機(jī)電外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯--柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噴射系統(tǒng)【中文5860字】【中英文WORD】,中文5860字,中英文WORD,機(jī)電,外文,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),噴射,系統(tǒng),中文,5860,中英文,WORD 譯文標(biāo)題 柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噴射系統(tǒng) 原文標(biāo)題 Diesel engine injection system 作 者 Jeff Daniels? 譯 名 杰夫 丹尼斯 國 籍 美國 原文出處 Automotive Design Asia 摘要：柴油噴射壓力已提高到2000巴汽油直噴和壓電技術(shù)都變得越來越常見因?yàn)槿加凸┙o系統(tǒng)在不斷地改革。? 大約在過去的五年中汽車燃油供給技術(shù)發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)革命其中變化最大的是柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在直噴柴油機(jī)上運(yùn)用了共軌系統(tǒng)該系統(tǒng)安裝有壓電式噴油器現(xiàn)在正受到人們?cè)絹碓蕉嗟年P(guān)注。在汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)方面現(xiàn)在也有往直噴技術(shù)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)但這種趨勢(shì)逐漸趨緩而且并沒有都往這個(gè)方向發(fā)展也有其它新的技術(shù)諸如空氣引射技術(shù)但受材料方面的影響進(jìn)展也較緩慢。 關(guān)鍵詞：燃油供給系統(tǒng) 共軌系統(tǒng) 壓電式噴油器 Abstract: the fuel injection pressure has increased to 2000 bar gasoline direct injection and piezoelectric technology is becoming more common because of fuel supply system in constant reform. About in the past five years automotive fuel oil supply technology was a revolution is one of the biggest changes in diesel engine on the direct injection diesel engine using common rail system is the system equipped with piezoelectric injector is now more and more attention by people. In gasoline engine now has to the trend of the development of the direct injection technology but the trend is gradually slow and not toward this direction also have other new technology such as air ejector technology but also affected by the material aspects of the progress is relatively slow. Keywords: fuel oil supply system Common rail system Piezoelectric injectors 1噴射系統(tǒng)發(fā)展 任何燃油供給系統(tǒng)最基本的功能是向每個(gè)汽缸供給足夠的燃油通過這種方式與吸進(jìn)來的空氣混合并燃燒當(dāng)然燃燒得越完全越好。隨著對(duì)汽車排放要求的提高對(duì)該方面的更精確控制變得很有必要。燃油供給系統(tǒng)不僅要改變循環(huán)供油量同時(shí)要改變噴油正時(shí)和噴油位置。 在90年代中期化油器式的汽油機(jī)各項(xiàng)性能還能基本達(dá)到要求該技術(shù)是把然油和空氣在進(jìn)氣歧管前混合當(dāng)進(jìn)氣門打開后可然混合氣流經(jīng)進(jìn)氣歧管吸入氣缸但該技術(shù)在控制方面并不精確。之后化油器的大量改進(jìn)針對(duì)的目標(biāo)首先是完美地控制每個(gè)氣缸混合氣的濃度和量其次是克服系統(tǒng)高慣性的操空缺點(diǎn)再次是完成良好的混和與完全燃油燃燒。達(dá)到排放法規(guī)所規(guī)定的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要三元催化轉(zhuǎn)換器所以法規(guī)一出臺(tái)化油器變成為了歷史。有效的操作應(yīng)該是應(yīng)該是控制可然混合氣濃度即在大多數(shù)情況下把濃度控制在理論空燃比附近。結(jié)果燃油噴射變得強(qiáng)制性了。歐洲沒有采用美國早期的解決方法燃油在喉管噴射而是致力于開發(fā)在每個(gè)氣缸安裝一個(gè)噴油器的獨(dú)立噴射技術(shù)。所有噴油器同步工作技術(shù)在90年代早期較為普遍在配有優(yōu)化正時(shí)技術(shù)時(shí)但是和排放方面的有些要求必須大量采用該方法。 此后問題成為解決方法應(yīng)該向哪個(gè)技術(shù)方向發(fā)展。解決方案不斷出現(xiàn)燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性和低排放驅(qū)動(dòng)了歐洲排放法規(guī)向前邁進(jìn)。通過提高壓縮比來提高熱效率的任何解決方法只要排放達(dá)標(biāo)都被受視為可行的。從燃油系統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)看這將使汽油直噴技術(shù)推向關(guān)注前沿。該技術(shù)首先引起廣泛關(guān)注是在解決了使稀燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)高效率工作后使其在空然比圍501或者更稀的情況下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)。然而即使不用高壓縮比它涉及到對(duì)該系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜的控制程序作處理直噴技術(shù)也有兩個(gè)特殊優(yōu)點(diǎn)，燃油在汽缸中的蒸發(fā)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)使爆燃可能性提高的冷卻效果它使壓縮比提高至111或121或更高，另外缸內(nèi)燃油噴射的準(zhǔn)確性與現(xiàn)代所有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)漩渦以及氣流混和的類型有關(guān)此能力潛在地寫出了熱效率地提高。 柴油機(jī)的發(fā)展已有一百年多的歷史，其技術(shù)發(fā)展可分為三個(gè)階段。第一階段：20世紀(jì)20年代中期以德國Bosch公司為代表的機(jī)械式噴油系統(tǒng)代替了蓄壓式供油系統(tǒng)，這樣柴油機(jī)在車輛上的應(yīng)用就產(chǎn)生了。第二階段：50年代初廢氣渦輪增壓技術(shù)，奠定了它在該行業(yè)中的動(dòng)力裝置的基礎(chǔ)。第三個(gè)階段：80年代至今，現(xiàn)代微機(jī)作為電控單元的電控技術(shù)在柴油機(jī)上的應(yīng)用，就有了現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)汽車柴油機(jī)電控系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展，使柴油機(jī)在動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、排放及噪聲指標(biāo)等具有了強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。僅1993年統(tǒng)計(jì)，德國Bosch公司的電控分配泵和電控直列泵在市場(chǎng)上已超25萬臺(tái)，美國底特律柴油機(jī)公司DDEC電控泵噴嘴系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)了10萬多臺(tái)，還有日本一些公司生產(chǎn)的可變預(yù)行程的TICS直列泵已達(dá)2萬多臺(tái)，其中絕大部分是電控的。另外如美國Caterpillar公司、日本Nippon公司、德國Denso公司都進(jìn)行了共軌電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)研究，并相繼投入到生產(chǎn)中。到目前為止，各國已研制并生產(chǎn)各種柴油機(jī)電子控制系統(tǒng)，有力的緩解了當(dāng)前的世界性能源危機(jī)和汽車污染。一些汽車工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家的柴油機(jī)電控技術(shù)水平目前已相當(dāng)發(fā)達(dá)。 目前歐美國家中100％重型車、90％輕型車采用柴油機(jī)，歐洲的柴油轎車在轎車保有量中比例超過40％，新車產(chǎn)量比例超過50％。博世公司對(duì)中國市場(chǎng)的保守預(yù)測(cè)是，到2015年，柴油車所占比例能達(dá)到25％，而同樣到2015年據(jù)有些文章介紹在美國輕型車輛和轎車領(lǐng)域，柴油車的市場(chǎng)份額將提高到大約15％。 柴油機(jī)的電子控制技術(shù)大致可分為3個(gè)階段：（1）20世紀(jì)70年代的初始研發(fā)階段，此時(shí)電控主要用于發(fā)電機(jī)組用柴油機(jī)； （2）20世紀(jì)80年代為實(shí)用階段，發(fā)展了多種位置控制式和時(shí)間控制式電噴系統(tǒng)，被控量也由原來的一種發(fā)展為多種； （3）20世紀(jì)90年代至今為成熟階段，功能更為強(qiáng)大的電噴系統(tǒng)可以控制噴油量、噴油正時(shí)、噴油壓力以及噴油率。 1 Injection System Development Any fuel oil supply system is the most basic function is to supply enough fuel to each cylinder in through this way and the suction air mixing and combustion of course burning as completely as possible. Along with the increase of vehicle emission requirements of the more precise control of become very necessary. Fuel oil supply system should not only change the cycle oil at the same time to change the injection timing and fuel injection location. In the mid - 90 - s carburetor type gasoline engine performance also can achieve the basic requirements of the technology is the natural oil, and the air in front of the intake manifold combination as the inlet valve opens can however mixture flows through the intake manifold suction cylinder after but the technique in the aspect of control is not accurate. Carburetor after a lot of improvement in view of the target first is perfect to control each cylinder mixture high amount of concentration and the second is to overcome the system inertia operation point is once again available to complete a mixture of good and full fuel combustion. Reach the emission standard stipulated in the emission regulations need to ternary catalytic converters so regulations introduced a carburetor into to history. Effective operation should be should be control can be natural mixture concentration is in most cases the concentration near the theory air-fuel ratio control. The fuel injection has become mandatory. Europe did not adopt the early solution to the fuel in the throat spray but devoted to the development in each cylinder to install a fuel injector independent injection technology. All fuel injector synchronization technology in the early 90 s more common but when equipped with timing optimization technology and emissions of some requirements must be a lot by using this method. Since then to solve the problem which should be referred to the technology development direction. Solution appear constantly fuel economy and low emission driving forward the European emissions regulations. Through improving the thermal efficiency of the compression ratios to improve any solution as long as the emission standard is as feasible. From the fuel system point of view that will make gasoline direct injection technology to focus on cutting edge. The technology widely attention was first after solved make efficient lean combustion engine work in the empty but than the circumference of 501 or more thin cases, smooth operation. Even without a high compression ratio, however, it involves the control program of the system is a complex deal with direct injection technology also has two special advantages, evaporation of fuel in the cylinders explosion resulted from a possibility to improve the cooling effect of it to improve compression ratio by 111 or 121 or higher, and the accuracy of the fuel injection in cylinder with all modern vortex and air mixture in the engine on the type of the ability to potentially wrote to increase thermal efficiency. The development of diesel engine is more than 100 years old and its technical development can be divided into three stages. First stage: in the mid - 1920 - s represented by Germany Bosch company mechanical injection system to replace the accumulator type oil supply system, the application in vehicle diesel engine is generated. Phase two: exhaust turbo-charging technology in the early 1950s laid the foundation for its power plant in the industry. Third stage: since 80 s, modern microcomputer as electric control technology application in diesel engine electronic control unit (ECU), there will be a modern advanced the emergence and development of electric control system of automotive diesel engine, the diesel engine in performance, fuel economy, emissions and noise index has a strong competitive ability. Only in 1993, Germany Bosch company electric distribution pump and electric inline pump in the market has more than 250000 Taiwan, the United States Detroit diesel engine company DDEC electric pump nozzle system produced more than 100000 units, there are some Japanese company produces the variable in the process of the trip TICS inline pump has reached more than 20000, most of them are electronically controlled. Other companies such as Caterpillar, Nippon, Denso, and Denso, Germany, have conducted research on the common rail fuel injection system, which has been put into production. So far, countries have developed and produced various diesel electronic control systems, effectively alleviating the current world energy crisis and automobile pollution. The level of diesel electric control technology in some developed countries is now quite advanced. At present the home in the United States by 100%, 90% light vehicle diesel engine using heavy trucks, European diesel car in car ownership more than 40%, more than 50% new car production. Bosch's conservative forecast is for the Chinese market, in 2015, the proportion of diesel vehicles can reach 25%, and by 2015 according to some articles on the same light vehicles and passenger cars, in the United States market share of diesel will increase to about 15%. The electronic control technology of diesel engines can be divided into three stages: (1) the initial development phase of the 1970s, when the electric control was mainly used in diesel engines for generators. (2) in the 1980s, a variety of location-control and time-controlled electric spraying systems were developed for the practical stage, and the controlled quantity was also developed from one of the original ones. (3) in the 1990s, a more powerful electric system could control the flow of oil, timing, oil pressure and fuel injection. 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評(píng) 語 外文翻譯成績(jī)： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 注：1. 指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)譯文進(jìn)行評(píng)閱時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：①翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文參考文獻(xiàn)列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的參考文獻(xiàn)；②翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定數(shù)量（3 000字以上）；③譯文語言是否準(zhǔn)確、通順、具有參考價(jià)值。 2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。