旋轉(zhuǎn)式蜂窩煤成型機設(shè)計【油壓式蜂窩煤成型機】,油壓式蜂窩煤成型機,旋轉(zhuǎn)式蜂窩煤成型機設(shè)計【油壓式蜂窩煤成型機】,旋轉(zhuǎn),蜂窩煤,成型,設(shè)計,油壓 山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 第 17 頁 翻譯部分 英文原文 Scalable cantilevered Development of Coal 1. abstract Scalable cantilever loaded coal-mining conditions applicable to the Warehouse, the main increase Warehouse exploitation of resources recovery and reduce labor intensity of workers, to increase the safety and reliability of operations at the scene. Key words: scalable; Coal; Warehouse mining; recovery 2. Introduction With the extension of the mine length of service, increase productivity, the mine's remaining recoverable reserves will be gradually reduced, the market competitiveness will continue to decline. In our country there are many old state-owned mine due to depleting resources, production of convergence of tension, conflict and so difficult to replace mine, a decline in production, lower benefits, the operating difficulties of the situation. In order to increase production to mitigate pressure on the operators to extend the mine life, most coal mines has increased the corners of coal, coal-mining efforts. Against the mine in the coal mining corner, when the widespread use of coal-mining law of the Warehouse to the characteristics of Jincheng Coal Industry Group under the Technology Center at the actual needs, through research and development applicable to the Warehouse under the conditions of exploitation of scalable with cantilevered Coal, 3. With the structure of coal Scalable cantilever loaded coal mainly by the rack, cantilever, Rotary, walking, supporting fixed, carrying bodies, hydraulic systems and other parts of composition, its shape structure see Figure 1. 1 - the crane 2 - Doo- 3 - before the support of 4 - emulsion winch 5 - walking mechanism 6 - Rotating bodies 7 - control valve 8 - support after 9 - rack Figure 1 scalable with cantilevered structure of the coal – 3.1 rack Rack is loaded coal-bearing the main components, all components are installed in the rack. 3.2 cantilever Cantilevered from an arm, two arms, three-arm, two-cylinder telescopic emulsion composition, and between the turret connected with Pin. As three-arm nested in the two arms, two nested in one arm arm, stretching emulsion in the secondary role of the cylinder, the cantilever stretching movements can be realized, stretching capacity of 3 670mm ~ 8 270mm. On the other hand, two fixed rotating platform of change in the role of Jack, the cantilever can achieve take-off and landing movements, lifting capacity of: 1360 mm ~ 5 000mm. 3.3 Rotary agencies Rotating bodies from the turret and fixed rack in the lower side of the two rotary jack in the rotating platform equipped with cantilever, winch and other parts of the emulsion. Rotary jack in the drive, the turret driven cantilever to do about the direction of rotation, left and right direction of the swing angle can reach 45 °. 3.4 loading mechanism Emulsion carrying bodies from the winch and rake bucket component. Emulsion winch 2 Taiwan, one for heavy use, another Taiwan for a light-load; characterized by the emulsion motor powered motor rated pressure of 12. 5M Pa, traction 1.0-2.0 speed, traction 10 kN ~ 20 kN. Trailing bucket volume is 0.5 cubic meters of coal loaded containers from the emulsion winch drag achieve reciprocating movement, thus completing the coal loaded with coal movements. 3.5 Support fixed institutions Support institutions fixed by the former support, and stabilize the column and Baojin device components. Charging for work, installed on the rack by the front of the former roadway in support of support on the floor, installed in the rear of the rack-supporting stability in the tunnel roof, installed in the rack below the fuselage will be installed Baojin And the chute together to ensure that the fuselage will not move around and dumping. 3.6 operating agencies Institutions run by walking the track and chute walking institutions. Walk the track body is designed for ease of transport machinery, to gauge the track for 600 mm. Chute body is to facilitate the running machine at work on the mobile chute designed. Charging machines at work, riding on the 40 t Liuzi the chute, the bucket will face rake with the loaded coal chute, Liu Zi will Meiyun to face. Chute run institutions from operating motor, take the initiative to round, driven round component. Walk through a gear motor slowdown will force the initiative passed round, thus realizing the machine forward and backward. The work pressure of motor running 12. 5M Pa. 3.7 hydraulic system Hydraulic valve block from the hydraulic system, hydraulic piping and other components, cantilever stretching, lifting, rotating, the machine running, the winch, and so on are positive and hydraulic valve block to control. 4. Charging for the work process Scalable cantilever loaded coal principle of the work shown in Figure 2. As with coal at work to be powered by the emulsion medium, it also needs pumping stations equipped with a set of emulsion. Charging the work carried out before commencement emulsion pumping station will be installed near the coal-to-door opened on the appropriate location, operation of the institutions supporting fixed machine fixed, and that is to start working with coal. Figure 2 scalable cantilever with the work principle of coal First of all cantilever will extend to the appropriate length and height, light-load operation of winch will rake bucket of coal Meidui pulled down with coal, and then operated heavy winch will rake will fight back loaded coal chute, it is so cycles, until Coal will Zhuangwan. The plane loaded with coal for the coal in front of the 8 270 mm, about 5 850 mm, height 4 500 mm. 5. Underground industrial test Scalable cantilever with the coal industry underground test in the Jincheng Coal Industry Group of Phoenix Mountain coal mine recovery, in 3314 South-face position, seam thickness of 6. 32 m, bulk density 1. 5 t?m 3, simple geological conditions, warehouses Lane section of the net 2. 2 m × 2. 4 m, a friction-plate girder supporting, not spontaneous combustion of coal and coal dust non-explosive. Face the way for the Warehouse mining exploitation. Warehouse is the so-called exploitation of mining in the region first excavation of a cut in warehouses and then in the face from the field open for the top pick, followed by a return to positions in the coal mining process: maintenance of the entrance of Long → Dayan → charge → Blasting back shelf → → → shrink from coal chute. For the top pick in the open after the bursting of air, the top area high pile of coal up to about 5 m, almost Pengzhe roof. As a high degree of high pile of coal, coal expense of working hours must be extended 6. Conclusion 1) scalable cantilever with coal as the cantilever function, so that no staff and no caving into the supporting areas, you can achieve with coal, greatly improving the safety; 2) by the winch, rake bucket with coal instead of the original artificial Huo coal, reducing the labor intensity of the workers; 3) loaded with coal coal scope than the original scope of Coal, increased resource recovery; 4) machines simple structure, easy operation and low cost, easy to promote; 5) machines in the cantilever landing, his walk, power winch, ropes and other aspects of roller inside remains to be perfect. 7. Other new equipment on the coal 7.1 ZMC-30-Hydraulic side dump with an overview of coal ZMC-30-Hydraulic side dump loaded coal rail line is tracked loading equipment, mainly for coal, coal-alley, can also be used for small section whole rock alley, with insertion of large, mobile, and full-face Operations, security, good performance, such as the use of a machine features in addition to loading operations, but also provide the impetus for the hydraulic drill, as supporting the work platform, complete face short-distance transport, undercover, the Qing help, can significantly improve tunneling Speed, a good comprehensive economic benefits. Technical details are as follows: technical bucket volume: 0.45 cubic meters; bucket height: 1 348 mm; rated contains important: 30 kN; unloading the largest high: 1 185 mm; largest undercover depth: 600 mm; climbing capacity: 16 ° The average ground pressure: 0.07 MPa; rated traction: 20 kN; minimum ground clearance: 180 mm; biggest walking speed: 0.417 m / s; plate tra 7.2 ZMC-30-Hydraulic side-loaded coal unloading equipment supporting the transformation of (achieving Liuzi, belt "loaded integration") As ZMC-30 type aircraft with the use of coal in underground places, narrow space, the tunnel roof and coal for constraint, loaded with coal in the process of coal needed Liuzi (see Figure 1), the use of roadway transport belt, Liu Zi each Classes should move forward first. If Liu Zi and the lap belt between handled properly, will directly affect the tunneling speed. After leading the mining area and the practice of engineering and technical personnel at the scene, Liu Zi will be the first fixed on the end of the belt, so as to form a whole, to achieve Liuzi belt loaded with the integration so that each class can smoothly shift the slip Figure 1 7.3 ZMC-30 side dump with the merits of coal (1) well-ventilated, mainly in coal Duct not be squeezed, dropped, and always maintain normal airflow, no gas gauge. (2) a large space, work environment, and always face up to allow Yicha guns of the coal, employees in the work of the safety factor increased substantially. (3) operational safety, workers can significantly reduce the labor intensity, loading feature strong, tracked walking into force, to achieve full-face loading, applicable to all sections of the EOC, ramps roadway construction, the roadway or in the larger cross-section of roadway intersection Construction, we can give full play to the characteristics of its high-tech productivity. (4) of the complex, and mobile and applicability, and other equipment in the roadway (such as bolt rig, drilling trucks, scraper conveyor, belt conveyors and mine car) supporting the use of. (5) the use of a machine is ZMC-30-Hydraulic side dump loaded coal is superior to other types of coal with the main characteristics: 1) available bucket lift heavy objects, such as supporting the use of metal stents, Margaret Fetus. 2) Lifting bucket after supporting the work could serve as platform for roof management. 3) may face short-distance transportation of materials, such as the backplane, gravel, moving small equipment. 4) for other equipment to provide high-pressure pumps, such as hydraulic powered drill bolt. 5) operational safety, can significantly reduce the risk of regional loading operations, moving material time. 6) the local excellent undercover, the performance will help the first-loading operations to achieve 100 per cent of the mechanized so that the "no-shovel" Face really become a reality. 7.4 on the existing problems (1) If the loaded coal cars and supporting direct use, will be bucket lift height restrictions, 3 t mine car on the roadway floor flat to a high degree of 1.4 m, the loaded coal unloading height of 1.185 m can not be used, To be re-targeted. (2) Cable drag protection issues, the aircraft operating in the process of dragging cables, the only person in the plane after a drag, there is no better way. (3) spray sprinklers, in handling the plane, not a random spray sprinkler dust supporting facilities, are currently only artificial rinse dust. (4) with the use of coal in the course of the operation of the plane found that poor people's attention, bucket raised at the block out light, the lamp voltage design unreasonable, the lamp is very fragile. (5) with coal in the course of operation at the scene and found the transport system must be open normally open to ensure normal production, otherwise affect production. 中文譯文 可伸縮懸臂式裝煤機的研制 1.摘要 可伸縮懸臂式裝煤機適用于倉房開采條件, 主要可以提高倉房開采的資源回收率, 減輕工人的勞動強度, 增加現(xiàn)場作業(yè)的安全可靠性。 關(guān)鍵詞：　可伸縮; 裝煤機; 倉房開采; 回收率 2.介紹 隨著礦井服務(wù)年限的延長, 生產(chǎn)能力的提高, 礦井的剩余可采儲量將逐漸減少, 市場競爭力將不斷下降。在我國有不少國有老礦由于資源枯竭、生產(chǎn)銜接緊張、礦井接替困難等矛盾, 出現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)量下降、效益降低、經(jīng)營困難的局面。為了提高產(chǎn)量, 緩減經(jīng)營壓力, 延長礦井使用壽命, 大部分煤礦加大了對邊角煤、煤柱的開采力度。針對各礦在開采邊角煤、煤柱時普遍使用的倉房開采法的特點, 晉城煤業(yè)集團技術(shù)中心根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實際需要, 經(jīng)過調(diào)查研究, 開發(fā)了適用于倉房開采條件下的可伸縮懸臂式裝煤機, 以提高倉房開采的資源回收率, 減輕工人的勞動強度, 增加現(xiàn)場作業(yè)的安全可靠性。 3.裝煤機的結(jié)構(gòu)組成 可伸縮懸臂式裝煤機主要由機架、懸臂、回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)、行走機構(gòu)、支撐固定機構(gòu)、裝載機構(gòu)、液壓系統(tǒng)等幾部分組成, 其外形結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1。 1—吊臂2—斗體3—前支撐4—乳化液絞車 5—行走機構(gòu)6—回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)7—操縱閥8—后支撐9—機架 圖1可伸縮懸臂式裝煤機結(jié)構(gòu)圖 3. 1機架 機架是裝煤機的主要承載部件, 所有部件都安裝于機架上。 3. 2懸臂 懸臂由一級臂、二級臂、三級臂、二級伸縮乳化液缸組成, 與回轉(zhuǎn)臺之間用銷軸相連。由于三級臂嵌套于二級臂內(nèi)、二級臂嵌套于一級臂內(nèi), 在二級伸縮乳化液缸的作用下, 懸臂可實現(xiàn)伸縮動作, 伸縮量為3 670mm～ 8 270mm。另一方面, 在兩根固定于回轉(zhuǎn)臺上的升降千斤頂?shù)淖饔孟? 懸臂可實現(xiàn)升降動作, 升降量為：1360 mm～ 5 000mm。 3. 3　回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu) 回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)由回轉(zhuǎn)臺與固定于機架下側(cè)的兩根回轉(zhuǎn)千斤頂組成, 在回轉(zhuǎn)臺上安裝有懸臂、乳化液絞車等部件。在回轉(zhuǎn)千斤頂?shù)尿?qū)動下, 回轉(zhuǎn)臺帶動懸臂做水平方向的左右轉(zhuǎn)動, 左、右方向的擺動角度均可達到45°。 3. 4　裝載機構(gòu) 裝載機構(gòu)由乳化液絞車與耙斗組成。乳化液絞車有2 臺, 1 臺作重載用, 另1 臺作輕載用; 其特點是由乳化液馬達提供動力, 馬達額定工作壓力12. 5M Pa, 牽引速度1.0-2.0, 牽引力10 kN～20 kN。耙斗是容積為0.5立方米 的裝煤容器, 由乳化液絞車拖動實現(xiàn)往復(fù)運動, 從而完成裝煤機的裝煤動作。 3. 5 支撐固定機構(gòu) 支撐固定機構(gòu)由前支撐、穩(wěn)柱及抱緊裝置組成。裝煤機工作時, 由安裝于機架前部的前支撐支撐在巷道底板上, 安裝于機架后部的穩(wěn)柱支撐在巷道頂板上, 安裝于機架下面的抱緊裝置將機身和溜槽連在一起, 保證機身不致前后移動和傾倒。 3. 6　行走機構(gòu) 行走機構(gòu)由軌道行走機構(gòu)和溜槽行走機構(gòu)組成。軌道行走機構(gòu)是為便于機器運輸設(shè)計的, 適用軌道軌距為600 mm。溜槽行走機構(gòu)是為便于機器工作時在溜槽上的移動而設(shè)計的。裝煤機在工作時騎在40 t 溜子的溜槽上, 用耙斗將工作面的煤裝上溜槽, 溜子將煤運出工作面。溜槽行走機構(gòu)由行走馬達、主動輪、從動輪組成。行走馬達通過一級齒輪減速, 將動力傳給主動輪, 從而實現(xiàn)機器的前進、后退。行走馬達的工作壓力12. 5M Pa。 3. 7　液壓系統(tǒng) 液壓系統(tǒng)由液壓閥組、液壓管路等組成, 懸臂的伸縮、升降、回轉(zhuǎn), 機器的行走, 絞車的正反轉(zhuǎn)等等都由液壓閥組來控制。 4.裝煤機的工作過程 可伸縮懸臂式裝煤機工作原理圖見圖2。由于裝煤機在工作時需由乳化液作動力介質(zhì), 故還需要配備一套乳化液泵站。進行裝煤工作前, 先啟動乳化液泵站, 將裝煤機開到靠近龍門口的合適位置, 操作支撐固定機構(gòu)把機器固定好, 即可以開始裝煤工作。 圖2　可伸縮懸臂式裝煤機工作原理圖 首先將懸臂伸出至合適長度和高度, 操作輕載絞車將耙斗拉到落煤煤堆裝煤, 然后再操作重載絞車將耙斗拉回將煤裝上溜槽, 就這樣循環(huán)往復(fù), 直至 將煤裝完。裝煤機的裝煤范圍為前方8 270 mm , 左右5 850 mm , 高度4 500 mm。 5.井下工業(yè)性試驗 可伸縮懸臂式裝煤機的井下工業(yè)性試驗在晉城煤業(yè)集團鳳凰山礦3314 南回收煤柱放倉工作面進行, 煤層厚度6. 32 m , 容重1. 5 t?m 3, 地質(zhì)條件簡單, 倉體巷凈斷面2. 2 m ×2. 4 m , 采用摩擦柱板梁支護, 煤層不自燃, 煤塵無爆炸性。工作面的回采方式為倉房開采。所謂倉房開采即是在采區(qū)內(nèi)先掘進一倉體切眼, 然后從工作面由里向外開幫挑頂, 依次回出倉體內(nèi)的煤, 回采工藝為: 維修龍門口→打眼→裝藥→回棚→爆破→出煤→縮溜槽。在開幫挑頂爆破后, 空頂區(qū)堆煤高度可達5 m左右, 幾乎碰著頂板。由于堆煤高度較高, 扒煤機工作時, 必須將吊臂伸起使吊臂頭靠近煤頂, 才可實現(xiàn)完全裝煤。在整個試驗過程中, 懸臂的伸縮和升降、回轉(zhuǎn)臺的左右回轉(zhuǎn)、絞車的運行、機器的前后行走等均很正常。但也存在一些問題, 主要是: 懸臂在降落時的輕微顫動、空載絞車動力不足、機器行走有時掉道、行走馬達漏液, 對這些問題都進行了及時處理。總之, 機器運行基本達到了設(shè)計要求。 6.結(jié)論 1) 可伸縮懸臂式裝煤機由于懸臂的作用, 使得工作人員無需進入放煤后無支護區(qū), 即可實現(xiàn)裝煤,大大提高了安全性; 2) 由絞車、耙斗裝煤代替原來的人工攉煤, 減輕了工人的勞動強度; 3) 裝煤機裝煤范圍比原來人工裝煤范圍大, 提高了資源回收率; 4) 機器結(jié)構(gòu)簡單, 操作方便, 成本低, 易推廣; 5) 機器在懸臂降落、自己行走、絞車動力、滾筒纏繩等方面仍有待完善。 7.其他新型裝煤機的介紹 7.1 ZMC- 30 型全液壓側(cè)卸式裝煤機的概況 ZMC- 30 型全液壓側(cè)卸式裝煤機是履帶式行軌裝載設(shè)備, 主要用于煤、半煤巷, 也可用于小斷面全巖巷,具有插入力大、機動性好、全斷面作業(yè)、安全性能好的一機多用等特點; 除裝載作業(yè)外還可為液壓鉆具提供動力, 充當支護時的工作平臺, 完成工作面短距離運輸、臥底、清幫, 可以顯著提高掘進速度, 取得良好的綜合經(jīng)濟效益。主要技術(shù)參數(shù)如下: 技術(shù)鏟斗容積:0.45立方米; 鏟斗高度: 1 348 mm; 額定載重要: 30 kN; 最大卸載高度: 1 185 mm; 最大臥底深度: 600 mm; 爬坡能力: 16°; 平均接地比壓: 0.07 MPa; 額定牽引力: 20 kN;最小離地間隙: 180 mm; 最大行走速度: 0.417 m/s; 履帶板寬度: 260 mm; 系統(tǒng)工作壓力: 16 MPa; 外接油口壓力: 16MPa; 外接油口流量: 52 L /min; 噪聲: 90db(A)。風扇電機功率: 0.75 kW; 油泵電機功率: 30 kW; 電壓:660 V, 外形尺寸: 3 935 mm ×1 348 mm ×2 046 mm;機重: 42 kN。 7.2 ZMC- 30 型全液壓側(cè)卸式裝煤機配套設(shè)備的改造( 實現(xiàn)溜子、皮帶“裝載一體化”) 由于ZMC- 30 型裝煤機的使用場所在井下, 空間狹小、受巷道頂板和煤幫所限, 裝煤機在裝煤過程中需用溜子( 見圖1) , 巷道運輸使用皮帶, 溜子每個班都要向前移動一次。如果溜子與皮帶的搭接關(guān)系處理不好,就會直接影響掘進速度。經(jīng)過礦區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和工程技術(shù)人員現(xiàn)場實踐, 將溜子頭固定在皮帶尾上, 使之形成一個整體, 實現(xiàn)溜子與皮帶裝載一體化; 這樣, 每個班就可以順利地移溜了。 圖1 7.3 ZMC- 30 側(cè)卸式裝煤機的優(yōu)點 (1) 通風良好, 主要表現(xiàn)在風筒不易被煤擠壓, 掉落, 始終保持風流正常, 瓦斯不超限。 (2) 空間大, 工作環(huán)境好, 工作面始終最多允許一茬炮的煤量, 員工在工作中安全系數(shù)大大提高。 (3) 作業(yè)安全, 能顯著減輕工人的勞動強度, 裝載功能強, 履帶行走插入力大, 實現(xiàn)全斷面裝載, 適用于各種斷面的平、斜巷道施工, 在較大斷面巷道或巷道交叉點施工時, 能充分發(fā)揮其高技術(shù)生產(chǎn)率的特點。 (4) 綜合配套性能好, 機動靈活, 適用性強,可以與巷道中的其他設(shè)備( 如錨桿鉆機、鉆車、刮板輸送機、帶式輸送機及礦車) 配套使用。 (5) 一機多用是ZMC- 30 型全液壓側(cè)卸式裝煤機優(yōu)于其他類型裝煤機的主要特點: 1) 可用鏟斗舉升重物, 如支護用的金屬支架、碹胎。2) 鏟斗舉升后可以充當支護工作平臺, 便于頂板管理。3) 可在工作面短距離運送物料, 如背板、砂石、搬動小型設(shè)備。4) 可為其他設(shè)備提供高壓油泵, 如為液壓錨桿鉆機提供動力。5) 作業(yè)安全, 可顯著減少在危險區(qū)內(nèi)的裝載作業(yè), 搬動物料時間。6) 本機優(yōu)異的臥底、清幫性能將首次實現(xiàn)裝載作業(yè)100%的機械化,使"無鍬"工作面真正成為現(xiàn)實。 7.4 現(xiàn)存有關(guān)問題 (1) 如果裝煤機直接與礦車配套用, 將受到鏟斗舉升高度的限制, 3 t 礦車上平面到巷道底板高度1.4m, 該裝煤機卸載高度為1.185 m 不能使用, 需重新配置。 (2) 電纜拖動防護問題, 該機在運行過程中將拖動電纜, 目前只能設(shè)專人在機后拖動, 尚未有更好的辦法。 (3) 噴霧灑水, 該機在裝卸時, 沒有隨機配套的噴霧灑水防塵設(shè)施, 目前只能人工沖洗降塵。 (4) 裝煤機在使用過程中, 發(fā)現(xiàn)該機的操作視線不好, 鏟斗舉起時遮擋光線, 燈泡電壓設(shè)計不合理, 燈泡十分易損。 (5) 裝煤機在現(xiàn)場操作過程中, 發(fā)現(xiàn)運輸系統(tǒng)必須暢通常開, 才能保證正常生產(chǎn), 否則影響生產(chǎn)。 致 謝 在為期三個月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計過程中，我的指導(dǎo)教師李建平教授給了我許多重要的參考意見和教誨，并定期和我們討論設(shè)計過程中遇到的困難，及時指出我們在設(shè)計中存在的問題和不足，幫助我們解決設(shè)計中遇到的困難，無論是總體方案的確定、論文的撰寫，還是圖紙的繪制，都凝聚了他大量的心血，在他的熱心幫助和教導(dǎo)下，我受益匪淺，并在這過程中學(xué)會怎么積極主動地完成自己的工作，這對于我以后的學(xué)習和工作都有很大的益處，在此，我衷心的向李老師致以誠摯的謝意。最后，感謝各位參閱教師在百忙之中給以評閱與指導(dǎo)。謝謝！