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1、,Click to edit Master Title Style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,June 18,2004,#,June 18,2004,1,題綱,Desktop suite,概況,非,X,架構(gòu)的,Desktop Environment,Desktop,標(biāo)準(zhǔn),FreeDesktop.org,進(jìn)階,X Extensions,未來的挑戰(zhàn),June 18,20041題綱Desktop suite,June 18,2004,2,Desktop suit

2、e,現(xiàn)況,Packaging,RPM,為主,Desktop,KDE GNOME,Browser,Mozilla Konqueror,Mail Client,Evolution Kmail,Office suite,OpenOffice KOffice,June 18,20042Desktop suite 現(xiàn)況,June 18,2004,3,Desktop,架構(gòu),June 18,20043Desktop 架構(gòu),June 18,2004,4,以,MS-Windows,為例,Object Model:COM/ActiveX,Component Exchange:OLE,Clipboard Manag

3、er,User Interface:Rich Win32 API,Configuration:Win32 Registry,Desktop,的技術(shù)層面,June 18,20044以 MS-Windows 為例D,June 18,2004,5,KDE,架構(gòu),Object Model:KParts,Component Exchange:DCOP(Desktop Communication Protocol),Clipboard Manager:Klipper,User Interface:Qt/KDElibs,Configuration:serialized objects/plain text,

4、Desktop,的技術(shù)層面,(,續(xù),),June 18,20045KDE 架構(gòu)Desktop 的技,June 18,2004,6,GNOME,架構(gòu),Object Model:Bonobo(extends CORBA),Component Exchange:Gnorba(GNOME CORBA framework)/Orbit(free CORBA implementation),Clipboard Manager:GCM(GNOME Clipboard Manager),User Interface:GTK+/GNOME-libs,Configuration:GConf,Desktop,的技術(shù)

5、層面,(,續(xù),),June 18,20046GNOME 架構(gòu)Desktop,June 18,2004,7,Dr.Bert G.Wachsmuth,所做的介紹：,Desktop environments are,both a control framework and an interaction framework for programs that run on X Windows and the user,.The desktop environment often includes a window manager that is specifically required by the

6、 desktop environment.,It is an interaction framework because it provides a means for programs to communicate with one another in a very high-level way,.The desktop environment is an optional component,since many window managers offer sufficient functionality to negate it as a requirement,but,in orde

7、r to make more advanced features available,a desktop environment is required.,Desktop Environment,June 18,20047Dr.Bert G.Wach,June 18,2004,8,KDE,Gnome,發(fā)起人,Matthias Ettrich,Miguel de Icaza,時(shí)間,October 1996,August 1997,架構(gòu),Qt,(cross platform graphical widget toolkit),KParts,(lightweight in-process graph

8、ical component framework),KWin,(window manager),DCOP,(system for communication between processes),aRts,(soundserver),KHTML,(HTML engine),GTK+,(Widget toolkit),Pango,(Layout and rendering of internationalized text),ATK,(Accessibility toolkit),Orbit,(a CORBA ORB for software components),Bonobo,(a comp

9、ound document technology),GNOME VFS,(a virtual File system),GConf,(for storing application settings),Gstreamer,(multimedia framework for Gnome applications),Major Native Application,Konqueror,-File manager and web browser using KHTML,Kopete/Kmess,*-Instant messager,Kate,Text editor,Krita,image edito

10、r,Kword,word processor,Kspread,spreadsheet,KMail,-Email client,Nautilus,-File manager,Gabber/Gaim,*-Instant messenger,Galeon,-Web browser based on Mozilla,Gedit,-Text editor,The,Gimp,-Advanced image editor,Abiword,-Word processor,Gnumeric,-Spreadsheet,Ximian Evolution,-Contacts/Time management and e

11、-mail.,June 18,20048KDEGnome發(fā)起人Matth,June 18,2004,9,i18n(Internationalization)/L10n(localization),能力,良好的,Framework/Toolkit,支持,多樣化的,profile/configuration,處理,高擴(kuò)充性、延展性、模組化設(shè)計(jì),Desktop,各元件間必須同時(shí)兼具高凝聚性與低耦合度，能夠立刻,(on-the-fly),抽換元件，而不影響既有運(yùn)作，並且可以動(dòng)態(tài)載入模組，藉由特定介面進(jìn)行操作,應(yīng)用程式間的互動(dòng)性,支持強(qiáng)化,Desktop Environment,的,extension(

12、,以,X,架構(gòu)為例,),快速更換不同外觀、環(huán)境、設(shè)定，以及各種展現(xiàn),與週邊裝置,(,硬體,),的整合度,對應(yīng)硬體需要有足夠的抽象化設(shè)計(jì),依循國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Desktop Environment,成功因素,June 18,20049i18n(Internatio,June 18,2004,10,由,KDE,與,GNOME,開發(fā)者共同發(fā)起,(March 2000),專注於,Desktop Environment,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與效能提升,實(shí)驗(yàn)性嶄新架構(gòu),ICCCM/EWMH,Fontconfig/Xft,Clipboard/Drag-n-Drop,XEMBED protocol,Thumbnail/previ

13、ew,Menu system,Message bus IPC system(D-Bus),Icon themes,Start notification,Desktop,標(biāo)準(zhǔn),-FreeDesktop.org,June 18,200410由 KDE 與 GNOME 開,June 18,2004,11,Open Sourced,Trolltech,的,Qtopia(Qt/Embedded),DirectFB,Closed Sourced,？,非,X,架構(gòu)的,Desktop Environment,June 18,200411Open Sourced非,June 18,2004,12,Qtopia,

14、展示：,http:/ccns.ncku.edu.tw/jimchyun/qpe/,June 18,200412Qtopia 展示：http:,June 18,2004,13,FreeDesktop Platform=Desktop Platform,Shared by KDE/GNOME/others,ABI/API compatibility,XFont Xft/Fontconfig,XComposite,XRender,Cairo,Translucency window,進(jìn)階,X extension,June 18,200413FreeDesktop Pla,June 18,2004,14

15、,字型,/,字體,/,字庫,點(diǎn)陣字庫,(Bitmap fonts),Console fonts,BDF/PCF fonts in X Window System,向量,/,矢量,/,曲線字庫,(Vector fonts),PostScript Type 1 fonts(Adobe),TrueType(Apple,Microsoft),OpenType fonts(may include TrueType or Type 1 data),(Adobe,Apple,Microsoft),June 18,200414字型/字體/字庫點(diǎn)陣字,June 18,2004,15,字型,/,字體,/,字庫,J

16、une 18,200415字型/字體/字庫,June 18,2004,16,Font rendering engines,XFree86-native,FreeType 1 and FreeType 2,Application-native implementations,X11 core library is showing its age,2-bit(black and white)font display only,no greyscale or anti-aliasing,Xft,Xft2/fontconfig,STSF etc.,Screen Display,June 18,200416Font rendering,June 18,2004,17,Xft/fontconfig,XFree86 4.x,引入,X Render Extension,Alpha,、,anti-aliasing,、,sub-pixel(,server side,),Xft Library,Rasterize with FreeType&XRender(,client side,),Fontconfig