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6、tyles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,大數(shù)據(jù)處理,大數(shù)據(jù)與并行計(jì)算,中 南 大 學(xué),信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代：是變革還是煩惱,科學(xué)畫報(bào),2013.10,1.,解讀大數(shù)據(jù),a.,2009,年，“大數(shù)據(jù)”脫穎而出,b.,手機(jī)、平板電腦；物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、云計(jì)算、移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng),c.,定義：大而復(fù)雜、難以用現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)庫管理工具處理的數(shù)據(jù)集。,2.Big Data,內(nèi)涵,a.,數(shù)量巨大、來源多樣化、類型多樣化,b.,新型數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析技術(shù),c.,運(yùn)用新型數(shù)據(jù)分析技術(shù)所形成的具有價(jià)值的結(jié)果,3.,實(shí)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè),d.,亞馬孫賣書的推

7、薦系統(tǒng),2007,年,.90%,以上都已數(shù)字信息化,10/28/2024,10/28/2024,Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies,10/28/2024,并行計(jì)算,多核,多處理器,分布式計(jì)算,10/28/2024,10/28/2024,多核的發(fā)展必然,10/28/2024,10/28/2024,10/28/2024,多核編程內(nèi)容,多核編程內(nèi)容,OpenMP,用于共享內(nèi)存并行系統(tǒng)的多線程程序設(shè)計(jì)的一套指導(dǎo)性的編譯處理方案。,OpenMP,支持的編程語言包括,C,語言、,C+,和,Fortran,。,OpenMP,提供了對(duì)并行算法的高層的抽象描述，程序員通過在

8、源代碼中加入專用的,pragma,來指明自己的意圖，由此編譯器可以自動(dòng)將程序進(jìn)行并行化，并在必要之處加入同步互斥以及通信。,MPI,作為消息傳遞機(jī)制，在,PC,、工作站、以及各種并行機(jī)上運(yùn)行,10/28/2024,并行計(jì)算機(jī),10/28/2024,10/28/2024,技術(shù)墻,10/28/2024,結(jié)論,分布式計(jì)算是大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的必然趨勢(shì)！,10/28/2024,分布式計(jì)算是大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的必然趨勢(shì),所謂分布式計(jì)算是一門計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)，它研究如何,把一個(gè)需要非常巨大的計(jì)算能力才能解決的問題分成許多小的部分，然后把這些部分分配給許多計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行處理,，最后把這些計(jì)算結(jié)果綜合起來得到最終的結(jié)果。,10/28/2024,非常巨大的計(jì)算能力才能解決的問題,解決較為復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)問題,研究尋找最為安全的密碼系統(tǒng),如密碼破解,生物病理研究,研究蛋白質(zhì)折疊，誤解，聚合及由此引起的相關(guān)疾病,各種各樣疾病的藥物研究，尋找對(duì)抗癌癥的有效的藥物,信號(hào)處理,這些問題都應(yīng)該由超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)來解決,!,10/28/2024,Big Data,Where to Go,