)。
（4）鋼絲繩尾端的固定應(yīng)可靠，固定裝置應(yīng)有防松或自緊性能。
3、卷筒與繞出的鋼絲繩的偏斜角對(duì)于單層纏繞機(jī)構(gòu)不應(yīng)大于3.5°，對(duì)于多層纏繞機(jī)構(gòu)不應(yīng)大于2°。
4、多層纏繞的卷筒，端部應(yīng)有凸緣。凸緣應(yīng)比最外層鋼絲繩或鏈條高出2倍的鋼絲繩直徑或鏈條的寬度。單層纏繞的單聯(lián)卷筒也應(yīng)滿足上述要求。
5、組成卷筒組的零件齊全，卷筒轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)靈活，不得有阻滯現(xiàn)象及異常聲響。
七、減速器
1、經(jīng)常檢查地腳螺栓，不得有松動(dòng)、脫落和折斷。
2、每天檢查減速器箱體，軸承處的發(fā)熱不能超過允許溫度升高值。當(dāng)溫度超過室溫40℃時(shí)，應(yīng)檢查軸承是否損壞，是否安裝不當(dāng)或缺少潤滑油脂，負(fù)荷時(shí)間是否過長，運(yùn)行有無卡滯現(xiàn)象等。
3、檢查潤滑部位。減速器使用初期，應(yīng)每三個(gè)月更換一次潤滑油，并清洗箱體，去除金屬屑，以后半年至一年更換一次。潤滑油不得泄漏，同時(shí)油量要適中。
4、聽察齒輪嚙合聲響。噪聲過高或有異常撞擊聲時(shí)，要開箱檢查軸和齒輪有無損壞。
5、用磁力或超聲波探傷檢查減速器箱體和軸，發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋應(yīng)及時(shí)更換。
6、殼體不得有變形、開裂缺損現(xiàn)象。
7、減速器零件中有下列情形之一時(shí)，應(yīng)予以報(bào)廢：
（1）齒輪有裂紋和斷齒。
（2）齒面點(diǎn)蝕損壞達(dá)嚙合面30%或深度達(dá)原齒厚的10%時(shí)。
（3）起升機(jī)構(gòu)每一級(jí)嚙合齒輪磨損達(dá)原齒厚的10%，其他嚙合級(jí)達(dá)原齒厚的20%時(shí)應(yīng)報(bào)廢：其他機(jī)構(gòu)第一級(jí)嚙合齒輪原齒厚磨損達(dá)15%，其他嚙合級(jí)齒厚磨損達(dá)原齒厚的25%時(shí)應(yīng)報(bào)廢；開式齒輪傳動(dòng)中的齒輪齒厚磨損達(dá)原齒厚的30%時(shí)，該齒輪報(bào)廢。
（4）減速器殼體嚴(yán)重變形、裂紋，且無修復(fù)價(jià)值時(shí)，該件報(bào)廢。
八、聯(lián)軸器
1、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)中的聯(lián)軸器徑向跳動(dòng)或端面跳動(dòng)是否超出極限。
2、聯(lián)軸器與被連接件間的鍵有無松動(dòng)、變形或出槽；鍵槽有無裂痕和變形，有無滾鍵。用承剪螺栓連接的聯(lián)軸器，其螺栓有無松動(dòng)、脫落和折斷，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)上述情況時(shí)，應(yīng)停機(jī)處理。
3、帶有潤滑裝置的聯(lián)軸器的密封裝置應(yīng)完好。
4、齒輪聯(lián)軸器有裂痕、斷齒或起升機(jī)構(gòu)和非平衡變幅機(jī)構(gòu)齒輪齒厚磨損量達(dá)原齒厚的15%，其他機(jī)構(gòu)齒輪齒厚磨損量達(dá)原齒厚的20%，聯(lián)軸器不能再使用。
5、起升機(jī)構(gòu)使用的制動(dòng)輪聯(lián)軸器，應(yīng)加設(shè)隔熱墊。
九、制動(dòng)器
1、制動(dòng)器架各鉸接點(diǎn)經(jīng)磨損造成松曠，導(dǎo)致無效行程超過抽動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置工作行程的10%時(shí)，應(yīng)對(duì)各鉸接點(diǎn)進(jìn)行修理。
2、各鉸鏈處的銷軸，其直徑超過原直徑的5%或橢圓度超過0.5mm時(shí)，均應(yīng)更換銷軸。更換時(shí)，應(yīng)修整銷軸孔，恢復(fù)圓度，然后根據(jù)孔徑配制新的銷軸。軸孔直徑磨損超過原直徑5%時(shí)，也應(yīng)重新修整軸孔，配制新的銷軸。
3、制動(dòng)瓦塊上摩擦片的磨損超過原厚度的50%，或有缺損和裂紋時(shí)，應(yīng)報(bào)廢更換新的摩擦片。更換時(shí)，鉚釘埋入制動(dòng)摩擦片的嘗試應(yīng)超過原厚度的1/2。
4、制動(dòng)裝置的零件出現(xiàn)裂紋時(shí)應(yīng)報(bào)廢。
5、制動(dòng)彈簧出現(xiàn)塑性變形時(shí)應(yīng)更換。
6、起升機(jī)構(gòu)和變幅機(jī)構(gòu)的制動(dòng)輪，當(dāng)輪緣厚度磨損達(dá)原厚度的40%時(shí)，應(yīng)報(bào)廢。其他機(jī)構(gòu)的制動(dòng)輪，輪緣厚度磨損達(dá)原厚度的50%時(shí)，應(yīng)報(bào)廢。
7、制動(dòng)輪的軸孔與傳動(dòng)軸連接的鍵出現(xiàn)松動(dòng)時(shí)，應(yīng)更換抽動(dòng)輪和傳動(dòng)軸。
8、制動(dòng)輪凹凸不平度達(dá)1.5mm時(shí)，允許修理。修復(fù)后輪緣厚度應(yīng)符合上述第6條的要求時(shí)可繼續(xù)使用，否則應(yīng)報(bào)廢。
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