桔油分離機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),桔油分離機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),分離,設(shè)計(jì) 湘潭大學(xué)興湘學(xué)院 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）評(píng)閱表 學(xué)號(hào) 2008963035 姓名 劉業(yè)勤 專(zhuān)業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目： 桔油分離機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目 評(píng) 價(jià) 內(nèi) 容 選題 1.是否符合培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，體現(xiàn)學(xué)科、專(zhuān)業(yè)特點(diǎn)和教學(xué)計(jì)劃的基本要求，達(dá)到綜合訓(xùn)練的目的； 2.難度、份量是否適當(dāng)； 3.是否與生產(chǎn)、科研、社會(huì)等實(shí)際相結(jié)合。 能力 1.是否有查閱文獻(xiàn)、綜合歸納資料的能力； 2.是否有綜合運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力； 3.是否具備研究方案的設(shè)計(jì)能力、研究方法和手段的運(yùn)用能力； 4.是否具備一定的外文與計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用能力； 5.工科是否有經(jīng)濟(jì)分析能力。 論文 （設(shè)計(jì)）質(zhì)量 1.立論是否正確，論述是否充分，結(jié)構(gòu)是否嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)合理；實(shí)驗(yàn)是否正確，設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算、分析處理是否科學(xué)；技術(shù)用語(yǔ)是否準(zhǔn)確，符號(hào)是否統(tǒng)一，圖表圖紙是否完備、整潔、正確，引文是否規(guī)范； 2.文字是否通順，有無(wú)觀點(diǎn)提煉，綜合概括能力如何； 3.有無(wú)理論價(jià)值或?qū)嶋H應(yīng)用價(jià)值，有無(wú)創(chuàng)新之處。 綜 合 評(píng) 價(jià) 本設(shè)計(jì)選題綜合性較好，基本符合機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)和要求；題目難度適中，與工業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際結(jié)合較緊密。該生具有一定的查閱文獻(xiàn)和綜合歸納資料的能力，綜合應(yīng)用本科所學(xué)知識(shí)能力尚好；計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用能力較好，具有一定的英文水平及應(yīng)用能力。 論文立論正確，論述比較充分，整體結(jié)構(gòu)尚可；設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算較準(zhǔn)確，技術(shù)用語(yǔ)基本準(zhǔn)確，圖紙較齊全，引文規(guī)范。論文文字通順，該設(shè)計(jì)具有一定的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。同意參加答辨。 評(píng)閱人： 2012年5月24 日 湘潭大學(xué)興湘學(xué)院 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）鑒定意見(jiàn) 學(xué)號(hào)： 姓名： 專(zhuān)業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)） 32 頁(yè) 圖 表 6 張 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目： 桔油分離機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 內(nèi)容提要： 本文以桔油分離機(jī)為題目，充分利用本科階段所學(xué)的機(jī)械制圖、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械自 造工藝學(xué)，結(jié)合所學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)，參考了大量文獻(xiàn)，總結(jié)了桔油分離機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史和意義。 介紹了桔油分離機(jī)的工作原理、分類(lèi)和特點(diǎn)。并結(jié)合自己所學(xué)機(jī)械方面的知識(shí)，完成了 桔油分離機(jī)各個(gè)主要零件包括傳動(dòng)軸、齒輪、軸承、立軸、聯(lián)軸器以及箱體部分的結(jié) 構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)計(jì)和各零件之間的裝配關(guān)系的設(shè)計(jì)。從理論上設(shè)計(jì)出了一臺(tái)桔油分離機(jī)，并 利用Auto CAD畫(huà)圖軟件，繪制了其裝配圖，各零件圖。通過(guò)圖書(shū)館外文資料庫(kù)，查找 了與桔油分離機(jī)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，同時(shí)翻譯了一篇外國(guó)文獻(xiàn)，并了解桔油分離機(jī)在國(guó)際上 的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和水品。 指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ) 該生基本上能按時(shí)獨(dú)立完成任務(wù)書(shū)中規(guī)定的任務(wù)，基本滿足教學(xué)要求。工作量飽滿。?；旧夏塥?dú)力查閱文獻(xiàn)，綜合歸納和分析問(wèn)題的能力較好。方案論證充分，設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 分析基本正確。翻譯較準(zhǔn)確，圖紙較齊全，圖面質(zhì)量符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)內(nèi)容正確，文字通順，格式規(guī)范。同意參加答辯，建議評(píng)定成績(jī)?yōu)椤爸械取薄? 指導(dǎo)教師： 2012年5 月22 日 答辯簡(jiǎn)要情況及評(píng)語(yǔ) 答辯小組組長(zhǎng)： 年 月 日 答辯委員會(huì)意見(jiàn) 答辯委員會(huì)主任： 年 月 日 performance , form 17 pressure comparing the performance of a double inlet cyclone with Powder Technology 145 (2004) operation. However, the increasing emphasis on environ- ment protection and gassolid separation is indicating that finer and finer particles must be removed. To meet this challenge, the improvement of cyclone geometry and per- formance is required rather than having to resort to alterna- tive units. Many researchers have contributed to large volume of work on improving the cyclone performance, by introducing new inlet design and operation variables. These include studies of testing a cyclonic fractionator for researchers, was developed, and the experimental study on addressing the effect of inlet type on cyclone performances was presented. 2. Experimental Three kinds of cyclone separators with various inlet geometries, including conventional tangential single inlet have became one of most important particle removal device that preferably is utilized in both engineering and process clean air by Lim et al. 6. In this paper, the new inlet type, which is different type of inlet from that used by former simplicity to fabricate, low cost to operate, and well adapt- ability to extremely harsh conditions, cyclone separators Keywords: Cyclone; Symmetrical spiral inlet; Collection efficiency; Pressure drop 1. Introduction Cyclone separators are widely used in the field of air pollution control and gassolid separation for aerosol sampling and industrial applications 1. Due to relative 2, developing a mathematic model to predict the collection efficiency of small cylindrical multiport cyclone by DeOtte 3, testing a multiple inlet cyclones based on Lapple type geometry by Moore and Mcfarland 4, designing and testing a respirable multiinlet cyclone sampler that minimize the orientation bias by Gautam and Streenath 5,and particle size and flow rate in this paper. Experimental result indicated that the symmetrical spiral inlet (SSI), especially CSSI inlet geometry, has effect on significantly increasing collection efficiency with insignificantly increasing pressure drop. In addition, the results of collection efficiency and pressure drop comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical model were also involved. Short communi Development of a symmetrical cyclone separator Bingtao Zhao * , Henggen Department of Environmental Engineering, Donghua University Received 28 October 2003; received in revised Available online Abstract Three cyclone separators with different inlet geometry were designed, direct symmetrical spiral inlet (DSSI), and a converging symmetrical performance characteristics, including the collection efficiency and sampling that used multiple inlet vanes by Wedding et al. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-21-62373718; fax: +86-21- 62373482. E-mail address: (B. Zhao). Shen, Yanming Kang No. 1882, Yanan Rd., Shanghai, Shanghai 200051, China 24 February 2004; accepted 3 June 2004 July 2004 which include a conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI), a spiral inlet (CSSI). The effects of inlet type on cyclone drop, were investigated and compared as a function of cation spiral inlet to improve 4750 (CTSI), direct symmetrical spiral inlet (DSSI), and converg- ing symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI), were manufactured and studied. The geometries and dimensions these cyclones are presented in Fig. 1 and Table 1. To examine the effects of inlet type, all other dimensions were designed to remain the same but only the inlet geometry. The pressure drops were measured between two pressure taps on the cyclone inlet and outlet tube by use of a digital by 0.151.15% and 0.402.40% in the tested velocity range. Fig. 4(a)(d) compares the grade collection efficiency of the cyclones with various inlet types at the flow rate of 3 Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of experimental system setup. B. Zhao et al. / Powder Technology 145 (2004) 475048 micromanometer (SINAP, DP1000-IIIC). The collection efficiency was calculated by the particle size distribution, by use of microparticle size analyzer (SPSI, LKY-2). Due to having the same symmetrical inlet in Model B or C, the flow rate of each inlet of multiple cyclone was equal to another and controlled by valve; two nozzle-type screw feeders were used in same operating conditions to disperse the particles with a concentration of 5.0 g/m 3 in inlet tube. The solid particles used were talcum powder obeyed by log-normal size distribution with skeletal density of 2700 kg/m 3 , mass mean diameter of 5.97 Am, and geometric deviation of 2.08. The mean atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature, and relative humidity during the tests were 99.93 kPa, 293 K, and less than 75%, respectively. 3. Results and discussion The experimental system setup is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of cyclones geometries: (a) conventional tangential single inlet, Model A; (b) direct symmetrical spiral inlet, Model B; (c) converging symmetrical spiral inlet, Model C. 3.1. Collection efficiency Fig. 3 shows the measured overall efficiencies of the cyclones as a function of flow rates or inlet velocities. It is usually expected that collection efficiency increase with the entrance velocity. However, the overall efficiency of the cyclone with symmetrical spiral inlet both Models B and C was always higher than the efficiency of the cyclone with conventional single inlet Model A at the same velocity; and especially, the cyclone with CSSI, Model C has a highest overall efficiency. These effects of improved inlet geometry contribute to the increase in overall efficiency of the cyclone Table 1 Dimensions of cyclones studied (unit: mm) DD e hH B Sab 300 150 450 1200 1125 150 150 60 388.34, 519.80, 653.67, and 772.62 m /h, with the inlet velocities of11.99, 16.04,20.18, and23.85m/s,respectively. As expected, the frictional efficiencies of all the cyclones are seen to increase with increase in particle size. The shapes of the grade collection efficiency curves of all models have a so-called S shape. The friction efficiencies of the DSSI (Model B) and CSSI cyclones (Model C) are greater by 210% and 520% than that for the CTSI cyclone (Model A), respectively. This indicates that the inlet type or geometry to the cyclone plays an important role in the collection efficiency. It was expected that particles introduced to the cyclone with symmetrical spiral inlet (Models B and C) would easily be collected on the cyclone wall because they only have to move a short distance, and especially, the CSSI (Model C) changes the particle concentration distribution and makes the particle preseparated from the gas before entering the main body of cyclone. Fig. 5 compares the experimental data at a flow rate of 653.67 m 3 /h (inlet velocity of 20.18 m/s) with existing classical theories 711. Apparently, the efficiency curves based on Mothes and Loffler model and Iozia and Leiths method match the experimental curves much closer than other theories do. This result corresponds with the study carried out by Dirgo and Leith 12 and Xiang et al. 13. Fig. 3. Overall efficiency of the cyclones at different inlet velocities. velocity B. Zhao et al. / Powder Technology 145 (2004) 4750 49 Fig. 4. Grade efficiency of the cyclones at different inlet velocities. (a) Inlet (d) Inlet velocity=23.85 m/s. The comparison show that some model can predict a theoretical result that closed the experimental data, but the changes of flow pattern and particle concentration distribu- tion induced by symmetrical spiral inlet having effects on cyclone performance were not taken into account adequately in developed theories. To examine the effects of the symmetrical spiral inlet on cyclone performance more clearly, Fig. 6 was prepared, depicting the 50% cut size for all models with varying the flow rate or inlet velocity. The 50% cut size of Models C and B are lower than that of Model A at the same inlet Fig. 5. Comparison of experimental grade efficiency with theories. =11.99 m/s. (b) Inlet velocity=16.04 m/s. (c) Inlet velocity=20.18 m/s. velocity. As the inlet velocity is decreased, the 50% cut size is approximately decreased linearly. With inlet velocity 20.18 m/s, for example, the decrease rate of 50% cut size is up to 9.88% for Model B and 24.62% for Model C. This indicated that the new inlet type can help to enhance the cyclone collection efficiency. 3.2. Pressure drop The pressure drop across cyclone is commonly expressed as a number gas inlet velocity heads DH named the pressure Fig. 6. The 50% cut size of the cyclones. inlet velocity are presented in Table 2. Obviously, higher pressure drop is associated with higher Barth 5.18 B. Zhao et al. / Powder Technology 145 (2004) 475050 flow rate for a given cyclone. However, specifying a flow rate or inlet velocity, the difference of pressure drop coef- ficient between Models B, C, and A is less significant, and varied between 5.21 and 5.76, with an average value 5.63, for Model B, 5.225.76, with an average value 5.67, for Model C, and 5.165.70, with an average value 5.55, for Model A, calculated by regression analysis. This is an important point because it is possible to increase the cyclone collection efficiency without increasing the pressure drop significantly. The experimental data of pressure drop were also compared with current theories 1420, and results are presented in Table 3. The results show that the model of Alexander and Barth provided the better fit to the experimental data, although for some cyclones the models of Shepherd and Lapple and Dirgo predicted equally well. 4. Conclusions A new kind of cyclone with symmetrical spiral inlet drop coefficient, which is the division of the pressure drop by inlet kinetic pressure q g m i 2 /2. The pressure drop coeffi- cient values for the three cyclones corresponding to different Table 2 Pressure drop coefficient of the cyclones Cyclone Inlet velocity (m/s) model 11.99 16.04 A 5.16 5.18 B 5.21 5.27 C 5.22 5.35 Table 3 Comparison of pressure drop coefficient with theories Theory Shepherd Alexander First Stairmand Value 6.40 5.62 6.18 5.01 (SSI) including DSSI and CSSI was developed, and the effects of these inlet types on cyclone performance were tested and compared. Experimental results show the overall efficiency the DSSI cyclone and CSSI is greater by 0.15 1.15% and 0.402.40% than that for CTSI cyclone, and the grade efficiency is greater by 210% and 520%. In addition, the pressure drop coefficient is 5.63 for DSSI cyclone, 5.67 for CSSI, and 5.55 for CTSI cyclone. Despite that the multiple inlet increases the complicity and the cost of the cyclone separators, the cyclones with SSI, especially CSSI, can yield a better collection efficiency, obviously with a minor increase in pressure drop. This presents the possi- bility of obtaining a better performance cyclone by means of improving its inlet geometry design. References 1 Y.F. Zhu, K.W. Lee, Experimental study on small cyclones operating at high flowrates, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 30 (10) (1999) 13031315. 2 J.B. Wedding, M.A. Weigand, T.A. Carney, A 10Am cutpoint inlet for the dichotomous sampler, Environ. Sci. Technol. 16 (1982) 602606. 3 R.E. DeOtte, A model for the prediction of the collection efficiency characteristics of a small, cylindrical aerosol sampling cyclone, Aero- sol Sci. Technol. 12 (1990) 10551066. 4 M.E. Moore, A.R. Mcfarland, Design methodology for multiple inlet cyclones, Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 (1996) 271276. 5 M. Gautam, A. Streenath, Performance of a respirable multi-inlet cyclone sampler, J. Aerosol Sci. 28 (7) (1997) 12651281. 6 K.S. Lim, S.B. Kwon, K.W. Lee, Characteristics of the collection efficiency for a double inlet cyclone with clean air, J. Aerosol Sci. 34 (2003) 10851095. 7 D. Leith, W. Licht, The collection efficiency of cyclone type particle collectors: a new theoretical approach, AIChE Symp. Ser. 68 (126) (1972) 196206. 8 P.W. Dietz, Collection efficiency of cyclone separators, AIChE J. 27 (6) (1981) 888892. 9 H. Mothes, F. Loffler, Prediction of particle removal in cyclone sepa- rators, Int. Chem. Eng. 28 (2) (1988) 231240. 10 D.L. Iozia, D. Leith, The logistic function and cyclone fractional efficiency, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12 (1990) 598606. 11 R. Clift, M. Ghadiri, A.C. Hoffman, A critique of two models for cyclone performance, AI ChE J. 37 (1991) 285289. 12 J. Dirgo, D. Leith, Cyclone collection efficiency: comparison of ex- perimental results with theoretical predictions, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 4 (1985) 401415. 13 R.B. Xiang, S.H. Park, K.W. Lee, Effects of dimension on cyclone performance, J. Aerosol Sci. 32 (2001) 549561. 14 C.B. Shepherd, C.E. Lapple, Flow pattern and pressure drop in cy- 20.18 23.85 average 5.45 5.70 5.55 5.57 5.76 5.63 5.67 5.76 5.67 Casal Dirgo Model A Model B Model C 7.85 4.85 5.55 5.63 5.67 clone dust collectors: cyclone without inlet vane, Ind. Eng. Chem. 32 (1940) 12461256. 15 R.M. Alexander, Fundamentals of cyclone design and operation, Proc. Aust. Inst. Min. Met. (New Series) (1949) 152153, 202228. 16 M.W. First, Cyclone dust collector design, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. 49 (A) (1949) 127132. 17 C.J. Stairmand, Design and performance of cyclone separators, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 29 (1951) 356383. 18 W. Barth, Design and layout of the cyclone separator on the basis of new investigations, Brennst. Warme Kraft 8 (1956) 19. 19 J. Casal, J.M. Martinez-Bennet, A batter way to calculate cyclone pressure drop, Chem. Eng. 90 (3) (1983) 99100. 20 J. Dirgo, Relationship between cyclone dimensions and performance, Doctoral Thesis, Harvard University, USA, 1988.