《計(jì)算機(jī)硬件綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)----教改項(xiàng)目》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《計(jì)算機(jī)硬件綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)----教改項(xiàng)目（31頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,*,汪 蕓,yunwangseu.edu,2004年2月,局域網(wǎng)與分布式處理,1,課程概況,主要內(nèi)容,-局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)：網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)各層協(xié)議，主要算法，根本設(shè)計(jì)方法,-分布計(jì)算：CORBA技術(shù)，容錯(cuò)理論，分布算法,時(shí)間：40學(xué)時(shí),參考書,-計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，Andrew Tanenbaum,third edition,清華大學(xué)出版社，1998,-CORBA技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用，汪蕓，東南大學(xué)出版社，1999,-IP Routing Fundamentals,Mark A.Sportack,Cisco 系列叢書,清華大

2、學(xué)出版社,1999,-High-Speed Networks and Internets Performance and Quality of Service(second edition),William Stallings,Prentice Hall,2002,-Introduction to Distributed Algorithms(second edition),Gerard Tel,電子工業(yè)出版社，2003,2,什么是計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)？,3,計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò),自主計(jì)算機(jī)的互聯(lián)集合,-三個(gè)根本要點(diǎn)：具有獨(dú)立計(jì)算能力的計(jì)算機(jī)，相互連接，能夠相互通信,網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)勢,-便于溝通信息,-利用共享資源,-

3、進(jìn)行協(xié)作工作,4,計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)續(xù),網(wǎng)絡(luò)面臨的問題,-從如何通信到如何可靠通信通信協(xié)議，容錯(cuò)理論，平安理論等,-從如何傳輸數(shù)據(jù)到如何高速有效傳輸數(shù)據(jù)路由問題，糾錯(cuò)問題，信號(hào)傳輸問題，可靠傳輸問題等,-從提供什么效勞到如何提供用戶友好效勞,-從如何構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)到如何應(yīng)用網(wǎng)絡(luò),5,什么是分布計(jì)算？,6,分布計(jì)算實(shí)例,E-learning,E-business,E-game,WWW applications,CSCW,Groupware,Mobile phone roaming,7,分布計(jì)算,Distributed Computing,Client/server Computing,P2P Computin

4、g,eg.SITHOME,Eg.HTTP,DCE,OO view of distributed computing,Eg.Java,J2EE,CORBA,DCOM,8,Motivation,Information exchange,Resource sharing,Increased reliability through replication,Increased performance through parallelization,Simplification of design through specialization,9,分布計(jì)算特點(diǎn),位置透明性,效勞透明性,分布透明性,網(wǎng)絡(luò)透明

5、性,協(xié)同工作,10,計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和分布計(jì)算的關(guān)系,各自的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同,-計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)側(cè)重于計(jì)算機(jī)之間的通信，分布計(jì)算側(cè)重于如何為一個(gè)共同目標(biāo)而進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)溝通,相互聯(lián)系,-分布計(jì)算環(huán)境通常是建立在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)根底上的,11,What Are Those“Hot Topics,Peer-to-peer systems.,Application-level multicast.,Overlay networks.,Gossip-based(epidemic)protocols.,Distributed file systems.,Security(e.g.,of all the above).,Solutio

6、ns of the above for wireless networks.,12,第一章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)根底,13,1.1 A Communication Model,Source,Transmitter,Transmission System,Destination,Receiver,14,1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類1,按照傳輸技術(shù)分：,播送式網(wǎng)絡(luò)和點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò),播送式網(wǎng)絡(luò)：,-僅有一條通道,-多點(diǎn)接收,點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò),Broadcast,multicast and unicast,15,網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類2,按照連接距離和規(guī)?？梢苑譃椋?局域網(wǎng)，城域網(wǎng)和廣域網(wǎng),局域網(wǎng)：一般在10公里范圍內(nèi),城域網(wǎng)：覆蓋一個(gè)城市,廣域網(wǎng)

7、：覆蓋整個(gè)地球,16,廣域網(wǎng),分為通信子網(wǎng)和資源子網(wǎng),通信子網(wǎng)是網(wǎng)絡(luò)中面向數(shù)據(jù)傳輸或者數(shù)據(jù)通信的局部資源集合,資源子網(wǎng)是網(wǎng)絡(luò)中面向數(shù)據(jù)處理的資源集合，由用戶的主機(jī)資源組成,廣域網(wǎng)通常由多個(gè)局域網(wǎng)組成,17,局域網(wǎng)和廣域網(wǎng)的關(guān)系,范圍,傳輸技術(shù),-傳統(tǒng)局域網(wǎng)是播送式網(wǎng)絡(luò),-廣域網(wǎng)主要采用分組交換加路由,拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),-局域網(wǎng)主要采用總線型、環(huán)型和星型,-廣域網(wǎng)主要采用層次結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)狀,18,網(wǎng)絡(luò)分類3,按照傳輸介質(zhì)可以分為：,-有線網(wǎng)絡(luò),-無線網(wǎng)絡(luò),19,1.3 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)(1),總線型,-,tap:hardware interfacing,-full-duplex operation between t

8、he station and the tap,-terminator:absorbs any signal,removing it from the bus,20,An Example,A,A,B,C,(a)C transmits frame addressed to A,A,A,B,C,(b)Frame is not addressed to B;B ignores it,21,An Example(Contd),A,A,B,C,(c)A receives the frame,-,no special action needs to be taken to remove frames fro

9、m the medium,-,there needs to be some way of indicating for whom the transmission is intended,-a mechanism is needed to regulate transmission,22,Solution,Stations transmit in frames.,A frame=a frame header+a portion of the data,A frame header contains control information,e.g.addresses.,23,討論,Frame,p

10、acket,datagram,stream和message有什么不同？,24,拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)2,環(huán)型,A closed loop,A set of repeaters:no buffering,only one direction,25,An Example,B,A,C,A,(a)C transmits frame addressed to A,B,A,C,A,(b)Frame is not addressed to B;B ignores it,26,An Example Contd),B,A,C,A,(c)A copies frame as it goes by,B,A,C,A,(d)C abs

11、orbs returning frame,27,討論,環(huán)型結(jié)構(gòu)與總線型結(jié)構(gòu)有什么相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)？,28,網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?,星型,Central hub,switch,29,Central Node,To operate in a broadcast fashion,-A transmission of a frame from one station to the node is retransmitted on all of the outgoing links,To act as a frame switching device,-An incoming frame is buffered in the node and then retransmitted on an outgoing link to the destination station,30,討論,給出使用總線型、環(huán)型和星型拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用實(shí)例。,31,