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1、選修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity 重點(diǎn)單詞1._adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的2. _n.手段；方法3. _ n.大多數(shù)；大半_ n.少數(shù)4. _ n.（政府的）部；（全體）牧師；牧師的職責(zé)5. _ n.苦難；困苦6. _vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉_ n.選擇；挑選；選擇7. _adj.聯(lián)邦制的；聯(lián)邦政府的8. _ n.（人口、貿(mào)易的）繁榮vi.處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期9. _ adj.人種的；種族的10. _n.戰(zhàn)勝某人 by/with a majority of以大多數(shù)(贏得) minority n.少數(shù) in the minority占少數(shù)(3) major i

2、n主修(1) (2) The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為吸煙有害健康。 Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are in the majority.委員中贊成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的占大多數(shù)。 溫馨提示:(1)單獨(dú)用做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)均可。The majority were/was against the plan.大多數(shù)人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(2)單獨(dú)用做主語(yǔ)，如果后面的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也

3、用復(fù)數(shù)。The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.昨天參加會(huì)議的大多數(shù)是學(xué)生。 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞The majority of the damage is easy to repair.這次的損失大部分容易補(bǔ)救。(3)The majority of elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850， it was a

4、lready a multicultural society. （教材P2）到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國(guó)聯(lián)邦第31個(gè)州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多種文化的社會(huì)了。2 elect to do sth.選擇/決定做某事 elect sb.to sth 把某人選入 elect sb.(to be)/as (the)+職務(wù) （職位、官銜做同位語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)前不加冠詞） 選某人作（2）election n. 選舉(1) First-year students may elect French, Spanish, or German.一年級(jí)學(xué)生可選修法語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)或德語(yǔ)。 She was elected

5、 to Parliament in 1978. 她于1978年入選議會(huì)。 Ronald Reagan was first elected President in 1980. 羅納德里根于1980年首次當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。 Purchasers can elect to pay in monthly installments. 購(gòu)買(mǎi)者可選擇逐月分期付款。 occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)It didnt occur to me that thered be a big festival on at the same time as my holiday. （教材P5）我沒(méi)想到我度假的同時(shí)那里剛好要慶祝一個(gè)盛

6、大的節(jié)日。3 sth. occurs to sb.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes ones mind . that-clause to do sth.It strikes sb. that-clause某人突然想起It occurs to sb. The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to her.她壓根沒(méi)想過(guò)自己可能會(huì)錯(cuò)。 I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.我正沿街尋

7、找停車(chē)點(diǎn)時(shí)，突然發(fā)生了事故。 When Babbage was working at Cambridge， a new idea occurred to him.在劍橋工作時(shí)，巴比奇想到了一個(gè)新主意。 It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.她突然覺(jué)得她應(yīng)該收養(yǎng)這個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的孩子。 indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.

8、（教材P7）試著用上面的表達(dá)表明你在認(rèn)真聽(tīng)同伴的講述。4(1)作“指出；指示”講時(shí)，后面經(jīng)常接名詞。(2)作“表明；象征”講時(shí)，后面可以接名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句，即“indicate + n./(that).”。 (3)indication n.暗示；表示；預(yù)兆 I asked him where the new school was and he indicated the road ahead.我問(wèn)他新校在哪里，他指給我前面那條路。 His attitude indicates that he is not very happy with what you are doing.他的態(tài)度暗示他對(duì)你的

9、所作所為很不高興。 He indicated his willingness with a nod of his head.他點(diǎn)頭表示愿意。 There is every indication of a change in the weather.各種跡象表明天氣很可能發(fā)生變化。 by means of. 用辦法；借助Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehist

10、oric times. （教材P2）科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些定居者是通過(guò)史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在過(guò)的大陸橋，跨過(guò)北極的白令海峽來(lái)到美國(guó)的。1學(xué)生用書(shū)見(jiàn)P188 by this means用這種方法by means of通過(guò)，用，借助于by any means 無(wú)論如何by on means決不，一點(diǎn)也不(放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序)by all means務(wù)必，不惜一切地；(用于交際英語(yǔ)表示同意)當(dāng)然可以，沒(méi)問(wèn)題 As is known to us , QQ is a useful means of communication.眾所周知，QQ是一種有用的通訊工具。 Every possible mean

11、s has been tried , but none worked.All possible means have been tried , but none worked.各種可能的辦法都嘗試了，但沒(méi)有一種奏效。 She could not speak , but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不會(huì)說(shuō)話，但她用手勢(shì)表達(dá)了她的愿望。 By no means am I satisfied with my present job.我對(duì)目前的工作一點(diǎn)也不滿意。 Can I use your car？ 我能用你的汽車(chē)嗎？ By all means.

12、 當(dāng)然可以。 take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺騙Its a 79 km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. （教材P8）這是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。2 take away拿走，使離開(kāi)；消除(病痛等)take down記下來(lái)；拆掉take for(錯(cuò))當(dāng)做；(誤)以為take off起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功take on呈現(xiàn)；雇用take over接收；接管；取代take up占去，占據(jù)；開(kāi)始；從事 This is the total cost of the holiday， taki

13、ng everything in.這是假期的全部費(fèi)用，一切都包括在內(nèi)。 He was homeless， so we took him in.他無(wú)家可歸，我們便收留了他。 The students find it easy to take in what you teach.學(xué)生們覺(jué)得你教的課容易領(lǐng)會(huì)。 My writing career took off when I discovered my own style.找到自己的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格后，我的寫(xiě)作事業(yè)開(kāi)始有起色了。 Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day.開(kāi)會(huì)和接電話占

14、用了一天中的大多數(shù)時(shí)間。 In the past few years， the village has taken on a new look.在過(guò)去的幾年，這個(gè)村莊呈現(xiàn)出了新面貌。 介詞in/of后接what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.（教材P2）最早一批人具體是在什么時(shí)候來(lái)到我們現(xiàn)在所知道的加利福尼亞地區(qū)的，誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不清楚。Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in mo

15、st parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. （教材P2）兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地區(qū)定居下來(lái)，而且還在我們現(xiàn)在稱之為美國(guó)的西北沿海地區(qū)住下來(lái)。1學(xué)生用書(shū)見(jiàn)P188 what在句中引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示所指的事（某物），意思相當(dāng)于the thing(s) that/which。what可用來(lái)引起主語(yǔ)從句；表語(yǔ)從句；或動(dòng)詞/介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 What he says is very reasonable .他說(shuō)的話很合理。 Thats wha

16、t I hope. 這是我所希望的。 As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作為朋友，我想告訴你我所聽(tīng)到的事情。 I dont care about money or about what people call position/what is called position.我不關(guān)心錢(qián)，也不關(guān)心人們所謂的地位。 They paid fifty percent of what were able to earn to the state.他們把他們所能掙的百分之五十付給了國(guó)家。 it is likely that. 很可能

17、However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. (教材P2)然而，土著美國(guó)人有可能在至少一萬(wàn)五千年前就在加利福尼亞生活著。2 .It is likely that.意為“是可能的”，本句式中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為that從句。likely可以用possible，probable來(lái)替換，只是probable可能性大些。此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為：sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能干某事，但在這一句型中不能用

18、possible或probable替換likely。 It is very likely that， in many schools， the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.在很多學(xué)校學(xué)生做作業(yè)的時(shí)間很可能比從前少。 It is likely that the weather will be fine.The weather is likely to be fine.天氣可能會(huì)很晴朗。 why 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句（This is why.）That is why today ove

19、r 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. (教材P2)這就是為什么今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。3 (1)This/That is why.為表語(yǔ)從句的常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“這/那就是為什么”，用來(lái)表示原因。(2)Thats because.意為“這是因?yàn)椤?，because從句表示原因。(3)The reason why.is/was that.意為“的原因是”，表語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because。即：當(dāng)主句中有reason或why時(shí)只可用that。 Thi

20、s is why it is possible to produce more food on the same amount of land.這就是為什么能夠在同樣多的土地上生產(chǎn)出更多食物的緣故。 Tom came late for the meeting. That was because he was ill.湯姆開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了，那是因?yàn)樗×恕?Tom was ill. That was why he came late for the meeting.湯姆病了，那就是他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的原因。 The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was th

21、at he was ill.湯姆開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的原因是他病了。 .品句填詞（用所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式或根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)一個(gè)合適的詞）1.Despite my friends warning against (take) in, despite everything Ive learned, I find that Im not only willing, but positively eager to buy that bridge she mentioned.【答案】1.being taken2.He was a tall, thin man who lived alone and (apparent) ha

22、d no family and no visitors, except for the Meals-on-Wheels guy twice a week. 【答案】 2 .apparently3.The 64-year-old unpopular leader has said he will hand over power to a younger generation, but he repeatedly resisted _(indicate) when that will occur. 【答案】3.indicating學(xué)生用書(shū)見(jiàn)P189 4.In this human world, t

23、hings all go by certain rules. Only by (grasp) these rules can we make reforms and create something new. 【答案】 4.grasping5.On December 16th Turkish aircraft bombed they said were Kurdish rebel positions deep northern Iraq. 【答案】 5.what6.Sometimes companies will ask you for a telephone interview before

24、 a face-to-face one. This is used to narrow down the number of (apply). 【答案】 6.applicants7.The study also reveals , despite the fact that more and more modern mothers go out to work, the burden of childcare still falls on themeven if their husband is not in work. 【答案】7.that 8.It is dangerous to driv

25、e with this condition, even though braking can be achieved, because only half the wheels _(brake). 【答案】 8.are being braked9.If you want to keep off the weight you lost, you must keep _ the new healthier eating and exercise habits. 【答案】 9.up10.John and his wife clashed on the question of _ they shoul

26、d have another child.【答案】 10.whether .單句改錯(cuò)1. One day it occurred to her that she couldn t avoid the problem, she might just as well try looking at it from a different angle.【答案】that 后加if2.You should apply to the job immediately, in person or by letter.【答案】tofor3. When he was at a loss, he was lucky

27、to hear a nice voice from a loud speaker announcing that his lost luggage were found. 【答案】 werewas 4.I have been out of touch with the old place for a great many year.【答案】yearyears5. Meanwhile, only about 9 percentage of all students feel optimistic about their jobs or career prospects. 【答案】 percent

28、age percent6. I realized I had to be team up with people who shared my goals and were willing to make them a reality. 【答案】去掉be7.Id like to work with whomever is honest and easy to get on with.【答案】whomeverwhoever 8. Beauty to her, as to all who have felt, lay not in the thing, but in which the things

29、 symbolized. 【答案】whichwhat9. Nowhere does his contribution be more obvious and his influence more strongly felt than in the world of dance.【答案】 doeswill/can10.A modern city has been set up in where was a wasteland ten years ago.【答案】wherewhat .課文語(yǔ)法填空 California is the 1. （three） largest state in the

30、USA but has the largest population. It has 2. （attraction） people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in 3. we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans 4. in California than in any other state. California was 5. by Spain and there is still a

31、strong Spanish 6. （influential） in the state. People began 7 . （settle） in California when gold was discovered there.Attracted by the climate and lifestyle, more and more people from different parts of the world have immigrated 8. California, including Asians, Africans, Americans and Europeans. third attractedwhat livingruledinfluencesettling/to settle to It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be9. great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups, but simply a 10. （mix） of many cultures. mixtureto