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1、 專題導(dǎo)讀真題典例新題預(yù)測(cè) 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答 說(shuō)明文也是閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題常見(jiàn)的體裁之一。把握說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明文的常見(jiàn)寫作順序有：時(shí)間順序(指先后順序)，空間順序(從局部到整體、從上到下、從內(nèi)到外)，邏輯順序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次)以及認(rèn)識(shí)順序(由此及彼、由淺入深、由具體到抽象、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì))。文章通常層次清晰，整體性強(qiáng)，易讀易懂。 返 回 目 錄 專題導(dǎo)讀 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答真題典例 2013湖南卷 “Lets talk”：the free advice proje

2、ctA few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice.A week or two later, I set up

3、 an interview with her and we discussed her project at length. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答真題典例 Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experiment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out

4、to people. Podell was astonished at the strong response.Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial. People learn from herbut she also learns from them. She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty h

5、eavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答真題典例 Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decisionmaking process.Sometimes, people walk a

6、round all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way. Podell simply tries to provide people with perspective.I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which woul

7、d be carried out by various volunteers across the city. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答真題典例 It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New Yorkwhere it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答真題典例 1In what way was Podell d

8、ifferent from other people in the park? (No more than 6 words)_2What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words)_3According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions? (No more than 6 words)_4How would Podell promote her project in New York? (No more than 15 words) _ 返

9、 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答真題典例 要點(diǎn)綜述 現(xiàn)代人大多非常繁忙，步行速度快，很難停下腳步來(lái)與人交流。但是Lisa Podell卻創(chuàng)立了一種“免費(fèi)建議工程”來(lái)傾聽(tīng)別人的心聲，給別人提出合理化的建議。1. She was giving free advice.信息查詢題?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)的直接理解和轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第一段最后一句破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容giving free advice轉(zhuǎn)換，并添加主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞。2. They expect her to listen and provide real answers. 信息查詢題?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)的直接理解和轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“t

10、hey expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.”將not onlybut also轉(zhuǎn)換成and即可。 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答真題典例 3. They should talk things out. 信息查詢題。考查細(xì)節(jié)的直接理解和轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第五段的“Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decisionmaking process.”直接轉(zhuǎn)換即可。4. She would promote

11、 it to each public space with the help of volunteers. 信息整合題?？疾樾畔⒌恼虾捅磉_(dá)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.”可直接將定語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞短語(yǔ)with the help of volunteers。 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) (一)Compa

12、nion planting is the idea that some kinds of plants can help each other grow. Plants that are compatible(能共存的) together generally have similar needs in terms of nutrients, soil and moisture levels.Advice about which plants are compatible is sometimes based more on tradition than proof. But experts s

13、ay there is evidence to support certain combinations. These can improve harvests, reduce disease and help with pest control by attracting helpful insects. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) For example, some kinds of bacteria take nitrogen(氮) from the air and make it into a form that plants can

14、use. The plants hold the nitrogen in their roots. Legumes are especially good at this nitrogenfixing. Then any crops that share the same space with the legumes can get the nitrogen easily. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) Beans and potatoes can also share territory well because their roots rea

15、ch different levels in the soil. Deeprooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower down in the soil, so they do not compete with plants with shallower roots. However, some plants placed together may harm each others development. For example, tomatoes dont like wet soil but watercress(西洋菜)

16、does, so you would probably want to keep them separated. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) Some kinds of produce should be kept apart even after being harvested. This is because of ethylene(乙烯) gas. Ethylene is a plant hormone that can cause some foods to ripen too quickly. Apples release ethyl

17、ene gas. Apricots, melons and tomatoes also release a lot of ethylene. Some vegetables are easily affected by ethylene, including asparagus(蘆筍), broccoli, cabbage and cucumbers. This risk of ripening too soon is why markets often separate high ethyleneproducing foods from those that are sensitive to

18、 the gas. But if you put an apple in a bag with a green banana, the ethylene from the apple will make the banana ready to eat sooner. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) 1For what reasons can some plants be compatible together？(No more than 14 words)_2Why can the crops planted with legumes togeth

19、er get the nitrogen easily? (No more than 12 words)_3Why dont deeprooted vegetables compete with plants with shallower roots? (No more than 15 words)_4How to reduce the risk of ripening too soon in markets? (No more than 14 words)_ 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) 解析 1. They generally have sim

20、ilar needs in terms of nutrients, soil and moisture levels. 根據(jù)第一段“Plants that are compatible(能共存的) together generally have similar needs in terms of nutrients, soil and moisture levels.”可判斷作答。2. Because legumes are especially good at this nitrogenfixing.根據(jù)第三段“Legumes are especially good at this nitr

21、ogenfixing. Then any crops that share the same space with the legumes can get the nitrogen easily.”可判斷作答。 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) 3. Because deeprooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower down in the soil.根據(jù)第四段“Deeprooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower d

22、own in the soil, so they do not compete with plants with shallower roots.”可判斷作答。4. By separating high ethyleneproducing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas. 根據(jù)第五段“This risk of ripening too soon is why markets often separate high ethyleneproducing foods from those that are sensitive to the

23、 gas.”可判斷作答。 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) (二)They say money doesnt grow on trees. But the strange phenomenon of old trees with coins embedded(嵌入) all over their bark has been spotted on trails from the Peak District to the Scottish Highlands in the UK.The coins are usually knocked into tre

24、e trunks using stones by passersby, who hope it will bring them good fortune. The tradition of making offerings to deities(神明) at wishing trees dates back to hundreds of years, but this combination of the manmade and the natural is far more rare. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) It used to be

25、believed that divine spirits(神靈) lived in trees, and they were often decorated with sweets and giftsas is still done today at Christmas.There are seven tree trunks with coins pushed into them in the beautiful village of Portmeirion, in Wales. Meurig Jones, a manager at the tourist destination, told

26、the BBC, “We had no idea why it was being done when we first noticed the tree trunk was being filled with coins. I did some detective work and discovered that trees were sometimes used as wishing trees. In Britain it dates back to the 1700sthere is one tree in Scotland somewhere which apparently has

27、 a florin(弗羅林幣) stuck into it.” 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) He said that a sick person could press a coin into a tree and his/her illness would go away.“If someone then takes the coin out though, its said that they then become ill. We havent publicized it at all; its just happened，” he ad

28、ded. “Its quite amazing really.”In Scotland, there is also a legend about a kissing tree. If a young man could drive a nail into a tree with one blow, he earned a kiss from his sweetheart. 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) 1Why do passersby want to knock coins into tree trunks？(No more than 9 w

29、ords )_2Why did people decorate trees with sweets and gifts in ancient times? (No more than 9 words)_3What would happen to a man if he took the coin out from the tree trunk? (No more than 5 words)_4According to a legend of Scotland, what would a young man do in order to get kissed by his sweetheart?

30、 (No more than 14 words)_ 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) 要點(diǎn)綜述 本文主要講述了在英國(guó)向樹(shù)干嵌入硬幣的方式仍然很受歡迎，這是一種向上帝表達(dá)自己的愿望的做法。1. Because they believe itll bring them good fortune. 根據(jù)第二段“The coins are usually knocked into tree trunks using stones by passersby, who hope it will bring them good fortune.”可判斷作答。2.

31、Because they believed divine spirits lived in trees. 根據(jù)第四段“It used to be believed that divine spirits(神靈) lived in trees, and they were often decorated with sweets and giftsas is still done today at Christmas.”可判斷作答。 返 回 目 錄 專 題 二 十 六 說(shuō) 明 文 型 閱 讀 簡(jiǎn) 答新 題預(yù)測(cè) 3. He would become ill. 根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“If someone t

32、hen takes the coin out though, its said that they then become ill.”可判斷作答。4. He would try to drive a nail into a tree with one blow. 根據(jù)最后一段“In Scotland, there is also a legend about a kissing tree. If a young man could drive a nail into a tree with one blow, he earned a kiss from his sweetheart.”可判斷作

33、答。 返 回 目 錄 備 用 習(xí) 題Chinese cuisine(菜肴) is widely known and enjoyed in the world. But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the Eastthe ancient custom of “tonic food”Tonic food is the

34、food which is consumed to improve ones wellbeing, or stave off sickness, particularly at times when one is more likely to fall ill. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesameoil hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would b

35、enefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. 返 回 目 錄 備 用 習(xí) 題In fact, some western theories of health are similar to the beliefs in Chinese tonic food, although each takes a different path towards the very same goal. Western medicine actually recommends

36、 some of the exact same ingredients that make up tonic foods. Sesame oil can provide lots of calories, and chicken meat is particularly high in protein. Any Western doctor should be happy to suggest such a Chinese dish after childbirth. 返 回 目 錄 備 用 習(xí) 題The elderly, weak, and young can also benefit gr

37、eatly from tonic foods, especially during the winter. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach, are seen as “hot”， while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radish, are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food o

38、ne should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individuals health. 返 回 目 錄 備 用 習(xí) 題“Warm” or “cool” tonic foods are strongly recommended. The choices for “warm” and “cool” foods range from simple sea cucumber to the delicacy of birds nest

39、 soup, depending on the individuals economic circumstances.The concept of tonic food is far from losing credibility, either with Westerners or practitioners of modern medicine. For example, up until two years ago, tonic foods were added to the meals served at a renowned hospital. 返 回 目 錄 備 用 習(xí) 題1. W

40、hat attitude do the young in the East hold towards “tonic food”？ (No more than 5 words)_2. Why are some Western theories of health considered similar to the Chinese beliefs in tonic food? (No more than 11 words) _3. List four factors deciding the amount of tonic food. (No more than 20 words)_4. What

41、 does the passage mainly talk about? (No more than 6 words)_ 返 回 目 錄 備 用 習(xí) 題解析1. They are increasingly ignoring it. 根據(jù)第一段“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the Eastthe ancien

42、t custom of tonic food”的提示可判斷作答。2. Because Western medicine recommends some ingredients that make up tonic foods. 根據(jù)第三段“Western medicine actually recommends some of the exact same ingredients that make up tonic foods.”的提示可判斷作答。 返 回 目 錄 備 用 習(xí) 題3. The time of the year, how the food is prepared, what i

43、t is prepared with, and the individuals health. 根據(jù)第四段“However, how much hot or cold food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individuals health.”的提示可判斷。4. Introduction about tonic food. / Knowledge about tonic food. 文章第一段引出話題“the ancient custom of tonic food”之后，從補(bǔ)品的作用、西方對(duì)補(bǔ)品的看法、補(bǔ)品食用量的確定等方面介紹補(bǔ)品。即全文中心是：關(guān)于補(bǔ)品的介紹。由此可推斷作答。