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1、Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesEnglish Song Abraham, Martin he was the youngest to die. 2. John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the thirty-fifth president of the US. In his Inaugural Address (就 職 演 說 )

2、he said: “Ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country.” As President, he took vigorous action in the cause of equal rights, calling for new civil rights legislation. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit

3、 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Dr. King was a pivotal (關(guān) 鍵 ) figure in the Civil Rights Movement. His lectures and dialogues stirred (激 起 ) the concern and sparked the conscience of a generation. In one of his speeches, he said, “I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they

4、will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that . one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with the little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a

5、dream today.”3. Martin Luther King Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Dr. King was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968. Dr. King was in Memphis to help

6、lead sanitation workers in a protest against low wages and intolerable working conditions. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesKennedy enforced a Federal court order admitting the first African American student Jam

7、es Meredith to the University of Mississippi. The riot (暴 動 ) that had followed Merediths registration (注 冊 ) had left two dead and hundreds injured. Robert Kennedy saw voting as the key4. Bobby Kennedy Bobby Kennedy or Robert F. Kennedy, was the brother of President John F. Kennedy. He was appointe

8、d attorney general (司 法 部 長 ) of the United States in the early 1960s. In September 1962, Attorney General Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroesto racial (種 族 的 ) justice (正 義 ) and collaborated (合 作 ) with Presiden

9、t Kennedy when he proposed the most far-reaching civil rights statute since Reconstruction, The Civil Rights Act of 1964, passed after President Kennedy was slain on November 22, 1963. Robert Francis Kennedy was slain on June 5, 1968 at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California. He was 42 year

10、s old. Although his life was cut short, Robert Kennedys vision and ideals live on today. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes1. What is an underground railroad in the normal sense?2. What is this underground railro

11、ad special for?3. Can you imagine what this railroad was built for?Text Prediction Read the introductory part of the text and think about the following questions. In 2004 a center in honor of the “underground railroad” opens in Cincinnati. The railroad was unusual. It sold no tickets and had no trai

12、ns. Yet it carried thousands of passengers to the destination of their dreams. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes4. What probably are the dreams of the passengers?5. What probably is the destination of their drea

13、ms?6. What is the text probably about? Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Map Reading Read the following three maps and answer the following questions. Click to see big picture. Supplementary ReadingAfter Reading

14、Detailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes1. Find the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia.2. Which states are most densely populated with slaves?Which p

15、art do these states belong to, the Northern States or the Southern States?3. Where did most slaves want to go? Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading D

16、etailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Hero

17、esTimeline of Slavery1619 Slaves in VirginiaAfricans brought to Jamestown are the first slaves imported into Britains North American colonies.1705 Slaves as PropertyDescribing slaves as real estate, Virginia lawmakers allowed owners to bequeath their slaves. The same law allowed masters to “kill and

18、 destroy” runaways. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes1775 American Revolution BeganBattles at the Massachusetts towns of Lexington and Concord on April 19 spark the war for American independence from Britain. 17

19、76 Declaration of IndependenceThe Continental Congress asserted “that these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States”. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes1783 American Revolution E

20、ndedBritain and the infant United States signed the Peace of Paris treaty. 1808 United States Banned Slave TradeImporting African slaves was outlawed, but smuggling continued. 1860 Abraham Lincoln ElectedAbraham Lincoln of Illinois became the first Republican to win the United States Presidency. Sup

21、plementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes18611865 United States Civil WarFour years of brutal conflict claimed 623,000 lives. 1863 The Emancipation ProclamationPresident Abraham Lincoln decreed that all slaves in rebel ter

22、ritory were free on January 1, 1863. 1865 Slavery AbolishedThe 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawed slavery. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes The Underground Railroad was not underground. B

23、ecause escaping slaves and the people who helped them were technically breaking the law, they had to stay out of sight. They went “underground” in terms of concealing their actions. Sometimes they even hid in unusual places. Many clever and creative ideas helped slaves during their escape. When abol

24、itionist (廢 奴 主 義 者 ) John Fairfield needed to sneak (偷 偷 摸 摸 地 進(jìn) 行 ) 28 slaves over the roads near Cincinnati, he hired a hearse (靈 車 ) and disguised the group as a funeral procession. The Underground Railroad1. General Information Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading De

25、tailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Henry “Box” Brown, a slave, had himself shipped from Richmond to Philadelphia in a wooden box. 2. Routes to Freedom The routes the slaves traveled appear in this map. The trip is 560 miles (900 kilometers) long. A strong, lucky runaway might ha

26、ve made it to freedom in two months. For others, especially in bad weather, the trek (跋 涉 ) might have lasted a year. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Re

27、ading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Righ

28、ts Heroes Uncle Toms Cabin, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, is one of the most famous and popular pieces of Civil War literature. Drawn from selected pieces of real life anecdotes, Uncle Toms Cabin was a book that drew many people into the fight over the institution of slavery. Northerners hailed

29、(歡 呼 ) the book, while southern slaveholders abhorred it. Uncle Toms Cabin Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesTrue or FalsePart Division of the Text Further Understanding Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Re

30、adingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesFurther UnderstandingText Analysis Questions and Answers Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesTrue or False1. Just like Uncle Tom in Uncle Toms Cabin, Josiah Henson was a long-suffering

31、slave who was unwilling to stand up for himself. FAccording to Barbara Carter, Josiah Henson was a man of principle and totally different from Uncle Tom. ( )2. All the men and women who forged the Underground Railroad were blacks. FSome whites were driven by religious convictions and took part in th

32、is movement. ( ) Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes3. These railroad conductors were frequently faced with death threats and warnings from the local government. T( )4. Many fugitives chose Canada as their primary destination beca

33、use slavery had been abolished there. T( ) Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Part Division of the TextParts Para(s) Main Ideas1 15 It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroa

34、d in the early civil-rights struggles in America.2 623 By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesQues

35、tions and AnswersUncle Tom was an enduring slave and unwilling to struggle for himself, while Josiah Henson did what he believed was right and took an active part in the anti-slavery movement.1. Both Josiah Henson and Uncle Tom were slaves. But in the eyes of Barbara Carter, they were different. In

36、what way was Josiah Henson different from Uncle Tom? Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesIn the Bible, Moses was the leader who brought the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and led them to the Promised Land. Just like Moses, Hens

37、on helped hundreds of slaves escape to Canada and liberty, so he was called an African-American Moses.2. Why was Henson called an African-American Moses?The Underground Railroad was a secret web of escape routes and safe houses. Many men and women, including both the blacks and whites, together forg

38、ed it.3. What was the Underground Railroad? Who forged it? Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesBecause most of them remain too little remembered and their exploits are still largely unsung.4. Why does the author want to tell the re

39、aders the stories of the heroes of the Underground Railroad? Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesText Analysis In this part, the author tells the stories of three civil-rights heroes. Who are they? Give the main idea of each story.

40、Stories Main Ideas1 After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves escape north to Canada to get freedom.Heroes Para(s) John Parker 610 Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesStories Main Ideas3 Supported

41、by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves escape at huge risk to himself.Heroes Para(s) Josiah Henson 1623 2 Levi Coffin 1115 By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free at last. Supplementary ReadingAfter Reading

42、Detailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes A gentle breeze swept the Canadian plains as I stepped outside the small two-story house. Alongside me was a slender woman in a black dress, my guide back to a time when the surrounding settlement in Dresden, Ontario, was home t

43、o a hero in American history. As we walked toward a plain gray church, Barbara Carter spokeproudly of her great-great-grandfather, Josiah Henson. “He was confident that the Creator intended all men to be created equal. And he never gave up struggling for that freedom.” THE FREEDOM GIVERSFergus M. Bo

44、rdewich Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Carters devotion to her ancestor is about more than personal pride: it is about family honor. For Josiah Henson has lived on through the character in American fiction that he helped insp

45、ire: Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin. Ironically, that character has come to symbolize everything Henson was not. A racial sellout unwilling to stand up for himself? Carter gets angry at the thought. “Josiah Henson was a man of principle,” she said firm

46、ly. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes I had traveled here to Hensons last home now a historic site that Carter formerly directed to learn more about a man who was, in many ways, an African-American Moses. After winning his own f

47、reedom from slavery, Henson secretly helped hundreds of other slaves to escape north to Canada and liberty. Many settled here in Dresden with him. Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged

48、 the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2

49、 Civil-Rights Heroes In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And its about time. For the heroes of the Undergroun

50、d Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes John Parker tensed when he heard the soft knock. Peering out his door into th

51、e night, he recognized the face of a trusted neighbor. “Theres a party of escaped slaves hiding in the woodsin Kentucky, twenty miles from the river,” the man whispered urgently. Parker didnt hesitate. “Ill go,” he said, pushing a pair of pistols into his pockets. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingD

52、etailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Born a slave two decades before, in the 1820s, Parker had been taken from his mother at age eight and forced to walk in chains from Virginia to Alabama, where he was sold on the slave market. Determined to live free someday, he m

53、anaged to get trained in iron molding. Eventually he saved enough money working at this trade on the side to buy his freedom. Now, by day, Parker worked in an iron foundry in the Ohio port of Ripley. By night he was a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, helping people slip by the slave hunters.

54、 In Kentucky, where he was now headed, there was a $1000 reward for his capture, dead or alive. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Crossing the Ohio River on that chilly night, Parker found ten fugitives frozen with fear. “Get yo

55、ur bundles and follow me,” he told them, leading the eight men and two women toward the river. They had almost reached shore Parker saw a small boat and, with a shout, pushed the escaping slaves into it. There was room for all but two. As the boat slid across the river, Parker watched helplessly as

56、the pursuers closed in around the men he was forced to leave behind. when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes The others made it to the Ohio shore, where Parker hurriedly a

57、rranged for a wagon to take them to the next “station” on the Underground Railroad the first leg of their journey to safety in Canada. Over the course of his life, John Parker guided more than 400 slaves to safety. While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences, whites

58、were commonly driven by religious convictions. Levi Coffin, a Quaker raised in North Carolina, explained, “The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry and clothe the naked, said nothing about color.” Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights H

59、eroes In the 1820s Coffin moved west to Newport (now Fountain City), Indiana, where he opened a store. Word spread that fleeing slaves could always find refuge at the Coffin home. At times he sheltered as many as 17 fugitives at once, and he kept a team and wagon ready to convey them on the next leg

60、 of their journey. Eventually three principal routes converged at the Coffin house, which came to be the Grand Central Terminal of the Underground Railroad. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes For his efforts, Coffin received freq

61、uent death threats and warnings that his store and home would be burned. Nearly every conductor faced similar risks or worse. In the North, a magistrate might have imposed a fine or a brief jail sentence for aiding those escaping. In the Southern states, whites were sentenced to months or even years

62、 in jail. One courageous Methodist minister, Calvin Fairbank, was imprisoned for more than 17 years in Kentucky, where he kept a log of his beatings: 35,105 stripes with the whip. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes As for the sla

63、ves, escape meant a journey of hundreds of miles through unknown country, where they were usually easy to recognize. With no road signs and few maps, they had to put their trust in directions passed by word of mouth and in secret signs nails driven into trees, for example that conductors used to mar

64、k the route north. Many slaves traveled under cover of night, their faces sometimes caked with white powder. Quakers often dressed their “passengers,” both male and female, in gray dresses, deep bonnets andd full veils. On one occasion, Levi Coffin was transporting so many runaway slaves that he dis

65、guised them as a funeral procession. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Canada was the primary destination for many fugitives. Slavery had been abolished there in 1833, and Canadian authorities encouraged the runaways to settle t

66、heir vast virgin land. Among them was Josiah Henson. As a boy in Maryland, Henson watched as his entire family was sold to different buyers, and he saw his mother harshly beaten when she tried to keep him with her. Making the best of his lot, Henson worked diligently and rose far in his owners regard. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Money problems eventually compelled his master to send Henson, his wife and children to a b