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1、 一般體（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He gets up at six in the morning. (習(xí)慣動(dòng)作)他每天早晨六點(diǎn)鐘起床。 He is always ready to help others. （現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)）他總是樂于助人。2.表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽從東方升起，從西方落下。 3.可用在由if， unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；由even if/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；由when， before， until/till， as soon as，

2、the moment 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；由no matter what/who/when/where/how 或whatever， whoever 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，這時(shí)主句往往表將來或主句是祈使句。 Whatever you say， I will not change my mind.無論你說什么，我都不會(huì)改變主意。 （二）一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用(或上下文語境有暗示)；用于表示過去的習(xí)慣；表達(dá)“原以為/本來認(rèn)為/原希望”等意義時(shí)，know,think,expect等動(dòng)詞常用一般過去時(shí)。 （湖南高考）In 1492, Columb

3、us landed on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. 1492年哥倫布登上了巴哈馬群島中的一個(gè)島嶼，但是他卻把它誤當(dāng)作是印度附近的一個(gè)島嶼。 I didnt expect to meet you here.我沒料到會(huì)在這里碰見你。 (三)一般將來時(shí)1. “will+動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或一種傾向。 Tom will come back next week.湯姆下周回來。 Fish will die without water.離開水，魚就會(huì)死。2.“be

4、 going to+動(dòng)詞原形”多用于口語中，表示“計(jì)劃、打算要做某事”，此外， be going to 還可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象，對(duì)未來進(jìn)行推測(cè)。 He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他計(jì)劃今晚發(fā)表電視講話。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看這烏云，要下雨了。3.“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示很快的將來，常譯成“正要，就要”。 The train is about to start.火車就要開了。4.有些動(dòng)詞如come, go, start, leave, begin, stay,

5、 arrive等?？捎眠M(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的事。 They are leaving for Nanjing tomorrow.他們明天去南京。 （一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還將持續(xù)下去）。表示從過去到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語有：during/in/over the last (past) few years (months，weeks)， in recent years, so far, up till now， since then, recently等。完成體 (2011陜西卷) His first novel has recei

6、ved good reviews since it came out last month.自上月出版以來，他的第一部小說受到好評(píng)。 In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.在過去幾年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 He has been busy writing a book recently. 最近他在忙著寫一本書。 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但其結(jié)果和影響延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。說話者的重心是過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。常用狀語already, yet, just, never, before

7、等。 He has turned off the light. （= The light is off now.）他關(guān)了燈。 The concert has started. (= The concert is on now.)音樂會(huì)開始了。 I have already seen the film. (= I know the film now.)我看過這部電影。 3.在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)以前已完成的動(dòng)作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.除非我親眼看到，否則我是不會(huì)相信你的。

8、Please dont get off the bus until it has stopped.車未停，請(qǐng)不要下車。 4.下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： It is (has been)一段時(shí)間since從句 This (That/It ) is the first (second.) time that完成時(shí) This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.這是我們?nèi)业谝淮蔚诫娪霸喝タ措娪啊?(二)過去完成時(shí)1.發(fā)生在過去某一動(dòng)作或時(shí)間之前的動(dòng)作，常用過去完成時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)即“過去的過

9、去”。時(shí)間狀語常用before或通過語境來表示。 （湖北高考） My mother was so proud of all that I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.我母親對(duì)我所做的一切感到非常驕傲，所以她獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)我去北京旅游。 2.表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始， 一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常用時(shí)間狀語by then， by the end of， by the time+句子， until， before+過去的時(shí)間等。 By the end of last year， another new cinema had b

10、een built in our city.到去年年底，我們城市又建了一個(gè)新電影院。 3.表示“一就”的幾個(gè)固定句型：Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had主語過去分詞when/than/before從句(一般過去時(shí))。 Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.我剛到家大雨就傾盆而下。 4.表示愿望、打算類的詞，如hope， expect， mean， intend， want， think等，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖等。 I had meant to help you， but I was too b

11、usy at the moment.我本打算幫助你，但當(dāng)時(shí)我太忙了。 I had intended to call on you yesterday， but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.我昨天本來要去看你的，但是剛要出門就有人來訪。 (三)將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)表示到將來某一時(shí)間，某一動(dòng)作將會(huì)完成，常用時(shí)間狀語by+將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間。 By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. 到明年這個(gè)時(shí)候，你們大家就都成大學(xué)生了

12、。 進(jìn)行體（一）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；或表示現(xiàn)階段時(shí)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃； go， come等表示起止動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。 Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.青少年們正在損害自己的健康，因?yàn)樗麄兓ㄌ鄷r(shí)間玩電腦游戲。 I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.事實(shí)上，我不在這兒上班，我只是來幫忙，直到

13、新秘書到崗（我就走）。 2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和always,constant,still等副詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒。 He is always thinking of others first. (表贊賞)他總是先為別人著想。 He is always making the same mistake. (表厭煩)他總是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。 （二）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。 Hey， look where you are going!嘿，看看你走哪兒去了！Oh， Im terribly sorry. I wasnt noticing.噢！非

14、常抱歉！我沒注意。 2.用于由when 或while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，表示過去某一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生時(shí)，另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生了或也正在發(fā)生。只有持續(xù)性動(dòng)作才能用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.當(dāng)沒人注意的時(shí)候，湯姆溜進(jìn)屋來。 The reporter said that the UFO was travelling east to west when he saw it.那位記者說，當(dāng)他看到時(shí)，不明飛行物正在自東向西飛行。 （三）將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者將來某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)常

15、與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用。這些常見的標(biāo)志性狀語有： at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，from. to. tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。 Daniels family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.丹尼爾全家在下個(gè)星期的這個(gè)時(shí)候正在黃山度假。 （四）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。 I have been learning English since three

16、years ago.三年前我就在學(xué)英語。(現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) The workers have been building the bridge for five months.工人們建造這座橋已經(jīng)5個(gè)月了。(現(xiàn)在還在修建) 2.表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，在說話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束。 Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere.你剛才去了哪里？我們一直在到處找你。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)（一）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成“be+過去分詞”，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，就是把be動(dòng)詞變成各種不同的形式。如：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)am/is/are+過去分

17、詞一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)was/were+過去分詞一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)will/shall be+過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)am/is/are being+過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)was/were being+過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)have/has been+過去分詞過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)had been+過去分詞將來完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)will/shall have been+過去分詞 .（二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：1.不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必要指明誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或需要突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身。如： George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go

18、 to their wedding?喬治和露西上周結(jié)婚了。你去參加婚禮了嗎？No, I hadnt been invited. Did they have a big wedding? 沒有，沒人邀請(qǐng)我?；槎Y很盛大嗎？ A new car factory will be built in our city.我們城市要新建一座汽車廠。 A new railway line is being built. 一條新鐵路線正在修建。 Millions of pounds worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the

19、north of England last night. 昨晚席卷英格蘭北部的暴風(fēng)雨已造成價(jià)值數(shù)百萬英鎊的損失。 2.與介詞合成的動(dòng)詞短語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要保留其介詞。 The old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常被人嘲笑。 Bad habits have been done away with. 壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改掉了。3.get過去分詞表被動(dòng)。 They got married last week.他們上周結(jié)婚了。 He fell and got hurt.他摔倒受傷了。 4.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義(1)系動(dòng)詞look， feel， sound， smell， ta

20、ste， seem， appear， go， prove， turn等形容詞/名詞。vIce feels cold. 冰摸上去涼。 His plan proved (to be) practical.他的計(jì)劃被證明符合實(shí)際。 (2)表示主語的某種屬性的詞：read， write， act， cut， draw， drive， sell， wash， clean， wear， open， cook， lock， look， shut等。 The books sell well.這些書很暢銷。 The door wont lock.門鎖不上。 This coat dries easily.這種外衣

21、容易干。 The plan worked out wonderfully.這計(jì)劃制定得很好。 The engine wont start. 引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不起來。 The pen writes smoothly. 這支鋼筆寫起來流暢。 .單句填空1.Most people who enjoy travelling believe that travel _ (benefit) not only our bodies but also our minds.【解析】句意：很多喜歡旅行的人認(rèn)為旅游的好處不僅有益于我們的身體,而且也有益于我們的思想。說的是客觀事實(shí)，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?1.benef

22、its2.The number of children who contracted colds and visited the hospital _(increased) in the county since last fall. 【解析】句意：自去年秋季以來，此縣患感冒兒童的數(shù)量和到醫(yī)院看醫(yī)生的人數(shù)增加了。句中有時(shí)間狀語since last fall,表示從去年秋天以來，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?.has increased 3.The number of deaths from cancer will be reduced greatly if people _(persuade)

23、to eat more fruits and vegetables.【解析】句意：如果能說服人們多吃水果和蔬菜，因癌癥死亡的人數(shù)將會(huì)大大減少。在條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。【答案】3.are persuaded4.The old train station, which is scheduled to stop operations next month, _(turn) into a museum of transportation history.【解析】句意：老火車站預(yù)期下個(gè)月停止運(yùn)營，屆時(shí)它將變成一個(gè)交通歷史博物館。從句意看，這是一個(gè)將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，且是被動(dòng)的，因此用將來被動(dòng)

24、語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?.will be turned 5.I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow. Im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I _(work) in my office.【解析】句意：我明天上午十點(diǎn)來參加你的講座。抱歉,那時(shí)我的演講已經(jīng)結(jié)束,我將在我的辦公室工作。句中有一個(gè)表示將來的具體時(shí)間，因此宜用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?.will be working6.By the time you _(complete) the essential training, y

25、ou will have been exposed to virtually every new feature of the course.【解析】句意：等到你完成了基本訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候,你就會(huì)接觸到課程的幾乎所有的新特性。前半句是時(shí)間狀語從句，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)，而主句是將來完成時(shí)不變?！敬鸢浮?.have completed 7.According to the report, this virus was never known, which _(claim) countless lives, until it was accidentally found by a doctor.

26、【解析】句意：據(jù)報(bào)道,這種曾奪去了無數(shù)人的生命的病毒一直不為人所知，知道被一個(gè)醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)。用過去完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞was never known之前?！敬鸢浮?.had claimed8.Customers are asked to make sure that they _(give) the right change before leaving the shop.【解析】句意：客戶被要求在他們離開商店之前要確保找給他們的錢是正確的。用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式，表示“零錢已被找付”。【答案】8.have been given 9.The last few years _(see)

27、many disasters in and out of China, from earthquake to drought.【解析】句意：在過去的幾年里，國內(nèi)外經(jīng)歷了從地震到干旱很多災(zāi)害。本句用的是擬人的手法，see 意同“experience, witness”；句中用了the last/past+時(shí)間名詞時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?.have seen10.When you are home, give a call to let me know you _(arrive) safely.【解析】句意：當(dāng)你回到家時(shí)打一個(gè)電話，讓我知道你已安全到達(dá)。When you

28、are home是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)；而主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。即：已到達(dá)?！敬鸢浮?0.have arrived 11.The truck whose engine was damaged yesterday _(repair) in the garage now.【解析】 “the truck”和“repair”之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，由句中的時(shí)間狀語“now”，可知要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?1.is being repaired12.With the powerful reform of educational system,

29、 the school where I studied _(change) their way of educating in recent years. 【解析】 “學(xué)校改變方式”是典型的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，所以采用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，談及近幾年里的變化，所以采用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。【答案】12.has changed 13.With tears in her eyes, the old teacher was greatly proud of all that her students _(contribute) to the hometown, the society and the country.【解析】主

30、句中謂語動(dòng)詞采用過去時(shí)態(tài)，學(xué)生所做的貢獻(xiàn)就采用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?3.had contributed14.What time is it now? I didnt notice it. Just a minute. I _(check) it for you.【解析】由于要求“稍等片刻”，“我?guī)湍憧纯础笔墙酉聛硪l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故使用一般將來時(shí)。【答案】14.will check 15.It was said on last nights TV that by then the deaths of the missing people _(confirm).【解析】句意：據(jù)昨晚電視新聞?wù)f，截止

31、到當(dāng)時(shí)，失蹤人員的死亡情況已得到證實(shí)。時(shí)間狀語為by then，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式?！敬鸢浮?5.had been confirmed16.Can you attend our group discussion in the third period tomorrow? Im afraid I cant. I _(write) an experiment report in the lab.【解析】依據(jù)題意可知是將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，且發(fā)生在明天的第三節(jié)課的時(shí)候。【答案】16. will be writing 17.We _(plan) to give the fresh flower

32、s to you for respect, but they said it didnt fit this occasion.【解析】根據(jù)下文but可知，沒有獻(xiàn)上鮮花，所以要理解為“本計(jì)劃”?！敬鸢浮?7.had planned18.We all know he was quite unhappy when he sold his guitar. Think of it. He _(keep) it for many ages.【解析】在賣掉吉他前，他保留了好多年，即“過去的過去”?！敬鸢浮?8.had kept 19.The Chinese government is confident t

33、hat the air, the drinking water, and the natural environment _(improve) by all citizens further efforts to reduce pollution.【解析】對(duì)未來空氣、飲用水和自然環(huán)境的改善有信心。所以要用將來時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，題干中further是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息詞?！敬鸢浮?9.will be improved20.Six hours has passed. The villagers are not back home. They _(search) all the corners for th

34、e missing child. 【解析】尋找持續(xù)了6個(gè)小時(shí)，現(xiàn)在還在到處尋找。所以采用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。【答案】20.have been searching 21.We were going to hold the English Singing Contest on schedule. However, we were told the art hall _(equip) with new devices.【解析】要用的藝術(shù)大廳正在安裝新的設(shè)備而不能使用?！敬鸢浮?1.was being equipped22.A fire broke out in the open market. Fortu

35、nately, no one _(kill) except a few wounded.【解析】陳述火災(zāi)事故中傷亡情況用一般過去時(shí)，由于kill是及物動(dòng)詞，所以此處采用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)形式?！敬鸢浮?2.was killed 23.He hopes to visit me tomorrow. But I will be busy. I would rather that he _(come) next week.【解析】要清楚would rather 后接從句時(shí)，涉及現(xiàn)在或未來的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。【答案】23.came24.Millions of pounds worth of damage _

36、(cause) by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.【解析】不要看見“l(fā)ast night”就用一般過去時(shí)，幾百萬英鎊的損失的造成，是站在今天的角度說的，所以要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。【答案】24.has been caused 25.I would have attended your birthday party last night but for the fact that it _(rain) all the time. 【解析】句意：昨晚如果不是因?yàn)橄掠晡揖蜁?huì)去參加你的生日聚會(huì)。前半句是對(duì)過去發(fā)生之事的虛擬

37、，后半句是陳述過去的一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)間狀語all the time, 因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性?！敬鸢浮?5.was raining26.China together with some Asian countries _(strike) by Typhoon Haiyan on November 8th, causing great damage and deaths.【解析】有具體的過去時(shí)間受到臺(tái)風(fēng)襲擊用一般過去時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?6. was stricken 27.About one fourth of the families in the city have privat

38、e cars and this number _(expect) to double in five years.【解析】句意：城市里大約四分之一家庭有私家車, 預(yù)計(jì)在五年內(nèi)這個(gè)數(shù)字將翻一番。主語是this number，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?7.is expected28.Dont be worried about it any longer. It is merely a storm in a teacup. Everyone _(forget) about it by tomorrows morning.【解析】句意：小事一樁，不要記掛，明早一起來，大家都

39、會(huì)忘掉的。由by tomorrows morning可知用將來完成時(shí)。【答案】28.will have forgotten 29.This is the most significant party that we _(attend) while we are studying in the town.【解析】句型It/This/That is+序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)+that從句，從句的謂語需采用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?9.have attended30.The young man, who _(admit) to the key university ever since decided to d

40、o some part-time jobs to pay for his fee.【解析】盡管有ever since，但由decided可知，被錄取則是“過去的過去”，需要采用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式?！敬鸢浮?0.had been admitted .單句改錯(cuò)（含本單元的詞匯和語法）1.I have worked in a foreign company in Shanghai for six years. Still, I dont regret giving up the well paid job and returning to my hometown.【解析】句意：我曾經(jīng)在上海的一家

41、外企工作了六年。不過,我不后悔放棄了高薪的工作回到我的家鄉(xiāng)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重的是過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，而前半句是關(guān)于過去的一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)?！敬鸢浮?.have worked2.How come your father can read books in German?Well, he had worked on a project with some German engineers for 3 years when he was young. 【解析】句意：你父親怎么會(huì)用德語閱讀? 他年輕時(shí)曾經(jīng)在一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中與一些德國工程師工作過3年。過去時(shí)表示過去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的一個(gè)客觀事情；而過去完成時(shí)表示過去某

42、動(dòng)作之前所發(fā)生的事情，即“過去的過去”。 【答案】2.had worked 3.While people may refer to Internet for up to the minute news, it is unlikely that Internet would replace the newspaper completely.【解析】句意:盡管人們可能上網(wǎng)尋找最新的新聞，但網(wǎng)絡(luò)完全取代報(bào)紙還是不可能的。根據(jù)題意可知，“網(wǎng)絡(luò)完全取代報(bào)紙”是設(shè)想將來的事情，是一種tendency,所以應(yīng)該用一般將來時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?.wouldwill4.Have you got any informat

43、ion about your missing dog from the police?No. I was waiting. The police say theyll let me know when there is any news.【解析】句意:你從警察那里獲得了任何關(guān)于那條丟失了的狗的信息嗎?還沒有。我在等待。警方說他們一有消息就會(huì)讓我知道的。從句意可知，回話者正在等待著，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 【答案】4.wasam 5.The actor still remembers the excitement in his class when a female classmate is ch

44、osen for a key role in a Zhang Yimou film.【解析】句意：這名演員仍然記得當(dāng)班上一位女同學(xué)被選為張藝謀電影的一個(gè)主角時(shí)全班的那種激動(dòng)之情。事情發(fā)生在過去，表示過去的一個(gè)客觀事情，用一般過去時(shí)。【答案】5.iswas 6.When can I get my car back? I think it will be finishing sometime later today. Give me a call around 3 oclock.【解析】句意：我什么時(shí)候能取回我的車?我想今天晚些時(shí)候會(huì)完工的。大約3點(diǎn)鐘給我打個(gè)電話看看。從句意看應(yīng)是將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)

45、語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?.finishingfinished 7.Many new workers are trained and in six months they will be sent to build a new railway.【解析】句意：許多新員工正在進(jìn)行為期六個(gè)月的訓(xùn)練，他們將被送去建設(shè)一條新鐵路。后半句是一個(gè)將來時(shí)，根據(jù)句意前半句宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式?！敬鸢浮?.are trained being8.The press conference, originally due to be held last week, is finally called off because

46、of the sudden war in the country.【解析】句意：原定于上周舉行的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)因?yàn)橥蝗坏膽?zhàn)爭(zhēng)而取消了。用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示一個(gè)客觀事情?！敬鸢浮?.iswas 9.Salley had left Beijing for Shanghai and has been working there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Hangzhou.【解析】句意：謝莉離開北京去了上海,此后就一直在那里工作。你可以在去杭州的路上去拜訪她?！半x開北京到上?！笔沁^去的動(dòng)作，而非“過去的過去”?！敬鸢浮?/p>

47、9.had left10.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.【解析】句意：偉大如牛頓,他的許多想法受到當(dāng)今科學(xué)家的挑戰(zhàn)和修正。challenge同ideas之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。句子表“當(dāng)年牛頓的許多想法受到了質(zhì)疑”之意?！敬鸢浮?0.have challenged been 11.Cruel experiments on human beings of this kind have bee

48、n conducted in several parts of China before the Second World War.【解析】二戰(zhàn)本是過去時(shí)間，而在此之前進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)，要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式?！敬鸢浮?1.havehad12.He has been back to Shanghai. He went to a town school of Gansu. He had taught there as a volunteer for three years.【解析】作為志愿者教書三年是發(fā)生在過去，是與went這個(gè)過去動(dòng)作并列的?！敬鸢浮?2.He had taught 13.Des

49、igning the one day gathering party was more time-consuming than we expected.【解析】主句的謂語是過去時(shí)，“expect（意料）”的動(dòng)作先于was，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?3. expected had14.It is demanded by the company that all the unqualified engines must be recalled within three weeks.【解析】本句受demand一詞意義和用法要求，其主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須使用 shoul

50、d+動(dòng)詞原形（美式英語中可以省略should）。由于召回不合格發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”，所以采用被動(dòng)形式?！敬鸢浮?4.mustshould/engines must be 15.In the past six days, the Prime Minister has been accumulated 200 or so speeches.【解析】總理的講話報(bào)告累積已經(jīng)達(dá)200場(chǎng)，主謂關(guān)系，不可以使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)?！敬鸢浮?5. has been accumulated 16.Last year, the foreign businessmen were benefited from the poli

51、cy issued throughout the mainland.【解析】 benefit的詞法： sb. benefit from sth.； sth. benefit sb.，所以，benefit一詞盡管有及物和不及物的詞性，但沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。【答案】16.businessmen were benefited from 17.When I first met my coach, I didnt like him at all, but I changed my mind now.【解析】由關(guān)鍵詞but可知前后兩句表示今昔對(duì)比。我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)改變看法了?！敬鸢浮?7. changed have1

52、8.Unluckily, the reading materials downloaded were sorted when the computer crashed.【解析】下載的閱讀材料正在被分類，這時(shí)，電腦突然死機(jī)了，所以要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式?！敬鸢浮?8. sorted being 19.Our parents often educate us that the great efforts we make will be repaying in some way later in life.【解析】努力得以回報(bào)，考查被動(dòng)形式。【答案】19.repayingrepaid20.We

53、have moved into a lab classroom for the moment, because our classroom is been painted. 【解析】教室正在上油漆，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式：be being done?！敬鸢浮?0.beenbeing 21.The new couple feel very excited at the thought that they will be flown to their honeymoon destination at this time tomorrow.【解析】句意：明天的這個(gè)時(shí)候他們正飛往蜜月目的地。用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：

54、will be doing sth.。【答案】21.flownflying22.I havent finished reading Jane Eyre. You cant expect, they are discussing their homework with me all the day and night.【解析】此時(shí)抱怨的是發(fā)生在過去的一天一晚，而且到說話時(shí)，我還沒有看完簡愛，所以應(yīng)該是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。【答案】22.arewere 23.This letter is be handed to the general in person, not later than 8 oclock

55、 tomorrow morning, you promise.【解析】句意：你得保證，這封信要當(dāng)面遞交給將軍,不能晚于明早8點(diǎn)。be to do sth.表示“要干什么，得干什么”。【答案】23.is be/iswill to24.Hello, Joe. How come it takes such a short time to get there? I havent spotted a place to park my car.【解析】句意明顯地說明Joe花了如此短的時(shí)間就到達(dá)了目的地，我卻還沒有找到停車的地方。【答案】24.takestook 25.What a surprise! I

56、never think that a parent would bring me green mangoes from Hainan.【解析】語境中，我沒有想到一個(gè)家長會(huì)從海南給我?guī)砬嗝⒐?。然而說話時(shí)已經(jīng)知道了，所以沒想到這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去?！敬鸢浮?5.thinkthought26.Had they not followed the advice from their parents at that time, they would have been cast their original dream.【解析】本句是一個(gè)含虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，他們就會(huì)拋棄他們最初的夢(mèng)想，是主謂賓的結(jié)構(gòu)?！?/p>

57、答案】26.have been cast 27.While driving home alone last night, I might have an accident, but I braked my car abruptly.【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成體形式表示的一種虛擬語氣?！敬鸢浮?7.have an had28.The foreign teacher has accustomed to the Chinese lifestyle, but he still doesnt like being served too warmly.【解析】固定表達(dá)：be/grow/get/become

58、 used to，be/grow/get/become accustomed to，在accustom后加oneself在語法上是說得通，但在此句中，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作而是強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。【答案】28.has been 29.They had hardly started out for the hometown when the rain was poured down.【解析】大雨傾盆而下，主謂關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮?9.the rain was poured down30.Since rockets were first sent into space in the 1950s, human beings have been left behind all sorts of things.【解析】句意：自從二十世紀(jì)五十年代火箭首次被送入太空以來，人類就一直（在太空中）丟下各種各樣的東西。人丟東西，是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)?！敬鸢浮?0.leftleaving