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1、,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,,,*,,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,,,*,,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,,,*,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,,,*,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,,,*,THE MONARCHY,BRITISH,,HISTO

2、RY,美英報刊文章選讀,,Teaching Steps:,,1.,The British Government,,,2.Questions leading to the text,,3.Words to know,,4.Summary,,5.News writing------,Metonymy,and,Synecdoche,,,,,,,,The heyday of their empire,The British Government,,,Britain,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,,,System of

3、government,: constitutional monarchy.,,The central government includes:,monarch, Parliament and the cabinet.,,1. The monarch,,1) Functions : head of state,,2) Official titles: king &queen,,3) Official residence: Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle,,,,2. Parliament,,Two chambers:,,1),the House of Lords

4、,(the Upper House) and,,a) Members:,議員,,,b) Chairman: Lord High Chancellor,議長,,2),the House of Commons,( Lower House),,a) Members:,議員,,,b) Chairman:,Speaker,議長,,The House of Commons and House of Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster, located next to the River Thames in,L,ondon.,,,,Westminster Pala

5、ce,RIVER THAMES IN LONDON,Houses of Parliament,Palace of Westminster,,威斯敏斯特宮（,Palace of Westminster,），又稱國會大廈（,Houses of Parliament,）是,英國國會,（包括上議院和下議院）的所在地,,威斯敏斯特宮是哥特復(fù)興式建筑的代表作之一，,1987,年被列為世界文化遺產(chǎn),,,3.,The government and the cabinet,,Prime Minister,,Secretary of state for the Home Department,內(nèi)政大臣,,,Cha

6、ncellor of the Exchequer,財政大臣,,,secretary of state for Defense,,國防大臣,,.,,Politics,1. Political parties:,,Two-party system,,1) Conservative party,（,Donald Cameron,）,,,2) Labor party,,2. Election:,,1) Period: every five years at nationwide level.,Britain,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norther

7、n Ireland,,Britain is a,constitutional,,monarchy,.,,The monarch, at present Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State (the official ruler of the country).,,She has to agree to all new laws before they can come into force.,,Every year she performs the State Opening of Parliament, when she makes a spee

8、ch which tells what the government intends to do.,,Monarch: a ruler of a state, such as a king or queen, who has a right to rule by birth, and does not have to be elected.,,Monarchy,: the system by which a state is ruled by a king or queen. Also a state ruled by a king or queen.,,What is her name

9、?,What is the UK?,,The Queen appoints the Prime Minister and gives titles and other honours to people who have done good things for the country.,Present PM Tony Blair,Former PM Margaret Thatcher,,,,In practice the queen has very,little power,,and she may not express a political opinion in public.,,S

10、he cannot refuse to agree to a law which has been decided on by Parliament and she must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the political party that has won the most parliamentary seats.,,The queen′s duties are mainly,ceremonial.,,,Some people think that the monarchy is old-fashioned and a waste

11、 of money, but others feel that it is a good thing to have someone represent the country on important occasions who is not connected with any political party.,,Britain is arguably the oldest representative democracy in the world.,Representative,,Democracy,and also known as,Parliamentary Democracy (,

12、議會制民主）,,Monarch -- Constitutional Monarchy,（君主立憲制）,,The Queen is the chief of the state, but without real power,,ElizabethⅡ-----,,Queen,of the United Kingdom and the other,Commonwealth realms,,Reign,,6 February

13、  1952 – present (62 years ),,,Coronation,2 June 1953,,Predecessor,George VI,,Heir Apparent,Charles, Prince of Wales,（,the Prince of Wales is the heir to the throne.,）,,Consort,Prince Philip,,,Duke of,,Edinburgh

14、,,英國王位為世襲制。,1701,年頒布的王位繼承法規(guī)定，英王去世后由其長子或長女繼承，男性優(yōu)于女性。長子如已死亡，則由其后嗣繼承。若長子去世時尚無子女，則由英王的次子或后嗣繼承。如英王無子，才由其弟繼承。,1952,年繼位的現(xiàn)女王是英國漢諾威王朝的第十一代君王。,,英國王位的繼承順序（,order of succession to the throne,）前六名是：,,Prince Charles (,女王長子,),,Prince William (Charles,之長子,),,Prince Henry (Charles,之二子,),,Prince Andrew (,女王二子,),,Prin

15、ce Edward (,女王三子,),,Princess Anne (,女王之女,),英國的君主立憲制,君主立憲制是英國政府最古老的制度。英女王伊麗莎白二世傳承了愛格伯國王（,King Egbert,）自公元,829,年統(tǒng)一英格蘭后建立起的王權(quán)。英國歷史上君主立憲制唯一的間斷期出現(xiàn)在,1649,至,1660,年間的共和時期。,,今天，英國女王不僅僅代表著英國的國家元首，同時象征著英國國家統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)志。英女王在英國的全稱是：“伊麗莎白二世、大不列顛、北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國及其它領(lǐng)土和疆域之上帝賜予之女王、英聯(lián)邦的元首及忠實(shí)的捍衛(wèi)者”。在英吉利海峽諸島及曼恩島（,the Channel Islands a

16、nd the Isle of Man,）行使著女王的權(quán)威。,,雖然君主立憲制的王權(quán)寶座只設(shè)在英國，,英女王仍然代表著許多英聯(lián)邦國家的國家元首,。英女王在完全獨(dú)立于英國政府的英聯(lián)邦國家大臣們的建議下，將她的權(quán)力委托給英聯(lián)邦國家的總督，代為行使管轄?？偠降恼交始曳Q謂隨國家和地區(qū)的差異而不盡相同。有一些英聯(lián)邦國家則建立了共和制或由自身的君主進(jìn)行立憲。在英屬的海外領(lǐng)地，地方統(tǒng)治者代表著女王，對英國政府負(fù)責(zé)，行使領(lǐng)地的管轄。,,雖然女王有著至高無上的頭銜，主要的權(quán)力卻掌握在議會手中，,女王的職責(zé)多為禮儀性的。英國議會由英國女王、上議院和一個由選舉產(chǎn)生的下議院三方組成。,這三方僅在一些具重要象征意義的儀

17、式上同時出現(xiàn)。譬如，在每年英國議會重開的儀式上，女王會在上議院召見下議院議員。英國的立法需要這三方的一致通過，女王通常不持異議。,Introduction,As you know, Britain is a Monarchy . The Queen , as head of state, chooses a prime minister, dissolves Parliament and declares war, and takes the political accountability while,remaining above politics,and,taking no sides

18、,in any political debate.,,However, just,ceremonial duties.,,So whether it should stay or not?,,quotation from Churchill’s description about the monarchy,system—the best that man had yet devised,,,why the monarchy must stay,,①,This system prevents politicians from too easily,usurping power,.,,②,It i

19、s one of the great strengths of monarchy that it has never taken sides in any political debate, that it shows itself, as an institution, to be,evenhanded,.,,.,,,③,If one were to jettison the monarchy, government, Parliament, the nation and the commonwealth would be,turned upside down.,,④,From this f

20、ollows trade, and a vital economic boost to the nation's industry and commerce. At home, monarchy is at the center of a,multimillion-dollar tourist industry.,,⑤,That people like things the way they are,Mrs Windsor , anyone?,The main,idea,The royal scandal led to the dispute of the monarch's remova

21、l or retention,however it's still hard to discover a strong movement toward a republic in Britain history , a poll – commissioned by the leftish and republican-leaning Guardian – asked 1,000 people whether Britain would be better or worse off without a royal family and 69 per cent said worse off, a

22、number in line with similar polls throughout the past 60 years.,,,,The mystery of British republicanism has long been its almost total non-existence.,,The Queen’s Jubilees,The Queen’s Jubilees,,Silver jubilee 1977,,Gold jubilee 2002,,Diamond jubilee 2012,,. More than a million spectators lined the b

23、anks of the river to cheer the 86-year-old *monarch. She is only the second British monarch to celebrate a,diamond jubilee,,after Queen Victoria. The river pageant was the main event of four days of celebrations for the 60th year of the queen’s reign and street parties were held around the country.,

24、Questions,,Are there many Britons against Monarchy according to the author?,No, Only a handful of people have expressed their,dislike,for the monarchy,2. What does the slogan “Don’t jubilee’ve it!” on the placard mean?,Don’t take part in any celebration for the Queens’s diamond jubilee.,,Don’t you b

25、elieve it,3. How do you understand the slogan “9500 nurses or 1 Queen”?,,The expenses of the Queen are equal to those of 9500 nurses . It suggests that the royal family’s life is,extravagant,and so people choose to have more nurses instead of a queen,4. Why do you think the majority of Britons give

26、their support to the royal family?,Their country can,benefit,a lot economically from it , and their state is safer and more,stable,with it.,the,,Structure,Paragraph 1-3 the a,nti-monarchist,arrangements for the celebration of the diamond jubilee,,Para4-8 monarchy,mishandled,,Para 9-13,history,of r

27、epublic,,Para 14-18,abolishnist,of the monarchy,,Para 19-20,support,of the monarchy,D,etailed,,Study,of,the,,Text,There were eight of them,,a pretty decent attendance,on such an occasion, (Para2),,The number of people who attend was not small.,,They were putting finishing touches to the …(Para2),,To

28、 make final adjustments of completing,,,when they held their own,anti-royal,street party, and the jubilee have produced,spikes,in support. (Para3),,--sharp rise,,And for the monarchy, an institution which has held firm –,with one 11-year gap,– since the start of the 9th century, the 21st century has

29、 marked a return to its customary popularity and dominance (Para 5),,,The 1990s were disastrous for the royal family (Para 5),,,The royal antics led to the fact that monarch is threatened.,,The 1990s were diastrous for the royal family,,“annus horribilis”,,"Camillagate",,"Squidgygate",,,,After the “

30、annus horribilis,” “Camillagate,” “Squidgygate” and other royal antics, support for the monarchy in Great Britain dropped to 38 percent.,,annus horribilis:,,---years of wonders , esp . Applied to 1666, or to other years of remarkable or catastrophic events,Suffix --gate,Gate:,（,scandal,），,,Forming n

31、ouns from the names of people or places; used esp. in newspapers.,,Like,Watergate,, the scandal in the US that brought about the resignation of President Nixon in 1974.,,,Camilla,gate,---,,Concerning a close female friend(Camilla) of Prince Charles,,,Squidgy,gate,---,,Princess Diana’s sexual scandal

32、,,,But the turnaround , widely perceived to have …,golden jubilee of,2002(Para 6),,Silver Jubilee 1977,,Gold Jubilee 2002,,Diamond Jubilee 2012,,a,poll,–,commissioned,by the leftish and republican-leaning Guardian – asked 1,000 people whether Britain would be better or worse off without a royal fami

33、ly and 69 per cent said worse off, a number in line with similar polls throughout the past 60 years. (Para 6),,A number,in line with similar,polls throughout the past 60 years (Para6),,The result of the poll was consistent with similar polls in the past 60 years.,,At the behest of the FT’s photograp

34、her …,,(Para7),,At the request of,,The,,civil,,war,that led to Charles I’s execution in 1649 was (to oversimplify) a battle over the origin and extent of the king’s authority rather than its existence (Para 9),,English Civil War,,是,1642,年至,1651,年在英國,議會派,與,?；逝?之間發(fā)生的一系列武裝沖突及政治斗爭；英國輝格黨稱之為,清教徒革命,（英文：,-{

35、Puritan Revolution}-,），馬克思主義史觀稱之為英國資產(chǎn)階級革命（,English Bourgeois Revolution,）。在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中，以克倫威爾等人為代表的革命領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人創(chuàng)建了新型的軍隊，并在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中創(chuàng)造了一套新的戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)，在歐洲軍事史上寫下了光輝的一頁。他對于英國和整個歐洲都產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響，歷史學(xué)家一般將革命開始的,1640,年作為,世界近代史,的開端。,,,The HOUSE OF Cromwell:,,克倫威爾公館，喻其政權(quán),,Republicanism,:,,The ideology of governing a society or state as a pub

36、lic , where the head of state is elected,,Oliver Cromwell,dissolve,,Parliament,…(P9),,dissolve parliament, declare war,,,waive the power, usurp power,,,In the 352 years since then there have been moments that might have been,construed,as republican opportunities (Para10),,--explained,,There was a,ba

37、d run,for the monarchy. (Para 10),,There was a bad time for the monarchy.,,,But Britain’s faith in its system had been,cemented,by the excesses of the French Revolution (Para10),,Because the French Revolution went too far in dealing with their monarch , the British people,reinforced,their faith in t

38、heir system, i. e. monarchy.,,The institution recovered quickly after the accession of,Victoria,in 1837 ( Para 11),,--Monarchy,QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM,,,Reign,20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901,,Coronation,28 June 1838,,Predecessor,William,IV,,Successor,Edward,,VII,Empress of India,,Reign,1 May 1876

39、 – 22 January 1901,,Imperial durbar,1 January 1877,,Successor,Edward,,VII,,Her throne…,Her reign of 63 years and 7 months, which is longer than any other british monarch(,統(tǒng)治者,) .and the longest of any female monarch in history, is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of,industrial,,,cultural,

40、,,political,,,scientific,, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the,,British Empire .,Her Achievement…,,When Victoria retreated into,seclusion,…(Para11),,Moved back from ( government or state affairs),,Which damaged her popularity.,,,When he recovere

41、d, Victoria held a public thanksgiving service in,Westminster,,Abbey,(Para12),,--a very large Gothic church in Westminster, built in 11th century,almost all British kings and queens were crowned and many famous people are buried.,,…as a “,disguised republic,”(Para13),,The Queen is there by,consent,.

42、 (Para 13),,The Queen is head of state when people agree.,,Ceremonial head,,Between,the flag-wavers and the placard-wavers,,there is a great deal of,cynicism,in Britain – people turned off by the flummery, the excesses, the expense and the sugar-coated coverage .,,--Between the supporters and abolit

43、ionists of the monarchy,,cynicism,The dog looking for a man,,,--Alexander: “Is there anything I can do for you?”,,--Diogenes: “Yes, stand to one side. You’re blocking the sunlight.”,,people,turned off,by the,flummery,, the excesses, the expense and the,sugar-coated coverage,.,,--people who have lost

44、 their interest or feel disgusted because the royal family are insincere , they don’t behave well , they spend huge amounts of the taxpayers’ money , and they are described in the press as much better than they are.,,Flummery,—complete nonsense,,Turn off—to cause to feel dislike or distaste for some

45、thing,,Sugar-coat-,---to make sth appear more pleasant or acceptable,,Leanne Wood, the new leader of Plaid Cymru, once caused a storm in the Welsh Assembly by calling the Queen “,Mrs,,Windsor,”.,,--,,Mrs Windsor---,,Windsor:,,The family name of the British royal family from 1917,,Some republican act

46、ivists call the Queen “Mrs Windsor” to show their position that monarchy should be abolished and,that the Queen is just a common woman,,Several Republic supporters insisted that becoming head of state was a legitimate aspiration for any child of democracy, in the American,log-cabin-to-president,trad

47、ition. (Para 15),,If working hard , even a cowboy can be president,, as the proverb goes.,,the third option in the,Charles,,or,,William,,poll,question was an election.? (Para 15),,Support for the monarchy is certainly full of,contradictions,but, the night after the Islington gathering, it was possib

48、le to sense the,weaknesses,in Republic’s case. (Para16),,Some thought the royal family (mainly Charles) interfered too much in politics; others thought the Queen’s insistence on non-intervention after the inconclusive 2010 election was a sign that she,had no useful role to play.,,Apolitical attitude

49、,,But I suspect that single questioner spoke for,apathetic,England.? (Para 19),,But I think the person who asked that question expressed the views of all those English people who are indifferent to this issue.,,The Queen seems a,decent,,old,,stick,. There is an extra,bank,,holiday,for her on Tuesday

50、.,,--colloquial BrE, guy,,--public holiday,,,Match that, President,Blair,. (Para 19),,A republic is as good as or better than monarchy.,,President Blair,,--Labour Party politician as Prime Minister of the U.K. (1997-2007),,,There will be a wave of sympathy because of his mother’s service.”,,Winsto

51、n Churchill,often described,parliamentary democracy,and,constitutional monarchy,as being,imperfect,----but the best that man had yet devised.,,parliamentary democracy,：,,---,議會制民主,,constitutional monarchy,：,,---a monarchy in which the ruler has only powers given to her by the constitution and laws o

52、f the nation,,君主立憲制,,monarchy has served both the empire and the commonwealth,with great distinction:,,---Head of state- nurturing a sense of unity between nations,,---Brings financial benefit,,---Adds dignity and historical relevance to all state occasions,,Words & expressions to know,Constitutiona

53、l monarchy,,,,parliamentary democracy, head of state, above politics, figurehead,,,dissolve parliament, declare war,,,waive the power, usurp power,,,,take sides, apolitical stand, national symbol,,,the British Empire,,,,the Commonwealth,,,,royal family, cult of personality, republicanism,,,political

54、 accountability,,remaining above politics,,Diamond jubilee,,Anti-monarchist anti-royalist,,The street party,,Republican activist,,The English civil war,,Victorian era,,Windsor,,,Westminster Abbey,,apathetic accession,,The Conservative party /Labour Party,,Constitutional monarch monarchy,,Elizab

55、eth Ⅱ,,Summary,For members of the,anti-royalist,group Republic, the queen’s diamond jubilee is a chance to get their views hear .Only a handful of people have expressed their dislike for the monarchy.,,the,turnaround,, widely perceived to have started with the initially rather apologetic golden jubi

56、lee of 2002,,,,a poll – commissioned,by the leftish and republican-leaning Guardian – asked 1,000 people whether Britain would be better or worse off without a royal family and 69 per cent said worse off, a number in line with similar polls throughout the past 60 years.,,It probably does more good t

57、han harm and makes more money than it costs. It gives the country,a sense of stability,語言解說：借喻和提喻(P189),Metonymy,,借一事物的名稱指代另一事物。,,如：,the Crown,,喻皇室事務(wù),,Synecdoche,,以局部代表全體，或以全體喻指部分。,,如：,Broadway,指美國戲劇業(yè)等,,,,Blue helmets,,藍(lán)盔帽 聯(lián)合國維和部隊,,Downing Street,,唐寧街（倫敦一街道） 英國政府，英國內(nèi)閣,,Fleet Street,,艦隊街（倫敦一街道）? 英國

58、新聞界，英國報業(yè),,Buckingham Palace,,白金漢宮（英國,),英國王宮,,The City (of London),,倫敦城??? 英國金融界，英國商業(yè)界,,Capitol Hill,,國會山（國會大廈所在地）,,美國國會,,Hollywood,,好萊塢 美國電影業(yè)或娛樂業(yè),,Oval Office,,橢圓形辦公室 美國總統(tǒng)辦公室,,Silicon Valley,,硅谷 美國高科技集中地,,Wall Street,,華爾街 美國金融界,,Zhongnanhai,,中南海 中國政府,,Pentagon,五角大樓　　美國國防部,Language points：

59、New Meanings of Some Affixes,Anti-:,,反傳統(tǒng)的，,,eg: anticulture,,反托拉斯的，反壟斷的,eg:antitrust,,-Aid,,救助，贊助：尤指義賽或義演的,,eg:,Fashion-Aid,慈善時裝義演,,,Sport-Aid,體育義演,,Band-Aid,創(chuàng)可貼,-friendly,有助于,…,的。,,對,…,無污染的或保護(hù)的,,支持的,,eg: customer-friendly,考慮顧客需要的,,,environment-friendly,,Labor –friendly,,Thatcher -friendly,-ism,：,歧視：,ageism,年齡歧視,,,lookism,容貌歧視,,-wise:,講到,speaking of,,,在某方面,with regard to,,,從某點(diǎn)上看,from the standpoint of,,eg: weatherwise strategywise,,Timewise , I’ve reached the age of 70, but ideawise or outlookwise , I’m still 50 or less.,