四輪汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),四輪汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),汽車,轉(zhuǎn)向,機(jī)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì) 附 錄 General electric steering development at home and abroad Since the 1980s abroad in bus vigorously develop electric steering (EPS), has made considerable achievements in light, small cars, van widely used car, and every year with 300 million speed. With the plough in 2000 changhe automobile electric steering gear, van car installation in China's automobile redirector uncovers a new page in history. Due to its advantages of the steering clearly, is well received by customers welcome. First assembly of 200 electric steering trial car were soon snapped up. This years are increased production of installed electric steering car this year will reach SanWanLiuQianTai. Because the first domestic cars in the plough installed electric steering, drive the domestic electric steering develop these. To now had 10 colleges and 10 state-owned and private enterprises developing project or alone is expected to every year this product in China with 10 to 20 million speed development. Because of various aspects of electric to the study of investment, this product has come close to success, there have been some goods start loading test. In the auto electric steering product development embodies the characteristics of China's market economy competition, some colleges and enterprises, state, combine together, the private enterprise to battle the result of competition all aspects of accelerated development progress. Electric steering so called "precise steering", which is in automotive steering process, the steering gear according to different speeds, steering wheel rotation and screw accurate offers all kinds of driving the best conditions, this is steering in computer (ECU) control to realize. Electric steering gear is under computer control of electric current implementation of the size of the change control, the realization of different steering. So it can accurately realize people at different speeds, predefined turning Angle need different steering. The development of the electric steering is mainly for hydraulic steering solve pure the biggest problem, a high speed FaPiao steering wheel, which is a big problem for the vehicle steering stability. Hydraulic steering although solved the vehicle steering light sexual problems, but a high speed, steering wheel is too light it caused a pilot FaPiao feeling. New steering pump although can achieve high speed steering pump flow can be decreased, but a high speed does not guarantee the engines driving in high speed rotating pump also working conditions. So can't completely solve the problem FaPiao car at high speed. Electric steering system can control power motors, reduce a high speed increases to hand power steering, FaPiao problems and solve high-speed, and relatively low cost. But because of the motor power, torque and size limit, so many small cars and van for light car. With the new electric steering structure research and development, the future will gradually extended to senior cars and trucks. Due to the existing outfit electric steering gear market, future potential market also relatively broad; The steering gear with low cost and popular by auto makers will. 國內(nèi)外電動轉(zhuǎn)向發(fā)展概況 國外20 世紀(jì)80 年代以來在汽車上大力發(fā)展電動轉(zhuǎn)向（EPS），已經(jīng)取得相當(dāng)大的成果，在輕微型轎車、廂式車上得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，并且每年以300 萬臺的速度發(fā)展。隨著2000 年昌河汽車之北斗星廂式車安裝電動轉(zhuǎn)向器，掀開我國汽車轉(zhuǎn)向器歷史上新的一頁。由于它在轉(zhuǎn)向方面明顯的優(yōu)越性，很受廣大客戶歡迎。最初組裝的200 臺電動轉(zhuǎn)向試銷車很快被搶購一空。這幾年正逐年增加安裝電動轉(zhuǎn)向汽車的產(chǎn)量，今年將達(dá)到三萬六千臺。正是由于北斗星汽車在國內(nèi)首裝電動轉(zhuǎn)向，帶動了國內(nèi)電動轉(zhuǎn)向開發(fā)熱。到現(xiàn)在已有10 家大專院校和10 家國營和民營企業(yè)立項(xiàng)或獨(dú)自開發(fā)該種產(chǎn)品，預(yù)計(jì)我國每年會以10-20 萬臺速度發(fā)展。正是由于各方面電動轉(zhuǎn)向研究的大量投入，該產(chǎn)品已接近成功，已有一部分產(chǎn)品開始裝車調(diào)試。在汽車電動轉(zhuǎn)向產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)中充分體現(xiàn)了我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭的特點(diǎn)，一些大專院校和企業(yè)相結(jié)合，國營、民營企業(yè)齊上陣，這種各方面競爭的結(jié)果加快了開發(fā)的進(jìn)度。 電動轉(zhuǎn)向所以稱之為“精確轉(zhuǎn)向”，就是在汽車轉(zhuǎn)向過程中，該轉(zhuǎn)向器根據(jù)不同車速、方向盤轉(zhuǎn)動的快慢，準(zhǔn)確的提供各種行駛路況下的最佳轉(zhuǎn)向助力，這是在計(jì)算機(jī)（ECU）控制下實(shí)現(xiàn)的。電動轉(zhuǎn)向器是在計(jì)算機(jī)控制下實(shí)施對電機(jī)電流大小的變化控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的轉(zhuǎn)向助力。所以它能精確的實(shí)現(xiàn)人們預(yù)先設(shè)置在不同車速、不同轉(zhuǎn)彎角度所需要的轉(zhuǎn)向助力。 電動轉(zhuǎn)向的發(fā)展主要是針對解決純液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向的最大難題，高速行駛時方向盤發(fā)飄，這是汽車操縱穩(wěn)定性的一大課題。液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向雖然解決了汽車轉(zhuǎn)向輕便性問題，但高速行駛時方向盤太輕，就造成了駕駛員發(fā)飄的感覺。新型轉(zhuǎn)向油泵雖然可以作到高速轉(zhuǎn)向時油泵流量可以下降，但高速行駛時并不保證發(fā)動機(jī)驅(qū)動下的油泵亦處于高速轉(zhuǎn)動工況。因此不能徹底解決汽車高速行駛發(fā)飄的問題。電動轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)可通過控制助力電機(jī)，降低高速行駛時轉(zhuǎn)向助力，增大轉(zhuǎn)向手力，解決高速發(fā)飄問題，而且成本相對較低。但由于電機(jī)的功率、扭矩及尺寸的限制，故多用于輕微型轎車和廂式車。隨著新的電動轉(zhuǎn)向結(jié)構(gòu)研發(fā)，未來將逐步推廣到中高級轎車和卡車上。由于目前已有裝電動轉(zhuǎn)向器的市場，未來潛在的市場也較廣大；該種轉(zhuǎn)向器成本較低，必將受到汽車廠家的歡迎。 ４