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1、 A Course in English Language Teaching Unit 8 Teaching vocabulary英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法教程課件08 Vocabulary is a weak area for many students,much“vocabulary instruction”ends up being handwriting practice.Without grammar very little can be conveyed;without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.When students travel,they don

2、t carry grammar books,they carry dictionaries.”Vocabulary teaching is an indispensable part of English curriculum.Vocabulary is a weak area I.The importance of vocabulary The singular importance of vocabulary has become a powerful insight to raise achievement.The words we know help us organize our l

3、earning.The creation of words is our tool for increasing learning.Vocabulary instruction should be a focalpoint of learning,especially for students impacted by poverty.Vocabulary instruction is an excellent advance organizer but also must be taught in context.I.The importance ofIntroduction of This

4、Unit To discuss how to teach vocabulary.Although vocabulary is usually integrated with the teaching of reading,we still consider it necessary to introduce ways to learn and consolidate vocabulary.Introduction of This UnitTeaching Content How to teach vocabulary What students need to know Presenting

5、vocabulary Consolidating vocabulary Developing vocabulary building strategiesTeaching Content 1.Introduction Vocabulary plays an important part in learning to read.Beginning readers must use the words they hear orally to make sense of the words they see in print.With 100,000 words in the English lan

6、guage,teaching vocabulary can seem like a very daunting prospect.The average native speaker uses around only 5000 words in everyday speech.Your students wont need to produce every word they learn,some they will just need to recognize.1.Introducti 2.Ways for TeachingnTeachers should choose proper way

7、s to instruct words.Many teachers often write new words they want to teach on the blackboard,then explain them one by one.The way is easy for teachers to teach,while it isnt interesting for students to learnIt makes students feel bored.nSelecting what to teach,based on frequency and usefulness to th

8、e needs of your particular students is therefore essential.2.Ways for TeachingCriteria DefinitionRangethe extent to which a word occurs in the different types of textsCoveragethe capacity of a word to replace other wordsfrequencythe number of occurrences of a word in the target languagelearnabilityt

9、he extent to which a word can be learned without difficultylanguage needsthe extent to which a word is regarded as required by the learner in order to communicate 3.Selecting what to teach,based onCriteria Defin4.What to Teach While Teaching Vocabulary item FormpronunciationspellingderivationsMeanin

10、gbasic and literal meanings,derived and figurative meanings,semantic relation and connotationUsagesub-categorization,collocation sociolinguistic and stylistic restrictions,slangs and idioms4.What to Teach While Teachi II.How To Teach Vocabulary 1.The most effective way is teaching vocabulary IN CONT

11、EXT.There are two advantages:1)students remember the words better.2)students see HOW the words are used.2.Use all kinds of stories:childrens stories,news stories,jokes,magazine articles.3.Teaching by using word-formation:II.How To Teach Vocabulary 4.Model the activities first.5.Keep an ongoing list

12、prominently posted.6.Go beyond the definitions of the words.7.Most work with vocabulary should be done with the meanings available.8.Incorporate multisensory learning from the beginning.9.Have structure and organization behind the words you present.4.Model the activi n10.offering words which have th

13、e same semantic field of function.n 11.offering different parts of speech.n 12.making sentences.n 13.asking students to read additional English articles.n 14.learning texts in English textbooks.n 15.listening to the tapes for English textbooks III.What a student may need to know?1.Item-What it means

14、nIt is vital to get across the meaning of the item clearly and to ensure that your students have understood correctly with checking questions.III.What a student may need t Words can be classified into many parts of speech:noun,verb,adjective,adverb and so on.Students need to know what form it is to

15、be able to use it effectively.For example,water(n.)water(v.)2.The form Words can be classifie 3.How it is pronounced This can be particularly problematic for learners of English because there is often no clear relation between how a word is written and how it is pronounced.It is very important to us

16、e the phonemic script in such cases so the Ss have a clear written record of the pronunciation.Dont forget also to drill words that you think will cause pronunciation problems for your students and highlight the word stresses.3.How it is pronounc 4.How it is spelt This is always difficult in English

17、 teaching.Remember to clarify the pronunciation before showing the written form.4.How it is spelt 5.The connotations that the item may haveBachelor is a neutral/positive word whereas spinster conjures a more negative image.5.The connotations t 6.The situations when the word is or is not used Is it f

18、ormal/neutral/informal?-spectacles/glasses/specs.Is it used mainly in speech or in writing?-To sum up is usually written whereas mind you is spoken.Is it outdated?-Wireless instead of radio.6.The situations w7.How the word is related to others Synonyms-words different in sound and spelling but most

19、nearly alike or exactly the same in meaning.There are two kinds of synonyms.(1)Absolute synonyms;(2)Relative synonyms.Antonyms-words which are opposite in meaning.They can be classified into three major groups.(1)Contradictory terms;(2)Contray terms;(3)Relative terms.lexical sets-words that belong t

20、o a particulary group.(1)Semantic group;(2)Syntactical group;(3)Functional group.7.How the word is related to o 8.Collocation or the way that words occur togetherYou describe things in great detail not in big detail，and to ask a question you raise your hand，you dont lift your hand.It is important to

21、 highlight this to students to prevent mistakes in usage later.8.Collocation or the wa9.What the affixes may indicate about the meaning?(the prefixes and suffixes)Prefixes-change the meanings of roots.(1)Negative prefixes：dis-,non-un-.(2)Prefixes of degree or size：micro-,over-,under-.Suffixes-change

22、 the grammatical function of roots.(1)noun suffixes:-er,-ese,-tion.(2)verb suffixes:-fy,-ize.(3)adverb suffixes:-ly,-wards.(4)Adjective suffixes：-able,-al,-ful,-y.This is particularly useful at a higher level.9.What the affixes may indicaWhich of these areas you choose to highlight will depend on th

23、e item you are teaching and the level of your students.Now its time to think about how to present vocabulary.英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法教程課件08nThere are lots of ways of getting across the meaning of a lexical item.IV.Ways to present vocabularyThere are lots of ways of gett Ways to present vocabularyn 1.Presenting vocabul

24、aries by stick drawings,models,slides,films,videotapes,radios and TVs.Ways to present vocabulary 英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法教程課件08英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法教程課件08 2.Creating a Monster If teaching body languages,you can use-Basic building blocks 2.Creating a MonstnRed hair and green fur.A monstrous wardrobe.英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法教程課件08Do you know where your m

25、onster is?Five eyes and two fangs.Two claws.Do you know where your monstern3.IllustrationThis is very useful for more concretewords(dog,rain,tall)and for visual learners.It has its limits though,not all items can be drawn.n4.MimeThis lends itself particularly well to action verbs and it can be fun a

26、nd memorable.n5.Synonyms/Antonyms/Gradable itemsUsing the words the students already know can be effective for getting meaning across.3.IllustrationThis is very u英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法教程課件08n6.DefinitionMake sure that it is clear(maybe check in a learner dictionary)before the lesson if you are not confident.Remember

27、 to ask questions to check they have understood properly.n7.TranslationIf you know the students L1,then it is fast and efficient.Remember that not every word has a direct translation.n8.ContextThink of a clear context when the word is used and either describe it to the students or give them example

28、sentences to clarify meaning further.6.DefinitionMake sure that inAgain which you choose will depend on the item you are presenting.Some are more suitable for particular words.Often a combination of techniques can be both helpful and memorableAgain which you choose will de VI.Consolidating vocabular

29、ynLabelingnSpotting the differences nDescribing and drawing nPlaying a game nUsing word thermometers nUsing word seriesnWord bingo nWord association nOdd man out VI.Consolidating vocabula Using word categories:countriesmilk,typist,apples,pigs,shirts,Germany,chickens,Japan,shoes,oranges,peaches,wine,

30、cows,butcher,tea,driver,Greece,socks,Turkey,trousers,banker,dogs,sheep,coffee,plums,pearsDrinksFruitsAnimalsJobsClothes Using word categories Using word net-work:sitting roombathroom ktichen bedroom knife HOUSE Using woVII.Developing vocabulary building strategiesnReview regularly nGuess meaning fro

31、m context nOrganize vocabulary effectively nUse learned vocabulary VII.Developing vocabulary buVIII.Alternative ways of teaching vocabulary n1.Give your students a few items of vocabulary and tell them to find the meaning,pronunciation and write an example sentenced with the word in.They can then te

32、ach each other in groups.n2.Prepare worksheets and ask your students to match words to definitions.n3.Ask students to classify a group of words into different categories.For example,a list of transport words into air/sea/land.n4.Ask students to find new vocabulary from reading homework and teach the

33、 other students in the class.VIII.Alternative ways of teaIX.Other things to considern1.Review the vocabulary you teach through a game or activity and encourage your students to do the same at home.n2.Encourage autonomy in your learners.Tell them to read,watch films,listen to songs etc.and note the u

34、seful words.n3.Have a section of your board for vocabulary items that come up as you are teaching.Use different colors for the word/the phonemics/the prepositions/the part of speech.IX.Other things to consider1.RiddleRiddleClimbingtheladderWerethewinner.Climbing the ladderWere the Pass the picture a

35、ndPass the picture and repeat the word repeat the wordPass the picture and repeat t Whats in the picture?Pairs compare Whats in the picture?PaPictureAPictureBPicture APicture BUsing a rhymeOne potato,two potatoes,three potatoes,four;Five potatoes,six potatoes,seven potatoes,more.Using a rhymeOne pot

36、ato,n 4.It is a good idea to teach/learn words withn associated meanings together.n 5.Encourage your students to purchase a good dictionary and use class time to highlight the benefits of one.n 6.Teach your students the grammatical names for the parts of speech and the phonemic script.n 7.Always kee

37、p a good dictionary by your side in case a student asks about a word you dont know.4.It is a good idea tn 8.If you dont and have never heard of the word,tell the student you will check and get back to them.Do get back to them n 9.Give extra example sentences to the students if they are unsure and en

38、courage them to write the word in an example sentence(maybe for homework)8.If you dont and have ne Vocabulary teaching is not an isolated activity.Vocabulary teaching is also a cooperation The purpose of English vocabulary teaching is to help students develop the abilities of using English for communication and of acquiring knowledge in the future.To conclude Vocabulary tea