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1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀：第三冊(cè) UNIT 1010000字 　　 　　Alvin Toffler writes about the fact that technology is advancing much faster today than ever before in history. The symbols of technology are no longer factory smokestacks or assembly lines. As we are headed for the future,

2、the pace will quicken still further. 論文代寫(xiě) The Fantastic Spurt in Technology 畢業(yè)論文 A. Toffler 作文 /zuowen/ 　　To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line creat

3、ed by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of the horse collar in the middle ages led to major ch

4、anges in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical re

5、actions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast

6、furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic —— even sometimes essential. And the assembly line —— the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions —— is outdated. It is time for

7、 our symbols of technology to change —— to catch up with the quickening change in technology itself. 論文代寫(xiě) 　　This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available t

8、o man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour （mph）. It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. 論文代寫(xiě) 　　So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed

9、 limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less tan half that spe

10、ed. It was probably not until the 1880s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record. 　　It took only fifty-eight years, however, to go four times that fast, so that by 1938

11、men in airplanes were traveling at better than 400 mph. It took a mere twenty-year flick of time to double the limit again. And by the 1960s rocket plants approached speeds of 4,00 mph. and men in space capsules were circling the earth at 18,000 mph. 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　Whether we examine dista

12、nces traveled, altitudes reached, or minerals mined, the same accelerative trend is obvious. The pattern, here and in a thousand other statistical series, is absolutely clear and unmistakable. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our won times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt fo

13、rward. 論文代寫(xiě) 　　The reason for this is tat technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the

14、 creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the

15、 time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. 作文 /zuowen/ 　　Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90 percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being mad every day. These new ideas are put to work muc

16、h more quickly than ever before. The time between the first and second stages of the cycle —— between idea and application —— has been radically reduced. This is a striking difference between ourselves and our ancestors. It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors, but we have,

17、with the passage of time, invented all sorts of social device to hasten the process. 畢業(yè) 　　But if it takes less time to bring a new idea to the marketplace, it also takes less time for it to sweep through the society. For example, the refrigerator was introduced in the United States before 1920, y

18、et its peak production did not come until more than thirty years later. However, by 1950 —— in only a few years —— television had grown from a laboratory novelty to the biggest part of show business. So the interval between the second and third stages of the cycle —— between application and diffusio

19、n —— has likewise been cut, and the pace of diffusion is rising with astonishing speed. 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　The stepped-up pace of invention, application and diffusion, in turn, accelerates the whole cycle still further. For new machines or techniques are not merely a product, but a source, of

20、 fresh creative ideas. 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　NEW WORDS 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　fantastic 　　a. unbelievably large or great 極大的；難以置信的 畢業(yè)論文 　　spurt 　　n. a short sudden increase of activity, effort or speed; burst 猛增；突然加速；迸發(fā) 畢業(yè)論文 　　conjure 畢業(yè) 　　vt. cause （sth.） to appear in the

21、mind 喚起；使想起 畢業(yè) 　　smoky 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　a. giving out much smoke 　　mill 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　n. factory or workshop 論文代寫(xiě) 　　classic 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　a. typical 經(jīng)典的，典型的 　　representation 作文 /zuowen/ 　　n. sth. that represents 代表

22、 　　represent vt. 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　symbol 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　n. sign, mark, or object which represents a person, idea, value, etc. 象征 論文代寫(xiě) 　　inadequate 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　a. not adequate; insufficient 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　misleading 　　a. causing w

23、rong conclusions; causing mistakes 　　mislead vt. 畢業(yè)論文 　　invention 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　n. the act of inventing; sth. invented 畢業(yè)論文 　　horse collar 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　馬軛 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　agricultural 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　a. of agriculture 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kait

24、ibaogao/ 　　furnace 畢業(yè) 　　n. 熔爐，爐子 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　apply 作文 /zuowen/ 　　vt. put into use or operation 應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用 　　occur 　　vt. take place; happen 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　breed 　　vt. raise （esp. animals） 飼養(yǎng) 畢業(yè)論文 　　vote 　　n. 選票；選舉（權(quán)） 　　advanced

25、 　　a. far on in development; modern 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　blast 作文 /zuowen/ 　　n. 鼓風(fēng)；送風(fēng) 論文代寫(xiě) 　　blast furnace 　　鼓風(fēng)爐；高爐 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　electronics 　　n. 電子技術(shù)；電子學(xué) 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　surroundings 畢業(yè)論文 　　n. （used with a pl. v. ） everything around and abo

26、ut a place; conditions of life 環(huán)境 作文 /zuowen/ 　　characteristic 作文 /zuowen/ 　　a. showing the individual character 表示特性的 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　essential 　　a. necessary; most important 　　organization 作文 /zuowen/ 　　n. the act of organizing; an organized body or system 畢業(yè) 　　repe

27、titive 畢業(yè)論文 　　n. the act of organizing; an organized body or system 　　repetitive 　　a. of or characterized by the act of repeating 論文代寫(xiě) 　　repetition n. 作文 /zuowen/ 　　function 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　n. special duty （of a person） or purpose （of a thing） 職責(zé)，功能，作用 論文代寫(xiě) 　　outdat

28、ed 　　a. no longer in general use; old-fashioned 過(guò)時(shí)的 畢業(yè) 　　quicken 畢業(yè)論文 　　v. make or become quick（er） 作文 /zuowen/ 　　acceleration 論文代寫(xiě) 　　n. 加速 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　dramatize 畢業(yè) 　　vt. put into dramatic from; express or represent （sth.） in a dramatic or exaggerated way 畢業(yè)論文

29、 　　account 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　n. report or description 畢業(yè) 　　transportation 作文 /zuowen/ 　　n. the business of carrying people or goods from one place to another 運(yùn)輸 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　transport vt. 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　BC abbr. 論文代寫(xiě) 　　Before （ the birth of）

30、Christ 公元前 論文代寫(xiě) 　　available 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　a. capable of being got, obtained, used, etc. 可獲得的；可利用的 畢業(yè)論文 　　camel 　　n. 駱駝 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　caravan 畢業(yè) 　　n. （往返于沙漠地帶的）商隊(duì) 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　average 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　vt. have as an average 平均

31、為 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　per 畢業(yè)論文 　　prep. for each 每 　　mph 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　abbr. miles per hour 作文 /zuowen/ 　　chariot 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　n. two-wheeled carriage pulled by horses （古時(shí)）雙輪馬拉戰(zhàn)車(chē) 　　maximum 　　n. & a. （being） the largest number, amount, etc. 總結(jié)

32、大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　roughly 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　ad. about; more or less but not exactly 畢業(yè)論文 　　impressive 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　a. making a deep impression on the mind and feelings 給人深刻的印象的 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　exceed 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/ji

33、anli/ 　　vt. go or be beyond a limit, measure, or degree 超過(guò) 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　coach 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　n. large, old-fashioned, closed carriage pulled by horses 四輪大馬車(chē) 畢業(yè)論文 　　operate 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　v. （cause to ） work, be in action 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　mere 論文代寫(xiě)

34、 　　a. nothing more than 畢業(yè)論文 　　locomotive 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　a. railway engine 火車(chē)頭 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　race 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　n. main division of any living things; nation or tribe 屬；人種 　　airplane 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　n. 飛機(jī) 　　flick 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　n

35、. sudden, light blow or stroke; sudden short movement 輕彈；突然的輕快動(dòng)作 畢業(yè)論文 　　rocket 作文 /zuowen/ 　　n. 火箭 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　capsule 　　n. the part of a spaceship in which the pilots live and work and from which the engine is separate when the takeoff is completed 宇宙密封艙 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/

36、 　　altitude 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　n. 高，（尤指海拔）高度 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　mineral 畢業(yè) 　　n. 礦物，礦石 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　accelerative 論文代寫(xiě) 　　a. 加速的 畢業(yè) 　　trend 　　n. general direction; tendency 趨向；傾向 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　pattern 　　n. the way

37、in which sth. happens or develops 模式 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　statistical 論文代寫(xiě) 　　a. 統(tǒng)計(jì)的；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　unmistakable 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　a. clearly recognizable 　　innovation 　　n. the introduction of sth. new; new idea, method, or invention 革新；新方法 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　

38、stage 畢業(yè) 　　n. point, period or step in development 階段；時(shí)期 　　cycle 畢業(yè) 　　n. series of events taking place in a regularly repeated order 循環(huán)；周期 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　feasible 畢業(yè) 　　a. capable or being carried out or done; possible 可行的 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　diffus

39、ion 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　n. the act of spreading out （knowledge, etc.） widely 擴(kuò)散；傳播 論文代寫(xiě) 　　embody 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　vt. give form to express 體現(xiàn) 論文代寫(xiě) 　　generate 作文 /zuowen/ 　　vt. cause to exist or occur; produce 發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生 論文代寫(xiě) 　　shorten 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　v.

40、make or become shorter 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　scientific 　　a. of science; guided by the rules of science 　　radically 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　ad. fundamentally; essentially; extremely 論文代寫(xiě) 　　striking 作文 /zuowen/ 　　a. very noticeable; attracting attention 顯著的 開(kāi)題報(bào)

41、告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　ancestor 　　n. 祖先 　　marketplace 論文代寫(xiě) 　　n. square or open place in a town where a market is held 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　refrigerator 　　n. 冰箱 畢業(yè) 　　frige 　　n. refrigerator 　　peak 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　n. the highest point

42、 or level; the pointed top of a mountain or hill 頂峰；山峰 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　novelty 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　n. sth. new and unusual; innovation 新奇的事物 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　novel 畢業(yè) 　　a. 新穎的，新奇的 畢業(yè) 　　likewise 畢業(yè) 　　ad. in the same way 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　astonishing 作文 /zuow

43、en/ 　　a. very surprising; amazing 畢業(yè)論文 　　stepped-up 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　a. increased in size, speed, or extent 　　accelerate 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　v. （cause to） move faster 加速 畢業(yè)論文 　　PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS 畢業(yè) 　　conjure up 畢業(yè) 　　cause to appear as a picture in t

44、he mind 使聯(lián)想起 　　labo（u）r along 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　move slowly and with difficulty 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　go by 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　pass （ in place or time） 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　feed on 簡(jiǎn)歷大全 /html/jianli/ 　　（of animals） live on （food）; draw strength, support o

45、r satisfaction from 　　in turn 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　in proper sequence or succession 依次，輪流，轉(zhuǎn)而 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　put to work 　　apply 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 /html/lunwenzhidao/kaitibaogao/ 　　PROPER NAMES 　　Henry Ford 作文 /zuowen/ 　　亨利.福特 總結(jié)大全 /html/zongjie/ 　　Charlie Chaplin 思想?yún)R報(bào) /sixianghuibao/ 　　查利.卓別麟 　　Bessemer 　　貝西默（姓氏）