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1、Tess of the DUrbervillesThomas Hardy (1840-1928)17112303 顧蓉 17112307 蔣愛家17112312 吳晶 Contents The Author Analysis on Characters Main Idea Plot of the Text Analysis on the Text Thomas Hardy(18401928) Thomas Hardy Life Works Theme rather all these shades together,” like “an almost standard woman.” a “s

2、tandard” story Tess Durbeyfield the changing role of the agricultural workers in England in the late nineteenth century financial constraints aristocracy in Tesss blood not quite up to the level of Alecs or Angels a symbol of unclear and unstable notions of class Alec dUrberville the nemesis and dow

3、nfall of Tesss life Alexander the Great Alexander Stoke-dUrbervillethe split character of his family divided duplicitous Alec dUrberville diabolical 殘忍的，惡魔的 The first part of his surname conjures associations with fiery energies, as in the stoking of a furnace or the flames of hell. He seduces her a

4、s the serpent in Genesis seduced Eve. Alec does not try to hide his bad qualities. “I suppose I am a bad fellowa damn bad fellow. I was born bad, and I have lived bad, and I shall die bad, in all probability. Alec dUrberville He represents a larger moral principle rather than a real individual man.

5、Like Satan, Alec symbolizes the base forces of life that drive a person away from moral perfection and greatness. Angel Clare a freethinking son born into the family of a provincial parson a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodness secularist 現(xiàn)世主義者，世俗主義者 work for the “honor and glory

6、 of man” a typical young nineteenth-century progressive He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. Angel Clare Angel is not quite of this world, but floats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. his love for Tess may be abstract Daughter of Nature or Demeter Angel

7、s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people. It is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life. Main Idea Tess comes from a farmers family, the Durbeyfields. She has lived a poor but peacef

8、ul life. they are descended from the DUrbervilles. the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, DUrbervilles. There she meets Alec DUrbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her. Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home, and gives birth to a baby who dies soon Tess has to leave h

9、ome and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire. They fall in love, but Angel abandon her. Main idea Alec DUrbervilles, the evil person appears again. He takes advantage of the Durbeyfields poverty and continues to tempt Tess. Angel Claire, who is remorseful for h

10、is mercilessness, comes back, but to find the cruel reality. After Angel leaves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him. Then she follows Angel and escape with him They manage to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge, where she is arrested. She is hanged later. The plot of Cha

11、pter LVIII Chapter LIX The last paragraph “Justice” was done, and the President of the Immortals (in Aeschylean phrase) had ended his sport with Tess. And the dUrberville knights and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing. The two speechless gazers bent themselves down to the earth, as if in prayer

12、, and remained there a long time, absolutely motionless: the flag continued to wave silently. As soon as they had strength they arose, joined hands again, and went on. “死刑”執(zhí)行了，用埃斯庫羅斯的話說，那個眾神之王對苔絲的戲弄也就結(jié)束了。德貝維爾家的騎士和夫人們在墳?zāi)估锾芍瑢@件事一無所知。那兩個一言不發(fā)的觀看的人，把身體躬到了地上，仿佛正在祈禱，他們就那樣躬著，過了好久好久，一動也不動。黑旗繼續(xù)不聲不響地在風(fēng)中飄著。他們等

13、到有了力氣，就站起來，又手拉著手往前走 I n t h e G r e e k t r a g e d i a n Aeschylus Prometheus Bound, Prometheus dared to steal fire from the gods for the benefit of men, thus improving human life, but he was punished by eternal agony sent by the president of the gods. Aeschyluss view of that divine justice was iro

14、nicjust as Hardys justice is placed in ironic quotation markssince it seemed deeply unjust to punish Prometheus so severely. Analysis Analysis However, compared with Prometheuss brave deed, Tesss suffering seems simply a game or “sport” . It is hard to know whether Tess has brought any benefits to a

15、nyone.In any case, Hardy hints that Tesss life may have a mythical and tragic importance like that of Prometheus, but it is up to us to judge how ironic this justice is, or what her lifes importance might be. Analysis Its tired and unimpassioned tone suggests the narrators weariness with the ways of

16、 the world, as if quite familiar with the fact that life always unfolds in this way. Nothing great is achieved by this finale: the two figures of Liza-Lu and Angel “went on” at the end, just as life itself will go on. Tragedy Society environment Law system Morality ethic Religion factor Themes Criti

17、cism of social conventions of Victorian England (ideas of social class as well as the sexual double standard) Naturalism as against the ache of modernism The injustice of existence; Men dominating women Naturalism Modernism is vague term referring to the art, poetry, literature, architecture, and ph

18、ilosophy of Europe and America in the early twentieth-century. In general, modernism is marked by the following characteristics: (1) the desire to break away from established traditions, (2) a quest to find fresh ways to view mans position or function in the universe, (3) experiments in form and sty

19、le, particularly with fragmentation-as opposed to the organic theories of literary unity appearing in the Romantic and Victorian periods. ModernismNaturalism is a literary movement seeking to depict life as accurately as possible, without artificial distortions of emotion, idealism, and literary con

20、vention. The school of thought is a product of post-Darwinian biology in the nineteenth century. It asserts that humanity is a higher order animal whose character and behavior are entirely determined by two kinds of forces, hereditary and environment. The individuals compulsive instincts toward sexuality, hunger, and accumulation of goods are inherited via genetic compulsion and the social and economic forces surrounding his or her upbringing. Naturalistic writers include Zola, Frank Norris, Stephen Crane, and Theodore Dreiser, who try to present their subjects with scientific objectivity